Wahlenbergia gracilis

(G.Forst.) A.DC. (1830)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Wahlenbergia

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennial herb to 80 cm tall.

Stems: Stems slender, angular, sometimes woody at base, (5–)15–40 cm long, unbranched to many-branched, glabrous or pubescent at base.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Basal leaves rosulate and early deciduous. Lower cauline leaves spatulate to obovate below, linear to lanceolate above, 1–4 cm long, 0.2–0.8 cm wide. Surfaces glabrous, juvenile leaves sometimes pubescent. Margins entire to serrate–dentate. Sessile. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in terminal or axillary panicles, pedicellate. Flowers bisexual (perfect); Hypanthium 5–nerved or 10–nerved. Calyx of 5 connate sepals, glabrous; tube adnate to ovary. Corolla actinomorphic or, if zygomorphic, then often laterally fenestrate or dorsally cleft, connate, 5 petals, white to pale blue, 4–15(–25) mm in diameter, campanulate. Stamens 5, alternate with corolla lobes, dark blue to purple; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits, coherent but separating after anthesis or connate and forming a tube into which pollen is shed; filaments distinct, attached to the epigynous nectary disk or to base of corolla, rarely adnate to corolla tube. Ovary inferior to rarely superior, 2–5-celled; ovule placentation axile; stigmas wet or dry, 2–5-lobed, appressed and nonreceptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out the pollen, after which the stigmas spread apart and become receptive; style with as many lobes as cells.

Fruit: Capsules obconical; 6–10 mm long; apically loculicidal. Seeds numerous; small; lenticular or trigonous; smooth or minutely reticulate; with a straight; short to spatulate dicotyledonous embryo embedded in oily endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 18; 36; 64

Habitat: Sparingly naturalized in dry; disturbed areas; locally common during wetter months.

Elevation Range: 0–2,850 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

O'ahu Only found in cultivation
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Monogr. Campan.: 142 (1830)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:489 (Mo, L, M, H); Herbst et al. 2004:4, 5 (KEY, DESCR).

