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Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia

(Ging.) W.L.Wagner, D.R.Herbst & Sohmer (1989)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Violaceae Genus: Viola

‘olopū, pāmakani

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Branched plants with short lateral branches.

Stems: Stems rooting along lower part when decumbent, glabrous or pubescent.

Roots: Taprooted.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate, clustered toward upper part of branch. Blades deltate–ovate to deltate–cordate or rarely cordate, usually 5–29 cm long, (2–)2.5–9 cm wide. Apex long-acuminate or acuminate. Base truncate to cordate. Surfaces glabrous or lower surfaces pubescent. Margins dentate–serrate. Petioles (0.6–)1.5–8 cm long. Stipules asymmetrically broadly deltate or deltate, 5–16 mm long, 2–7 mm wide, remotely glandular–toothed and somewhat irregularly lacerate near apex, rarely further down along margins.

Flowers: Flowers 1–(2) per peduncle, axillary on stems and lateral branches, peduncles 8–60 mm long, pedicels 20–70 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect); apparently all chasmogamous. Calyx of 5 sepals, subequal, linear–lanceolate, glabrous or pubescent, imbricate, margins ± ciliate, upper sepal ca. 5–8 mm long, lateral ones ca. 5.5–9 mm long, lower ones ca. 5–8 mm long. Corolla zygomorphic, consisting of 5 distinct petals, these unequal, lateral ones smaller than upper pair, petals white tinged purple, especially toward base, lower surface usually tinged darker purple, obliquely spatulate, ± ciliate toward base, upper petals 10–21 mm long, lateral ones 10.5–23 mm long, lower one 11.3–22.5 mm long, saccate at base. Stamens 5, 4.2–4.5 mm long, connective of lower ones prolonged into a nose–shaped or straight, broadly rectangular-cuneate structure ca. 1–2.5 mm long; staminal filaments coherent around ovary; anther connective of lower Stamens prolonged into an appendage, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 3-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal; ovules numerous per placenta, anatropous; style 1.

Fruit: Capsules with loculicidal dehiscence; (10–)12–17(–20) mm long; elastically dehiscent by rigid keels and thin valve walls. Seeds numerous; dark brown to nearly black; obovoid; 1.8–2.3 mm long; seed coat somewhat leathery; dull; apex rounded; with fleshy; oily endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 80*

Habitat: Mesic to wet forest.

Elevation Range: 330–1,890 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 29: 117 (1989)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1333 (K, O, Mo, M)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Range Along the crest trail from Mauna Kapu to Mt Pakikea Shade or fully exposed Preserved_Specimen 15-30 cm tall, flowers white flushed pink Hutchison, P.C. 2802 Oahu BISH 1965-05-16
2 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Koolau Mts Waialae Iki Trail, Waialae, ridge of Pali On sides of ridges in partial shade, with Bobea, Clermontia, Psidium, etc. Preserved_Specimen Small single-stemmed shrub, flowers white, purple-tinged Stone, B.C. 1199 Oahu BISH 1956-03-11
3 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Koolau Range, Manoa Cliff Trail Moist forest Preserved_Specimen Flowers white Fosberg, F.R. 12223 Oahu BISH 1935-07-13
4 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Wainiha-Manoa Ridge; just S of Kulanaililia Wet forest on ridge top Preserved_Specimen 1.5 ft shrub; flowers white with rosy tinge underneath Christensen, C. 282 Kauai BISH 1977-07-30
5 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Koolau Mts Manoa-Palolo Ridge, above Woodlawn Moist, mossy, wooded ridge Preserved_Specimen Shrubs up to 6 dm tall, flowers pale lavender, throat closed or almost so Fosberg, F.R. 13703 Oahu BISH 1937-04-17
6 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Near Laianui [sp?] Along sunny stream near begining of pipeline Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3369 Molokai BISH 1928-05-18
7 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Hapapa interval Subcrest forest, common on bare dirt under Myrsine lessertiana & Pelea sp Preserved_Specimen Most plants sterile Takeuchi, W.N. 3909 Oahu BISH 1988-07-17
8 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts., Pukaloa Gulch, above Schofield, off ridge trail to Puu Kalena, near Kumakalii In Metrosideros lowland wet forest with Alyxia, Canthium, Nestegis, Chamaesyce, Psidium, Antidesma, Pleomele, Claoxylon, Urera, Nothocestrum longiflorum, Zanthoxylum, Embelia, Pisonia, Bobea, Psychotria, Scaevola, Melicope, Astelia, Labordia, Perrottetia. Plants on steep areas. Preserved_Specimen With flower and fruit. Perlman, S. 5641 Oahu BISH 1987-04-01
9 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Near Makua In summer-dry community with Bonamia 3204 Preserved_Specimen All plants betw 3-4 ft ht Takeuchi, W.N. 3202 Oahu BISH 1987-01-01
