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Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Santalopsida  Order: Santalales Family: Santalaceae Genus: Santalum

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or trees 3–10 m tall. Apparently hemiparasitic on roots of other plants.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite or rarely alternate. Blades ovate, elliptic, or obovate, (2.5–)5.5–6(–8) cm long, (2–)2.54.5 cm wide. Surfaces evergreen ± conspicuously discolorous; upper surfaces glossy orange or bluish green on upper surface; lower surfaces conspicuously paler, sometimes yellowish orange to bluish or olive green; blades coriaceous to chartaceous, brittle. Margins entire. Petioles 2–15 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in terminal and ± axillary, compound cymes. Flowers bisexual (perfect), with a sweet fragrance, greenish in bud, about as long as wide. Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla greenish, tinged with brown, orange, or salmon after opening, 4– 8 mm long. Stamens 4(5). Ovary inferior; stigma 2–4-lobed.

Fruit: Drupes purple to black at maturity; 10–12 mm long; with an apical receptacular ring. Seeds muricate; with pointed beak on one end.

Ploidy: 2n = 40*

Habitat: Scattered in dry woodland on lava or on cinder cones; to higher elevation wet forest or secondary <i>Metrosideros</i> forest.

Elevation Range: 450–2,000 (–2,550) m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1222 (H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum huehue to puuwaawaa, n. koua, hawaii, alt. 2000-3000 feet PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 3728 MICH 6/6/1909
2 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Mauna Kea, Saddle area, between Omaokoili and Puu Nene PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wakida, C. Collector Number: ESP 324 Hawaii BISH 8/11/1981
3 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum n kona, pohakuloa training area, ~0.6 km n of bobcat trail, ~ 2.0 air km sw of jct. of bobcat and horizonatal trails Metrosideros, Myrsine lanaiensis, Dodonaea viscosa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN close, b. popolizio, c. collector number: 1194-16 Hawaii BISH 10/15/1994
4 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Mauna Kea, Saddle area, between Omaokoili and Puu Nene PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wakida, C. ESP 324 Hawaii BISH 8/11/1981
5 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum N Kona, Pohakuloa training area, ~0.6 km N of Bobcat Trail, ~ 2.0 air km SW of jct. of Bobcat and Horizonatal trails Metrosideros, Myrsine lanaiensis, Dodonaea viscosa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Close, B. 1194-16 Hawaii BISH 10/15/1994
6 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Hawa?» - Belt road, Puna PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. & I. Degener G 6/5/1972
7 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum island of hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wilkes expedition MCTC
8 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum puna, hawaii. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener degener s.n. MO 3/2/1974
9 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum fern forest estates, east of belt road, puna Scrubby metrosideros forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 32769 NY 6/5/1972
10 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum mauna kea, saddle area, between omaokoili and puu nene PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wakida, c. collector number: esp 324 Hawaii BISH 8/11/1981
11 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Kaupulehu Preserve at mile 28 along Mamalahoa Hwy (Hawaii Belt Road). Elev. 600-640m. Remnant dry forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence s.n. Hawaii PTBG 9/5/1996
12 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Kupelehu, along belt road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fredericks, L. s.n. Hawaii US 12/1/1946
13 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum makaopuhi-kalapana trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN b. c. stone 2940 Hawaii US 6/24/1959
14 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum volcano kilauea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes, w. t. brigham & c. l. thompson s.n. Hawaii US
15 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum N. Kona, Puu Waawaa, along Huehue PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kondo, Y.; Ning, W. S. 111 1/2 Hawaii US 7/24/1946
16 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum saddle road, in kipuka near junction of mona kea road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. darwin 1169 Maui US 8/8/1975
17 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Makaopuhi-Kalapana trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B. C. 2940 Hawaii US 6/24/1959
18 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum North Hilo District, Saddle Road, kipuka just below Powerline Road on North side Forest, open understory PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W. L.; Lorence, D. H.; Meilleur, B. 5987 Hawaii US 3/14/1988
19 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum flat east of kilauea military camp. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 33305 Hawaii US 2/12/1951
20 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum nw hawaii, koaia tree sactuary, 5 mi nw of waimea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. l. little jr. 31086 Hawaii US 8/18/1976
21 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum puu nene, humuula sheep station. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 916 Hawaii US 2/13/1968
22 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum kilauea, bird park, hawaii national park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john, r. bean & e. y. hosaka 11250 Hawaii US 12/22/1931
23 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Flat east of Kilauea Military Camp. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F. R. 33305 Hawaii US 2/12/1951
24 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Makaopuhi-Kalapana trail, Hawaii National Park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B. C. 2937 Hawaii US 6/24/1959
25 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum In Wooded kipuka Manuka Mauka PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H.; Hashimoto, E. Y.; Hosaka, E. Y. 11342 Hawaii US 12/26/1931
26 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum in wooded kipuka manuka mauka PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john, e. hashimoto & e. y. hosaka 11342 Oahu US 12/26/1931