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. Saddle Road, 33 miles from Hilo. Growing on a`a. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN J. Davis 606 Hawaii PTBG 9/23/1981
2 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. West facing slopes of Kamiloloa. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Norman, J. K. UNK. 7 Molokai US 3/13/1992
3 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. west facing slopes of kamiloloa. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. norman unk. 7 Molokai US 3/13/1992
4 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. Upper Reservoir PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hughes, G. 306 Molokai US 1992-00-00
5 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. Pukoo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E. Y. 1856 Molokai US 4/19/1937
6 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. pukoo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. y. hosaka 1856 Molokai US 4/19/1937
7 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. Hamakua District, just below Mauna Kea State Park Disturbed woodland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W. L.; Lorence, D. H.; Meilleur, B. 5992 Hawaii US 3/14/1988
8 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. East fork of Kawela Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 9893 Molokai US 5/5/2028
9 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. east fork of kawela valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 9893 Molokai US 5/5/1928
10 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. hamakua district, just below mauna kea state park Disturbed woodland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner, d. h. lorence & b. meilleur 5992 Hawaii US 3/14/1988
11 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. kalaupapa; upper waikolu on ridge above intake tunnel rock PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wysong, m.l. collector number: 744 Molokai BISH 3/30/2005
12 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. Pukoo near beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 1856 Molokai BISH 4/19/1937
13 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. Olinda on NW slope of Haleakala Massif, in garden of Mr. Weir PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Iltis, H. H. H-442 Maui US 8/4/1967
14 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. p.t.a. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hawaii US
15 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. East fork of Kawela Valley barren grassy hillcrests PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 9893 Molokai BISH 5/5/1928
16 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. Saddle road, 33 miles from Hilo Growing on `a`a with Heterotheca grandiflora and Pellaea ternifolia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. 606 Hawaii BISH 9/23/1981
17 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. Saddle road, 33 miles from Hilo Growing on `a`a with Heterotheca grandiflora and Pellaea ternifolia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. Collector Number: 606 Hawaii BISH 9/23/1981
18 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. hale pohaku, mauna kea in crevasses and among rocks PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. kimura, b. collector number: 1718 Hawaii BISH 7/17/1978
19 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. Kamiloloa in grass in the center of the forest road and on disturbed game trails, occasional to locally comm PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2347 Molokai BISH 4/17/1985
20 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. East Maui, along Haleakala Highway PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2565 Maui BISH 5/21/1986
21 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. Kaunakakai AHU; Tr 2 (23/24); Kaulolo, ridge above N fork of Kaunakakai Gulch; W on narrow rd dry native shrub community with scattered mixed trees PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Jacobi, J.D. 1428 Molokai BISH 6/25/1979
22 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. East Maui, Olinda, Hawea Place, Large lawn Rural residential area on mowed slope. Associated vegetation: Pennisetum clandestinum, Persea, Oleander. On weathered ash substrate. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Starr, F. 020310-1 Maui BISH 3/10/2002
23 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. east maui, olinda, hawea place, large lawn In depression below reservoir. Cattle may wander into this area periodically. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN starr, f. martz, k. collector number: 020310-1 Kauai BISH 3/10/2002
24 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. mauna kea; pohakuloa burn 1979. pohakuloa above pohakuloa military camp PRESERVED_SPECIMEN adee, k.t. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH
25 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. central PRESERVED_SPECIMEN uehara, s. Molokai BISH 4/23/1962
26 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. saddle road, 33 miles from hilo Growing on `a`a with Heterotheca grandiflora and Pellaea ternifolia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. collector number: 606 Hawaii BISH 9/23/1981
27 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. east fork of kawela valley mouth PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 9893 Lanai BISH 5/5/1928
28 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. east maui, makawao district, aapueo, in the kula 200 subdivision, home on alokele pl PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h79922 Kauai BISH 7/11/1999
29 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. transect 1, west makakupaia ridge open-mixed shrub PRESERVED_SPECIMEN char, w.p. hall; funk; buelow collector number: 82.010 Molokai BISH 11/26/1982
30 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. Kalaupapa; upper Waikolu on ridge above intake tunnel rock PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wysong, M.L. 744 Molokai BISH 3/30/2005
31 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. Puu Laau, hunter's cabin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5213 Hawaii BISH 1/18/1975
32 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. East Maui, Olinda, Hawea Place, Large lawn Rural residential area on mowed slope. Associated vegetation: Pennisetum clandestinum, Persea, Oleander. On weathered ash substrate. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Starr, F. Martz, K. Collector Number: 020310-1 Maui BISH 3/10/2002
33 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. East Maui, Makawao District, Aapueo, in the Kula 200 subdivision, home on Alokele Pl Growing in gravel driveway; many plants seen. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H79922 Maui BISH 7/11/1999
34 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. pukoo near beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 1856 Molokai BISH 4/19/1937
35 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. kaunakakai ahu; tr 2 (23/24); kaulole, ridge above n fork of kaunakakai gulch; w on narrow rd dry native shrub community with scattered mixed trees PRESERVED_SPECIMEN jacobi, j.d. higashino, p.k. collector number: 1428 Molokai BISH 6/25/1979
36 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. east maui, along haleakala highway PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2565 Kauai BISH 5/21/1986
37 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. Hale Pohaku, Mauna Kea in crevasses and among rocks PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 1718 Hawaii BISH 7/17/1978
38 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. hauola w trail heavily deer-grazed ridge below forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2578 Lanai BISH 7/7/1986
39 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. puu laau, hunter's cabin wet bank PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 5213 Oahu BISH 1/18/1985
40 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. Makai of Maunahui exposed, bare, clay ridges with Gnaphalium PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 24955 Molokai BISH 7/30/1958
41 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. Transect 1, west Makakupaia Ridge open-mixed shrub PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Char, W.P. 82.01 Molokai BISH 11/26/1982
42 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. kamiloloa, jeep trail Edge of and hummecks in bog PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. et al. collector number: 4935 Kauai BISH 8/1/1983
43 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. central PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Uehara, S. 3 Molokai BISH 4/23/1962
44 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. Kamiloloa, Jeep Trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 4935 Molokai BISH 8/1/1983
45 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. n kona, keauhou 2 ahu, tr 56(top); saddle area btwn mauna loa and hualalai, w of 1899 lava flow PRESERVED_SPECIMEN jacobi, j.d. et al. collector number: 1186 Oahu BISH 8/10/1978
46 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. kamiloloa in grass in the center of the forest road and on disturbed game trails, occasional to locally comm PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2347 Molokai BISH 4/17/1985
47 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. Hauola W trail heavily deer-grazed ridge below forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2578 Lanai BISH 7/7/1986
48 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. makai of maunahui exposed, bare, clay ridges with Gnaphalium PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 24955 Molokai BISH 7/30/1958
49 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. Mauna Kea; Pohakuloa burn 1979. Pohakuloa above Pohakuloa Military Camp PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Adee, K.T. s.n. Hawaii BISH
50 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. N Kona, Keauhou 2 AHU, Tr 56(top); Saddle area btwn Mauna Loa and Hualalai, W of 1899 lava flow Dry ohia forest with mixed native trees and a native shrub and mixed grass understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Jacobi, J.D. 1186 Hawaii BISH 8/10/1978
51 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. olinda on nw slope of haleakala massif, in garden of mr. weir rain, on rocks and logs in guava thcket PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. h. iltis h-442 MU 8/4/1967
52 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. Saddle Road (Hwy 200), at mile marker 43. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 2288 Hawaii PTBG 8/7/1987
53 Wahlenbergia gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. E. Maui. Aapuea, Kula 200 subdivision. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H60029 Maui PTBG 6/4/2000