10 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Ridge above Kupehau, Waianae Mts, Honouliuli Moist forest in shade Preserved_Specimen Flowers white inside and outside Fosberg, F.R. 10984 Oahu BISH 1935-06-30
11 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts; Honouliuli; Puu Hapapa Upper woods Preserved_Specimen 1-5 1/2 ft tall; petals white or tinged with violet or pink St.John, H. 10412 Oahu BISH 1930-03-16
12 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kuaokala Upper reaches of Manini gulch Growing under Styphelia brush, in high quality remnant community with Bonamia, Rauvolfia, Tetraplasandra, & Bidens Preserved_Specimen 2 ft plants Takeuchi, W.N. 2297 Oahu BISH 1985-07-14
13 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Between Puu Manawahua & Mauna Kapu Shrubby forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20838 Oahu BISH 1950-06-28
14 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kamakou Preserve, Puu Kolekole. Along old 4wd road at base of Puu Kolekole. Preserved_Specimen Havran, J.C. 2004 Molokai BISH 2007-07-01
15 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Puu Kapu Rain forest Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1579 Oahu BISH 1931-02-12
16 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia S slope of Haleakala, in gulch between Kahua Crater and Nawini Shade, in remant of rich montane rainforest but near upper limit of this (grading into Sophora-Myoporum association.) Preserved_Specimen Minature tree 5 ft tall. Flower very pale purple. Hatheway, W.H. 481 Maui BISH 1950-11-24
17 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Nanakuli Among grasses Preserved_Specimen Plants to 3 ft height Takeuchi, W.N. 2906 Oahu BISH 1983-09-01
18 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kawela Gulch, east Kawela, TNC survey, Kamakou In Metrosideros-Styphelia lowland mesic shrubland with Dodonaea, Vaccinium, Psychotria, Wikstroemia, Sadleria, Broussaisia, Dubautia linearis, Lysimachia, Viola, Pipturus, Scaevola, Urera glabra, Lantana, Melinis minutiflora. Preserved_Specimen With flower and fruit. Perlman, S. 6645 Molokai BISH 1987-10-22
19 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kamakou Preserve, Kawela Section, jeep road along S side of Onini Gulch Growing under `a`ali`i in native scrub with `ulei and pilo. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 1/2' tall. Flowers white. Cuddihy, L.W. 1216 Molokai BISH 1982-05-28
20 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts., Waianae Kai, Makaha Valley side, below Kamaileunu Ridge near Puu Kawiwi, spur ridge In diverse mesic forest with Alyxia, Eragrostis, Artemisia, Nestegis, Hibiscus, Alectryon, Diospyros, Antidesma, Schinus, Tetraplasandra, Aleurites, Zanthoxylum, Embelia, Bobea, Psychotria, Scaevola, Melicope, Astelia. Preserved_Specimen With flowers. Perlman, S. 7053 Oahu BISH 1987-12-06
21 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Puu Kapu Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1573 Oahu BISH 1931-02-12
22 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kauai Waimea District. Waialae, headwater strealet just south of Kaluahaulu Ridge Trail. Acacia-Metrosideros montane mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Pouteria sandwicensis, Diospyros sandwicensis, Santalum pyrularum, Chrysodracon aurea, Pittosporum glabrum, Cheirodendron trigynum, Ilex anomala, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Claox Preserved_Specimen Shrub, single woody stem to 2 meters, with old capsules, occasional. Wood, K.R. 17527 Kauai BISH 2017-09-05
23 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Range Ridge running seaward from cabin just below Palikea On dry ridge Preserved_Specimen Shrub 0.5 m high, flowers pinkish-white. Common. Cowan, R.S. 905 Oahu BISH 1948-03-26
24 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Manoa Cliff Trail, Honolulu Ledge in open woods. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11620 Oahu BISH 1932-04-10
25 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts Puu Hapapa, Honouliuli Dry ridge Preserved_Specimen Tree violet Inafuku, R. Oahu BISH 1930-10-19
26 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts N fork of valley E of Palikea, Honouliuli Shaded stream bank Preserved_Specimen Leaves large, flowers whitish St.John, H. 10355 Oahu BISH 1930-02-23
27 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kawela AHU Ridge betw W fork of Kawela & Onini Gulches Dry native shrub community with scattered mixed native trees Preserved_Specimen Flowers white with slight pink tinge Stemmermann, R.L. 3908 Molokai BISH 1979-07-14
28 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts, Puu Hapapa In scrub Preserved_Specimen Shrub, flowers dirty-yellow, with fruits Christophersen, E. 1285 Oahu BISH 1930-03-16
29 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waialae-Iki Wiliwilinui Ridge Patch of woods containing Bobea, Myrsine, & Osmanthus Preserved_Specimen Stems 3-7 dm tall St.John, H. 25794 Oahu BISH 1956-03-03
