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Agrostis stolonifera

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Agrostis

creeping bentgrass, marsh bent, redtop bentgrass

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Rhizomatous or stoloniferous perennials.

Stems: Culms (stems) decumbent, (3–)4–10(–13) dm long.

Roots: Fibrous root system.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades linear, flat, folded, or involute, relatively wide, 2–5(–6) mm wide when opened. Apex acuminate. Surfaces scabrous. Margins entire. Veins parallel. Sheaths smooth, glabrous, persistent; ligule truncate to obtuse, 1.5–5(–3.5) mm long, erose–ciliolate, often lacerate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in panicles (7–)10–18(–25) cm long, open, sometimes closing after anthesis, the branches scabrous, verticillate, ascending, floriferous from base. Glumes lanceolate, acute, rounded on the back, nerves scabrous, purplish, first glume 2–2.5 mm long, second glume 1.8–2.2(–2.5) mm long; lemma membranous, 1.4–1.8(–2.3) mm long, 3–5–nerved, awnless, callus minutely bearded; palea membranous, translucent, 0.7–1.5 mm long. Stamens 3. Ovary superior.

Fruit: Caryopsis pale brown to reddish brown; 0.5–0.8 mm long.

Ploidy: 2n = 28–30; 32; 35; 42; 44; 46

Habitat: Naturalized in disturbed places; especially in moist sites.

Elevation Range: 640–1680 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (226)