27 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum north hilo district, saddle road, kipuka just below powerline road on north side Forest, open understory PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner, d. h. lorence & b. meilleur 5987 Hawaii US 3/14/1988
28 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum kupelehu, along belt road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. fredericks s.n. Hawaii US
29 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Kaupulehu Forest Reserve, part of a kipuka, growing adjacent to the Kaupuleho Lava Flow. Dry forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stern, W. L.; Stewart, N. S.; Owen, D.; Morimoto, H. 3122 Hawaii US 3/28/1974
30 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum kaupulehu forest reserve, part of a kipuka, growing adjacent to the kaupuleho lava flow. Dry forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. stern, n. stewart, d. owen & h. morimoto 3122 Hawaii US 3/28/1974
31 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum North Kona District, Pu`u Waa Waa Ranch, in Acacia koa pasture area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R.; Spence, G. 5481 Hawaii US 9/24/1975
32 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum NW Hawaii, Koaia Tree Sactuary, 5 mi NW of Waimea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Little Jr., E. L. 31086 Hawaii US 8/18/1976
33 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Flat east of Kilauea Military Camp. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F. R. 33302 Hawaii US 2/12/1951
34 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Kilauea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J. F. 8770 Oahu US 8/11/2020
35 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Puu Nene, Humuula Sheep Station. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 916 Hawaii US 2/13/1968
36 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum volcanoes nat'l park, chain of craters rd., about 3 miles from junction with the crater rim rd. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. h. sohmer 6336 Hawaii US 1/8/1970
37 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum South of ocean view, below Highway in Kipuka. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 13376A Hawaii PTBG 1/13/1994
38 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. w. flynn & r. meilleur 3164 Maui US
39 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Saddle Road, in kipuka near junction of Mona Kea Road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Darwin, S. P. 1169 Hawaii US 8/8/1975
40 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Kilauea, Bird Park, Hawaii National Park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H.; Bean, R. S.; Hosaka, E. Y. 11250 Hawaii US 12/22/1931
41 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum kaalapuuwale, kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 228.h. Hawaii US 6/21/1911
42 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum n. kona, puu waawaa, along huehue PRESERVED_SPECIMEN y. kondo & w. ning 111 1/2 Hawaii US 7/24/1946
43 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum 3 miles w of volcano house, in nat'l park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. s. henrickson 4069b Hawaii US 8/6/1969
44 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Kawaihae, DHHL Survey, Supp. Sta. P; pasture above Kiawe Forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. P.; Gon, S.; Perry, L. 10289 Hawaii US 8/4/1989
45 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum ka`upulehu, fenced area PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner 4902 Hawaii US
46 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum kilauea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 8770 Kauai US
47 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum 3 miles W of Volcano House, in Nat'l Park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Henrickson, J. S. 4069b Hawaii US 8/6/1969
48 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum chain of craters PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hawaii US
49 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. b. hillebrand 17? Hawaii US
50 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum slopes of mauna kea (waiki) PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 460.h. Hawaii US
51 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum lua pele (hale-maumau). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wilkes explor. exped. s.n. Maui US 1838-08-08
52 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum district of north kona. hwy 190 (mamalahoa hwy) at mile marker 28 between kona and kamuwela. kaupulehu preserve PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. w. flynn & r. meilleur 3164 Hawaii US 10/3/1988
53 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Volcanoes Nat'l Park, Chain of Craters rd., about 3 miles from junction with the Crater Rim rd. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Sohmer, S. H. 6336 Hawaii US 1/8/1970
54 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum flat east of kilauea military camp. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 33302 Hawaii US 2/12/1951
55 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Kaalapuuwale, Kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 228.H. Hawaii US 6/21/2011
56 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum makaopuhi-kalapana trail, hawaii national park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN b. c. stone 2937 Hawaii US 6/24/1959
57 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum kawaihae, dhhl survey, supp. sta. p; pasture above kiawe forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. perlman, s. gon & l. perry 10289 Hawaii US 8/4/1989
58 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum north kona district, pu`u waa waa ranch, in acacia koa pasture area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & g. spence 5481 Hawaii US 9/24/1975
59 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Slopes of Mauna Kea (Waiki) PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 460.H. Hawaii US 8/11/2020
60 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum District of North Kona. Hwy 190 (Mamalahoa Hwy) at mile marker 28 between Kona and Kamuwela. Kaupulehu Preserve PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. W.; Meilleur, R. 3164 Hawaii US 10/3/1988
61 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum saddle road, 6500' PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 916 Hawaii US 2/13/1968
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