30 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Koolau Range, Halawa Ridge Trail Dry ridge Preserved_Specimen Flowers white with red veins Cowan, R.S. 974 Oahu BISH 1948-04-25
31 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Hapapa Summer-dry slopes, extending from weedy crestline to lower slopes with Hedyotis schlectendahliana, Coprosma longifolia, Dubautia plantaginea, & Antidesma platyphyllum Preserved_Specimen 2-4 ft branching plants Takeuchi, W.N. 3061 Oahu BISH 1986-12-01
32 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Ridge W of E Makaleha Stream Dry, open forest of Metrosideros polymorpha Preserved_Specimen Miniature tree to 3 ft tall Hatheway, W.H. 360 Oahu BISH 1950-09-15
33 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Mt. Kaala Ridge 1/4 mi W of W branch of Makaleha Gulch with Metrosideros, Alsinodendron, Bidens, maile, quava, etc Preserved_Specimen Flowers white, streaked with purple Gagné, B.H. Oahu BISH 1978-09-17
34 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts, Puu Hapapa, Honouliuli Upper woods Preserved_Specimen 1-5 1/2 ft tall, petals white or tinged without with violet or pink St.John, H. 10412 Oahu BISH 1930-03-16
35 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Mokuleia Top of Kapuahikahi Mossy partly shaded slope of decayed rock Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20659 Oahu BISH 1950-05-07
36 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kawela Gulch, east Kawela, TNC survey, Kamakou In Metrosideros-Styphelia lowland mesic shrubland with Dodonaea, Vaccinium, Psychotria, Wikstroemia, Sadleria, Broussaisia, Dubautia linearis, Lysimachia, Viola, Pipturus, Scaevola, Urera glabra, Lantana, Melinis minutiflora. Preserved_Specimen With flower and fruit. Perlman, S. 6645 Molokai BISH 1987-10-22
37 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Range, Honouliuli Main divide, NW of Puu Kanehoa Edge of woods Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1-5 ft tall, flowers white or pink or magenta-tinged without St.John, H. 14004 Oahu BISH 1934-01-07
38 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Puu Alii NAR, SW section, Hanalilolilo montane wet forest, 8 m canopy, 50% open; Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Coprosma ochracea, Cibotium glaucum, Sadleria pallida, Freycinetia arborea, Astelia menziesiana, Hedyotis terminalis, Nertera granadensis; borders of bog Preserved_Specimen terrestrial sub shrub, few branched Wood, K.R. 11245 Molokai BISH 2005-04-26
39 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Makolelau AHU In gulch along ridge S of Puu Kolekole Dry native shrub community with scattered mixed native trees Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 3872 Molokai BISH 1979-06-20
40 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts, Maunauna Valley 3 mi S of Puu Hapapa, head of valley, on ridge trail In dry open woods, among native shrubs & trees Preserved_Specimen Plants 3-4 ft x 1/2 in Pearsall, G.A. Oahu BISH 1958-10-06
41 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts Summit ridge from Palehua-Palikea to Pahakea Pass, on E side of ridge On steep slope covered with Casuarina needles from last group of trees on ridge before it drops down above old hunters, cabin (roof visible) Preserved_Specimen 2 stems no more than 2 ft tall, others shorter or decumbent. Flowers white, flushed with lavender on undersides of corolla, darker at base. Long stems, reaching above leaves, flowers wide open, (early afternoon), faint sweet scent- stronger next day Leaves crisp green. No more than 10 plants in population & one solitary plant several ft away on dry ridge. Others in partial shade. Davis, J. Oahu BISH 1978-02-05
42 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Mt. Kaala Ridge 1/4 mi W of W branch of Makaleha Gulch with Metrosideros, Alsinodendron, Bidens, maile, quava, etc Preserved_Specimen Flowers white, streaked with purple Gagné, B.H. Oahu BISH 1978-09-17
43 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Small W tributary of Waiakuilani Gulch In understory in degraded area. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Diospyros, Leptecophylla, Dodonaea, Osteomeles, Sida, Wikstroemia, Bidens, Sphenomeris, Doryopteris, Phyllanthus, Luzula, Carex, Coprosma, Asplenium. Preserved_Specimen Small woody, sparingly branched or unbranched shrubs to 1m tall; flowers white, fragrant. Oppenheimer, H.L. 60708 Molokai BISH 2007-06-07
44 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Mokuleia District, Kaaawa-Kamokunui Ridge Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7042 Oahu BISH 1934-07-11
45 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Nanakuli, Waianae Mts Betw Mauna Kapu & Puu Mana Wahua Second-growth forest of Acacia koa & Metrosideros polymorpha Preserved_Specimen Shrubby, with woody stem 1-3 ft tall, flowers & fruit; Abundant. Hatheway, W.H. 90 Oahu BISH 1950-06-28
46 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts, Puu Kanehoa, Honouliuli Somewhat open spaces Preserved_Specimen Ho, P. Oahu BISH 1930-10-19