Agrostis adscendens Lange (1860)
Agrostis alba (Misapplied)
Agrostis alba f. amethystina Podp. (1926)
Agrostis alba f. densissima Hack. (1914)
Agrostis alba f. maritima (Lam.) Parl. (1850)
Agrostis alba f. natans Glück (1924)
Agrostis alba f. substerilis Zapał. (1906)
Agrostis alba proles prorepens Rouy (1913)
Agrostis alba subsp. decumbens (Haller f. ex Gaudin) Arcang. (1882)
Agrostis alba subsp. filifolia (Link) Henriq. (1905)
Agrostis alba subsp. gaditana (Boiss. & Reut.) Cout. (1913)
Agrostis alba subsp. glaucescens K.Richt. (1890)
Agrostis alba subsp. maritima (Lam.) Arcang. (1882)
Agrostis alba subsp. pallens Gaudin (1828)
Agrostis alba subsp. patula (Gaudin) Gaudin (1828)
Agrostis alba subsp. salina (Dumort.) K.Richt. (1890)
Agrostis alba subsp. scabrida (Maire & Trab.) Maire (1931)
Agrostis alba subsp. scabriglumis (Boiss. & Reut.) Cout. (1913)
Agrostis alba subsp. stolonizans (Schult. & Schult.f.) Lavrenko (1935)
Agrostis alba subsp. straminea (Hartm.) K.Richt. (1890)
Agrostis alba subvar. decumbens G.Mey. (1824)
Agrostis alba var. albida (Trin.) Griseb. (1852)
Agrostis alba var. armena Schischk. (1929)
Agrostis alba var. clementei Asch. & Graebn. (1899)
Agrostis alba var. coarctata Blytt (1847)
Agrostis alba var. colorata Heer (1836)
Agrostis alba var. compacta Hartm. (1843)
Agrostis alba var. condensata Druce (1914)
Agrostis alba var. conferta Pauquy (1831)
Agrostis alba var. decumbens (G.Mey.) Guépin (1830)
Agrostis alba var. densiflora Guss. (1832)
Agrostis alba var. flaccidula Hack. (1899)
Agrostis alba var. foucaudii Husn. (1899)
Agrostis alba var. gigantea Klett & Richt. (1830)
Agrostis alba var. glaucescens J.Woods (1850)
Agrostis alba var. gracilis Uechtr. (1899)
Agrostis alba var. karsensis (Litv.) Schischk. (1929)
Agrostis alba var. laevigata Blytt (1847)
Agrostis alba var. lutescens Junge (1913)
Agrostis alba var. maritima Bab. (1843)
Agrostis alba var. narbonensis Henriq. (1905)
Agrostis alba var. natans Glück (1824)
Agrostis alba var. pallida Spenn. (1825)
Agrostis alba var. palustris (Huds.) Pers. (1805)
Agrostis alba var. patula (Gaudin) Blytt (1847)
Agrostis alba var. pontica Grecescu (1898)
Agrostis alba var. prorepens (W.D.J.Koch) Asch. (1864)
Agrostis alba var. pseudopungens (Lange) Asch. & Graebn. (1899)
Agrostis alba var. salina Pohle ex Tolm. (1930)
Agrostis alba var. scabriglumis (Boiss. & Reut.) Boiss. (1884)
Agrostis alba var. stolonifera (L.) Lej. (1824)
Agrostis alba var. straminea J.Woods (1850)
Agrostis alba var. subjungens Hack. (1887)
Agrostis alba var. subrepens Bab. (1862)
Agrostis alba var. varia (Host) Klett & Richt. (1830)
Agrostis albida Trin. (1845)
Agrostis ambigua Roem. & Schult. (1817)
Agrostis aristulata Müll.Hal. (1856)
Agrostis aspera Weber (1787)
Agrostis bodaibensis Peschkova (1990)
Agrostis brevis Knapp (1804)
Agrostis bryoides Dumort. (1827)
Agrostis caespitosa Gaudich. (1829)
Agrostis candollei Parl. (1845)
Agrostis capillaris var. stolonifera (L.) Druce (1928)
Agrostis decumbens Host (1809)
Agrostis densissima (Hack.) Druce (1929)
Agrostis depressa Vasey (1886)
Agrostis difficilis Hemsl. (1884)
Agrostis diluta Kurczenko (2002)
Agrostis dulcis (Pers.) Sibth. ex Kunth (1833)
Agrostis eliasii Sennen (1907)
Agrostis exarata var. stolonifera Vasey (1886)
Agrostis filifolia Link (1800)
Agrostis flava O.F.Müll. (1777)
Agrostis flavida Schur (1859)
Agrostis glaucescens (C.Presl) Spreng. (1824)
Agrostis gracilis Kit. (1864)
Agrostis insignita Schur (1866)
Agrostis intermedia Balb. (1801)
Agrostis jacutica Schischk. (1934)
Agrostis karsensis Litv. (1922)
Agrostis kitaibelii Schult. (1814)
Agrostis langei Nyman (1882)
Agrostis lapponica Montell (1943)
Agrostis macrantha Schischk. (1934)
Agrostis maritima Lam. (1783)
Agrostis maritima subsp. clementei (Willk.) K.Richt. (1890)
Agrostis maritima subsp. pseudopungens (Lange) K.Richt. (1890)
Agrostis maritima var. clementei Willk. (1861)
Agrostis maritima var. pseudopungens Lange (1860)
Agrostis maritima var. subrepens DC. (1815)
Agrostis multicaulis Kit. (1864)
Agrostis mutabilis Knapp (1804)
Agrostis neglecta Schult. (1814)
Agrostis nemoralis Phil. (1859)
Agrostis obliqua Trin. (1824)
Agrostis palustris Huds. (1762)
Agrostis palustris var. stolonifera (L.) Druce (1927)
Agrostis patula Gaudin (1811)
Agrostis polymorpha var. palustris (Huds.) Huds. (1778)
Agrostis polymorpha var. stolonifera (L.) Huds. (1778)
Agrostis procumbens Roem. & Schult. (1817)
Agrostis prostrata Hook.f. (1847)
Agrostis pseudoalba Klokov (1950)
Agrostis pseudopungens (Lange) G.H.Loos (2010)
Agrostis pubescens Gray (1822)
Agrostis reptans Rydb. (1917)
Agrostis reuteri subsp. scabriglumis (Boiss. & Reut.) Nyman (1882)
Agrostis salina Dumort. (1868)
Agrostis scabrida Maire & Trab. (1924)
Agrostis scabriglumis Boiss. & Reut. (1852)
Agrostis sibirica Petrov (1930)
Agrostis sibthorpii Steud. (1840)
Agrostis sicula Kunth (1829)
Agrostis signata Schur (1859)
Agrostis signata var. caespitosa Schur (1859)
Agrostis signata var. decumbens (Host) Schur (1859)
Agrostis signata var. flavida Schur (1859)
Agrostis signata var. prorepens (W.D.J.Koch) Schur (1859)
Agrostis signata var. varia (Host) Schur (1859)
Agrostis sinaica Boiss. (1854)
Agrostis sokolovskajae Prob. (1983)
Agrostis spicata Wulfen (1858)