47 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kuaokala Plateau, unnamed ridge On windward slopes In low growing Grevillea & Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2428 Oahu BISH 1985-09-01
48 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts, Mokuleia Puu Kaala, second gulch E of Puu Kaupakuhale Wooded ridge Preserved_Specimen Flowers white, purplish outside Fosberg, F.R. 8928 Oahu BISH 1932-10-23
49 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Honolulu Manoa Cliff Trail Ledge in open woods Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1826 Oahu BISH 1912-04-26
50 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kamaileunu On moderate slopes Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3562 Oahu BISH 1987-05-24
51 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts, Maunauna Valley 3 mi S of Puu Hapapa, at head of valley along a ridge trail In dry open woods on side of ridge, growing with Straussia, Koa, Pelea & other plants Preserved_Specimen Plants 3-4 ft talls, stem 1/2 in diameter Pearsall, G.A. Oahu BISH 1958-10-06
52 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts Near Puu Kaua on N side of peak below ridge crest, E side of large cones below Kaua Native pocket with Dubautia sherffiana, Zanthoxylum semiarticulatum, Rumex, Artemisia, Bidens, Ohia, Psychotria Preserved_Specimen Plants 1-2 ft tall, flowers white Perlman, S. 5243 Oahu BISH 1987-02-22
53 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Mauna Kapu Summit forest. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10135 Oahu BISH 1935-12-16
54 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Range, Makaha-Waianae Kai Puu Kawiwi Mt, Kaala Ridge Wooded ridge Preserved_Specimen Small tuft is all but root of a young plant, erect shrub 1 m tall, flower whitish St.John, H. 17569 Oahu BISH 1935-03-31
55 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Ridge S of Puu Hapapa field no. Waianae 198 Locally common in remnant forest Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2036 Oahu BISH 1985-03-01
56 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kawela AHU Tr 5(20), along W fork of Kawela Gulch, NW side of ridge Mesic `ohi`a forest with other native trees & a native shrub, matted-fern understory Preserved_Specimen 2m tall, corolla white with faint violet veins on outer surface of lobes Warshauer, F.R. 2338 Molokai BISH 1979-06-21
57 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Gully SE of Puu Kolekole Growing with pukiawe, `a`ali`i, na`ena`e, and manono in remnant dry forest of `ohi`a, hame, olopua & pilo Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4 ft tall, flowers white, capsules green Cuddihy, L.W. 1156 Molokai BISH 1982-05-24
58 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts, Palikea Trail. Shady trail side near Ohia trees. Preserved_Specimen Small plants with fruit and flowers. Harbin-Ching, S. 144 Oahu BISH 2021-11-04
59 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Mt. Kaala Ridge 1/4 mi W of W branch of Makaleha Gulch with Metrosideros, Alsinodendron, Bidens, maile, quava, etc Preserved_Specimen Flowers white, streaked with purple Gagné, B.H. Oahu BISH 1978-09-17
60 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Puu Hapapa In scrub Preserved_Specimen Shrub, flowers dirty yellow, with fruits Christophersen, E. 1285 Oahu BISH 1930-03-16
61 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia East Maui, Kaupo Gapl Crater of Haleakala (Stone wall) Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1127 Maui BISH 1919-08-14
62 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Mokuleia, Waianae Mts Jct of Pahole, Makaleha, & Makua Gulches, about 100 yards from Viola 493 Rich closed forest, dominated by Metrosideros polymorpha, with Cyanea sp, Pelea, Gouldia, etc. Preserved_Specimen Flowers pure white, very striking, fragrant Hatheway, W.H. 494 Oahu BISH 1950-12-14
63 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Nawaimaka drainage Acacia-Metrosideros mesic forest, open to closed canopy, riparian with moderate to steep banks. W/ Kadua affinis, Dodonaea, Leptecophylla tameiameiae, Psychotria mariniana, Antidesma platyphylla, Pouteria, Xylosma hawaiiense, Alyxia stellata, Chamaesyce atrococca, Carex alligata, Cyrtandra kauai Preserved_Specimen shrub, up to 2.5 m tall, few branched, stems gray-brown Wood, K.R. 13827 Kauai BISH 2009-07-16
64 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts; Waianaeuka E ridge of Puu Kalena Moist wet forest Preserved_Specimen White flowers Harting, M. Oahu BISH 1936-03-22
65 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts Puu Kaua, Honouliuli On wooded ridge Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12186 Oahu BISH 1932-11-06
66 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Near Makua Growing by Viola 3202 in habitat with summer drought Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3203 Oahu BISH 1987-01-01
67 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Koolau Mts, Ewa forest reserve Kalauao-Waimalu Ridge Wooded ridge Preserved_Specimen Flowers whitish St.John, H. 13109 Oahu BISH 1933-04-20
68 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Near summit of Kukui Trail, Waimea Growing in dry, shaded area. Preserved_Specimen Slender, sparingly branched shrub, to about 6 ft tall. Flowers white with purple streakings. Herbst, D.R. 1090 Kauai BISH 1968-04-27
69 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts; Palehua Ridge Large leaved sp from left side of trail; small leaved sp from right side of trail Shaded with Metrosideros, Dubautia, etc Preserved_Specimen Large leaved sp about 4 ft tall, branching; small leaved sp 1 ft tall. Flowers of both white, flushed with pink Davis, J. Oahu BISH 1978-02-05
70 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts Betw Puu Kaua & Kanehoa Pk, above Kunia Camp On side of ridge with Pelea, Straussia, etc. Preserved_Specimen Woody herb, 1-4 ft high, flowers bluish-white or white; capsule fruit Pearsall, G.A. 503 Oahu BISH 1960-05-19
71 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Koolau Range, Halawa Ridge Trail Dry ridge Preserved_Specimen Flowers white with red veins Cowan, R.S. 974 Oahu BISH 1948-04-25
72 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Keawapilau Gulch Steep notrhwest facing below dividing ridge between Lapuna & Keawapilau w/Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Schiedea nuttallii. Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 633 Oahu BISH 1991-01-19
73 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Koolau Mts Palolo-Waialae nui Ridge Shaded gulch Preserved_Specimen Shrub up to 2 ft at this station Wilbur, R.L. 350 Oahu BISH 1947-11-28
74 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Near summit of Kukui Trail, Waimea Growing in dry, shaded area Preserved_Specimen Slender, sparingly branched shrub to about 6 ft tall. Fls white with purple streakings. Herbst, D.R. 1090 Kauai BISH 1968-04-27
75 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Mokuleia; Waianae Range Ridge betw Pahole & Keawapilau Gulches, near jct with Makaleha-Makua Ridge Rich moist ridge forest with Metrosideros, Pelea, Pittosporum, Acacia koa, Cyanea sp, Gouldia, etc. Preserved_Specimen Miniature tree 3.5 ft tall, flowers greenish-white (more nearly white than green; definitely not creamy white or purple) Hatheway, W.H. 493 Oahu BISH 1950-12-14
76 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts, Pohakea Pass Occasional on wooded ridge Preserved_Specimen Plant 1-2 ft tall, fls white. Hosaka, E.Y. 2437 Oahu BISH 1939-01-12
77 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Wailau Valley, Kukuinui Ridge Moist woods Preserved_Specimen Flowers cream colored, the stem decumbent at base St.John, H. 13270 Molokai BISH 1933-07-04
78 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kalamaula AHU S of Mokomoko Gulch Mesic exotic tree community wht some native trees & native & exotic grass-shrub u/s Preserved_Specimen Flowers white Stemmermann, R.L. 3934 Molokai BISH 1979-07-16
79 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kalaupapa NHP, SW section of reserve, Hanalilolilo, Puu Alii 2 Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest Preserved_Specimen Terrestrial sub-shrub, few branched, occasional at border of bog Wood, K.R. 11245 Molokai BISH 2005-04-26
80 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Haleauau Valley Undergrowth in lower forest Preserved_Specimen Erect herb 30-40 cm high, flowers white to pale purple Bryan Jr., E.H. 855 Oahu BISH 1934-11-13
81 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Hapapa Summer-dry slopes, extending from weedy crestline to lower slopes with Hedyotis schlectendahliana, Coprosma longifolia, Dubautia plantaginea, & Antidesma platyphyllum Preserved_Specimen 2-4 ft branching plants Takeuchi, W.N. 3061 Oahu BISH 1986-12-01
82 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Along Kukui trail; middle of Waimea Canyon In dry Acacia kauaiensis forest; with Styphelia tameiameiae; Psidium guajava; & Dodonaea viscosa Preserved_Specimen Woody sparsely-branched shrub; up to 10 ft in ht (usually leaning if this long) Carlquist, S. 1984 Kauai BISH 1966-07-12
83 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Palehua-Palikea trail On trail above ranger's hut Preserved_Specimen Flowers cream, 2 lower petals tinged on outside of tube with lavender streaks; lvs pale yellow-green, crisp. Plant 3-8 inches tall Greenwell, A.B.H. 19270 Oahu BISH 1948-05-08
84 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Range Palikea Trail, about 12.8 K NW Farrington Hwy, betw Palikea Peak & Lualualei Valley overlook Narrow ridge of decomposing lava, with Exocarpos, Bidens, Styphelia, Dubautia, Viola, Sadleria, Coprosma, Lobelia association Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 1358 Oahu BISH 1963-10-05
85 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Olympus-Konahuanui Trail On wet shaded rocks Preserved_Specimen Bergman, H.F. Oahu BISH 1928-02-25
86 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Range Kunia Trail, just E of Puu Kanehoa Preserved_Specimen Flowers pure white Stone, B.C. 3316 Oahu BISH 1960-03-26
87 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Range, Palehua In valley Preserved_Specimen Student at University of Hawaii Oahu BISH 1931-11-22
88 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kaholuamanu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17024 Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
89 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts Kunia trail just E of Puu Kanehoa Preserved_Specimen 2-4 ft tall, flowers: sepals green with median reddish areas, petals within creamy or white, outside lined with purple or bluish-violet esp at base, anthers & style white, fruits and flowers Stone, B.C. 3298 Oahu BISH 1960-03-26
90 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts, betw Puu Kaua & Kanehoa Peak On ridge 50+ yards below main ridge, above Kunia Camp Preserved_Specimen Woody herb 20 in high, flowers bluish-white Pearsall, G.A. 492 Oahu BISH 1960-04-28
91 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kukui Trail Found along trail betw W rim to floor of Waimea Canyon Preserved_Specimen Shrubs to 1.5 m Lamoureux, C.H. 2641 Kauai BISH 1964-03-31
92 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Mokuleia, Waianae Mts Ridge of W branch of E Makaleha Valley Preserved_Specimen Shrub 0.8 m high, flowers white Chock, A.K. 500 Oahu BISH 1952-06-11
93 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Lualailua. S slope of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1995 Maui BISH 1920-03-17
94 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Range Ridge trail N of Mauna Kapu, Honouliuli Preserved_Specimen Flowers blue Webster, G.L. 1267 Oahu BISH 1948-02-04
95 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kamalo Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 7886 Molokai BISH 1909-06-01
96 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kaluaa-Hapapa; summit Preserved_Specimen Cluster of 2-3 ft plants overgrown by Clidemia Takeuchi, W.N. 3058 Oahu BISH 1986-12-10
97 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kalaupapa NHP, Puu Alii 2, FBS trans 4, trans 0, station 10 Preserved_Specimen Small, slender few-branched shrub, locally freq in undisturbed areas Wysong, M.L. 682 Molokai BISH 2005-03-23
98 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Range, Palehua Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1678 Oahu BISH 1911-04-01
99 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts; near Puu Kaua Woods near summit Preserved_Specimen Gillespie, J.W. 1069 Oahu BISH 1927-07-06
100 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kahanui Gulch Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 257 Molokai BISH 1912-07-01
101 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kaholuamanu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17024 Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
102 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts; Palehua Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1683 Oahu BISH 1911-04-01
103 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kuaokala, upper reaches of Manini Gulch Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2298 Oahu BISH 1985-07-14
104 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia East Maui, gulch back of Makawao Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8563 Maui BISH 1910-09-01
105 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia East Maui, Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8563 Maui BISH 1910-10-01
106 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Makaha Valley Preserved_Specimen Wide leaves Pearsall, G.A. Oahu BISH 1954-10-21
107 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts, Puu Hapapa In small valley N of Main Ridge leading to summit Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. Oahu BISH 1933-07-30
108 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Makaleha Valley Right hand ridge Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17059 Oahu BISH 1918-04-01
109 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Makaha Valley Preserved_Specimen Narrow leaves Pearsall, G.A. Oahu BISH 1954-10-21
110 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts, Palikea Ridge Preserved_Specimen Flowers white Pearsall, G.A. Oahu BISH 1954-07-08
111 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts, Palikea Ridge Preserved_Specimen Flowers white Pearsall, G.A. Oahu BISH 1954-07-08
112 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Molokai Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 531 Molokai BISH 1851-01-01
113 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Pahale Gulch Preserved_Specimen Large plant with large white flowers Stemmermann, R.L. 1144 Oahu BISH 1976-08-08
114 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia East Maui, Hana District, W Kaupo Gap within Haleakala, Arid cliffs near Haleakala Mtn spring Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 17466 Maui BISH 1939-08-11
115 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waimea District; near summit of Kukui Trail Preserved_Specimen Sparingly branched shrub; about 10 ft tall Herbst, D.R. 2476 Kauai BISH 1972-06-04
116 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. BISH
117 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kaala Mts Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 594 Oahu BISH 1864-01-01
118 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kamoku Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6113 Molokai BISH 1910-03-01
119 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Olokele Canyon Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 1047 Kauai BISH 1922-09-30
120 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Nuuanu Trail, Head of Pauoa Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17016 Oahu BISH 1912-09-01
121 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kaholuamanu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17023 Kauai BISH 1909-03-03
122 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17018 Oahu BISH 1915-12-30
123 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Nuuanu Trail, Head of Pauoa Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17016 Oahu BISH 1912-09-01
124 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Olokele Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 452 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
125 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Pacific Hts Ridge Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1226 Oahu BISH 1909-03-31
126 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts, Honouliuli N branch of S Kaaikukai Gulch Preserved_Specimen Webster, G.L. 1381 Oahu BISH 1948-03-26
127 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kahanui Gulch Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 257 Molokai BISH 1912-07-01
128 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Koolau Range Beyond Pauoa Flats in the water reserve Preserved_Specimen Wilbur, R.L. 449 Oahu BISH 1948-02-23
129 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts, Makaha Valley Slope S of valley head Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 573 Oahu BISH 1927-01-31
130 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Range; Palehua Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 304 Oahu BISH 1922-08-25
131 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kauai Preserved_Specimen Knudsen 14193 Kauai BISH
132 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Range Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1587 Oahu BISH 1910-04-27
133 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kuaokala, upper reaches of Manini Gulch Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2298 Oahu BISH 1985-07-14
134 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Pauoa Hts Head of trail Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2387 Oahu BISH 1916-08-01
135 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kamoku Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 16013 Molokai BISH 1918-04-01
136 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Range Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17018 Oahu BISH 1915-12-30
137 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Range Alehua-Palikea Trail Preserved_Specimen Linney, G.K. 199 Oahu BISH 1982-03-11
138 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Pauoa Valley at Nuuanu Trail Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 382 Oahu BISH 1920-04-18
139 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kamoku Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 16013 Molokai BISH 1918-04-01
140 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Konahuanui On trail Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2551 Oahu BISH 1919-03-17
141 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Nuuanu Ridge Preserved_Specimen Russell, P. 112 Oahu BISH 1932-07-22
142 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kaholuamanu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 9001 Kauai BISH 1911-10-01
143 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kaholuamanu On the trail up Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 426 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
144 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kaholuamanu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 9001 Kauai BISH 1911-10-01
145 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kalapamoa Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 432 Molokai BISH 1912-08-01
146 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia unknown Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. BISH
147 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae; Hapapa Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1930-04-01
148 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; O`ahu; Hawai`i; Honolulu] Preserved_Specimen von Chamisso, L.A. Oahu BISH 1817-01-01
149 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kalaupapa Pali Trail Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Molokai BISH 1922-07-07
150 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts, Puu Hapapa Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. Oahu BISH 1932-06-01
151 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Ekahanui; N ridge Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1933-05-08
152 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Palolo, Kaau Crater Preserved_Specimen Williams, F.X. Oahu BISH 1935-04-14
153 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Range Makaha Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1908-01-01
154 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Honolulu Pauoa Flats Ridge Preserved_Specimen Pearsall, G.A. Oahu BISH 1954-05-16
155 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Mt. Olympus Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1914-10-01
156 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts; head of Palehua Valley Preserved_Specimen Weissich, P. Oahu BISH 1963-06-02
157 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kaaikukae Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1929-10-01
158 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia East Maui, Haleakala Crater, Kaupo Gap Preserved_Specimen Carpenter, R.W. Maui BISH 1930-07-01
159 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts; Makaleha Ridge Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1918-03-01
160 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Slope of Puu Kolekole Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Molokai BISH 1912-07-01
161 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Nuuanu, Pauoa Ridge, Kapukaawaphui Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Oahu BISH 1926-09-12
162 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Range Edge of trail to Puu Hapapa Preserved_Specimen Williams, L.G. Oahu BISH 1938-11-06
163 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Range Trail on ridge below Puu Hapapa Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. Oahu BISH 1938-11-06
164 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Pacific Hts Ridge Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-03-31
165 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Onini Gulch Preserved_Specimen Wong, W. Molokai BISH 1986-05-09
166 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kaaikukae Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1929-10-01
167 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Manawahua Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1933-05-09
168 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Manawahua Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1933-05-09
169 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Wahiawa Mtns Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH
170 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Koolau Range Makaha Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-02-12
171 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Nuuanu Ridge Preserved_Specimen Oahu BISH 1913-05-24
172 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Head of Nuuanu Trail Pauoa Flats Preserved_Specimen Oahu BISH 1922-11-05
173 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kauai Preserved_Specimen Kauai BISH
174 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kaholuamanu Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH
175 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; Molokai; Hawaii; Maui Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Molokai BISH
176 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Wahiawa Mtns Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH
177 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia East Maui, near Kaupo Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8686 Maui BISH 1910-11-01
178 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Koolau Range Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 851 Oahu BISH 1909-11-01
179 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Waianae Mts Puu Hapapa, just below main ridge Preserved_Specimen Hume, E.P. 384 Oahu BISH 1931-12-01
180 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kamoku Stream Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17015 Molokai BISH 1918-04-01
181 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Kaala Mts Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 594 Oahu BISH 1864-01-01
182 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia NE slope of Puu Hapapa Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 12334 Oahu BISH 1939-05-07
183 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia Nuuanu Trail Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17016 Oahu BISH 1912-09-01
184 Viola chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia unknown Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. BISH
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