Agrostis spicigera H.Lindb. (1932)
Agrostis stolonifera ecas. calcicola Phillipson (1937)
Agrostis stolonifera f. amethystina (Podp.) Soó (1972)
Agrostis stolonifera f. caespitosa (Schur) Soó (1972)
Agrostis stolonifera f. decumbens (Gaudin) Soó (1972)
Agrostis stolonifera f. flava Beldie (1972)
Agrostis stolonifera f. flavida (Schur) Beldie (1972)
Agrostis stolonifera f. gracilis (Asch. & Graebn.) Soó (1972)
Agrostis stolonifera f. humilis Soó (1972)
Agrostis stolonifera f. lutescens (Junge) Soó (1972)
Agrostis stolonifera f. natans (Glück) Soó (1972)
Agrostis stolonifera f. oligantha Soó (1972)
Agrostis stolonifera f. patula (Gaudin) Beldie (1972)
Agrostis stolonifera f. pontica (Grecescu) Beldie (1972)
Agrostis stolonifera f. subchlorantha (Schur) Beldie (1972)
Agrostis stolonifera f. substerilis (Zapał.) Soó (1972)
Agrostis stolonifera subsp. albida (Trin.) Tzvelev (1971)
Agrostis stolonifera subsp. filifolia (Link) H.Scholz (2008)
Agrostis stolonifera subsp. gaditana (Boiss. & Reut.) Vasc. (1974)
Agrostis stolonifera subsp. karsensis (Litv.) Valdés & H.Scholz (2006)
Agrostis stolonifera subsp. maritima (Lam.) Vasc. (1974)
Agrostis stolonifera subsp. palustris (Huds.) Tzvelev (1971)
Agrostis stolonifera subsp. scabrida (Maire & Trab.) Maire (1940)
Agrostis stolonifera subsp. scabriglumis (Boiss. & Reut.) Maire (1943)
Agrostis stolonifera subsp. sokolovskajae (Prob.) Vorosch. (1990)
Agrostis stolonifera subsp. stolonizans (Besser) Soó (1978)
Agrostis stolonifera subsp. straminea (Hartm.) Tzvelev (1971)
Agrostis stolonifera subsp. transcaspica (Litv.) Tzvelev (1971)
Agrostis stolonifera subvar. arenaria Jansen & Wacht. (1933)
Agrostis stolonifera subvar. malcuitiana (Litard.) Gamisans (1981)
Agrostis stolonifera subvar. salina Jansen & Wacht. (1933)
Agrostis stolonifera var. angustifolia Sinclair (1825)
Agrostis stolonifera var. arenaria (Jansen & Wacht.) Jansen & Wacht. (1940)
Agrostis stolonifera var. aristata Rchb. (1830)
Agrostis stolonifera var. bottnica Hyl. (1953)
Agrostis stolonifera var. calcicola (Phillipson) P.D.Sell (1996)
Agrostis stolonifera var. coarctata (Blytt) Andersson (1852)
Agrostis stolonifera var. compacta Hartm. (1832)
Agrostis stolonifera var. decumbens Retz. (1779)
Agrostis stolonifera var. densiflora (Guss.) Chiov. (1939)
Agrostis stolonifera var. dulcis Pers. (1805)
Agrostis stolonifera var. effusa Meinsh. (1878)
Agrostis stolonifera var. filifolia (Link) Portal (2009)
Agrostis stolonifera var. flagellaris Neilr. (1857)
Agrostis stolonifera var. laevigata (Blytt) Andersson (1852)
Agrostis stolonifera var. latifolia Sinclair (1825)
Agrostis stolonifera var. malcuitiana Litard. (1937)
Agrostis stolonifera var. marina (Gray) Kerguélen (1975)
Agrostis stolonifera var. maritima (G.Mey.) W.D.J.Koch (1837)
Agrostis stolonifera var. narbonensis (Malinv.) Portal (2009)
Agrostis stolonifera var. nievrensis Portal (2009)
Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris (Huds.) Farw. (1920)
Agrostis stolonifera var. patula Kirschl. (1830)
Agrostis stolonifera var. prorepens W.D.J.Koch (1844)
Agrostis stolonifera var. pseudopungens (Lange) Kerguélen (1975)
Agrostis stolonifera var. pumila Peterm. (1846)
Agrostis stolonifera var. scabriglumis (Boiss. & Reut.) C.E.Hubb. (1937)
Agrostis stolonifera var. straminea (Hartm.) Hartm. (1866)
Agrostis stolonifera var. subaristata Čelak. (1881)
Agrostis stolonifera var. subchlorantha Schur (1866)
Agrostis stolonifera var. tenuis Heuff. (1858)
Agrostis stolonifera var. varia (Host) Wirtg. (1849)
Agrostis stolonifera var. viridula Andersson (1852)
Agrostis stolonifera var. vulgaris Heuff. (1858)
Agrostis stolonizans Besser (1827)
Agrostis straminea Hartm. (1819)
Agrostis tenuis var. stolonifera (L.) Podp. (1926)
Agrostis transcaspica Litv. (1917)
Agrostis transcaspica f. violacea Roshev. (1932)
Agrostis trichotoma Kit. (1864)
Agrostis turiensis Tzvelev (2011)
Agrostis valentina Roem. & Schult. (1817)
Agrostis varia Host (1809)
Agrostis virletii E.Fourn. (1886)
Agrostis vivipara Biv. ex Roem. & Schult. (1817)
Agrostis vulgaris var. frondosa Lange (1860)
Agrostis vulgaris var. prorepens (W.D.J.Koch) Schur (1866)
Agrostis vulgaris var. stolonifera (L.) Endl. (1830)
Agrostis welwitschii Steud. (1854)
Agrostis zerovii Klokov (1950)
Apera palustris (Huds.) Gray (1822)
Apera procumbens Steud. (1840)
Decandolia stolonifera (L.) T.Bastard (1809)
Milium maritimum (Lam.) Clemente & Rubio (1807)
Milium stoloniferum (L.) Lag. (1816)
Milium vulgare var. stolonifera (L.) Mérat (1821)
Milium vulgare var. stoloniferum (L.) Mérat (1812)
Panicum verticillatum Ucria (1789)
Sporobolus gaditanus Boiss. & Reut. (1852)
Sporobolus gaudichaudii (Steud.) Albov (1896)
Sporobolus virginicus var. gaditanus (Boiss. & Reut.) Kerguélen (1977)
Vilfa decumbens (Host) P.Beauv. (1812)
Vilfa dulcis (Poir.) P.Beauv. (1812)
Vilfa gaditana (Boiss. & Reut.) Steud. (1854)
Vilfa gaudichaudii Steud. (1841)
Vilfa glaucescens C.Presl (1820)
Vilfa maritima (Lam.) P.Beauv. (1812)
Vilfa patula (Gaudin) P.Beauv. (1812)
Vilfa stolonifera (L.) P.Beauv. (1812)
Vilfa stolonifera var. brevis (Knapp) Gray (1822)
Vilfa stolonifera var. marina Gray (1822)
Vilfa stolonifera var. maritima (Lam.) Gray (1822)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Wind
Other Animals

Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 62 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1494 (K, O, Mo, M, H); Herbst & Clayton 1998:18 (KEY); Hatheway 339 BISH (O†, 1950)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Agrostis stolonifera East Maui, Upper Kaupo trail near Bidens outplanting site Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 2375 Maui BISH 2016-09-14
2 Agrostis stolonifera Floor of gulch adjacent to Hosmer's Grove, West of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1337 Maui BISH 1968-12-01
3 Agrostis stolonifera Haleakala Substation, Makawao. Planted in grass garden Preserved_Specimen Fair growth. Hosaka, E.Y. 2456 Maui BISH 1939-04-09
4 Agrostis stolonifera So. Hawaii, Hutchinson Plantation Preserved_Specimen (Not on sheet) Hawaii BISH 1933-08-18
5 Agrostis stolonifera Tantalus crater Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. Oahu BISH 1922-08-07
6 Agrostis stolonifera So. Hawaii, Hutchinson Plantation Preserved_Specimen (Not on sheet) Hawaii BISH 1933-08-18
7 Agrostis stolonifera Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Goff, R.A. Hawaii BISH 1928-07-13
8 Agrostis stolonifera Parker Ranch Preserved_Specimen Ripperton, J.C. Hawaii BISH 1931-07-24
9 Agrostis stolonifera Waianae Mts., Mt. Kaala summit Occasional in disturbed places near Army installations. Preserved_Specimen Hatheway, W.H. 339 Oahu BISH 1950-09-10
10 Agrostis stolonifera Haleakala substation, Makawao planted in a grass garden Preserved_Specimen Fair growth Hosaka, E.Y. 2455 Maui BISH 1939-04-09
11 Agrostis stolonifera East Maui, Makawao District, Kalialinui, along unpaved road from Haleakala NP to Waikamoi Preserve. Northing: 2299310; Easting: 787756 along unpaved road Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 71904 Maui BISH 2019-07-22
12 Agrostis stolonifera Haleakala Branch Sta. Plot #140 - Branch Division II. Preserved_Specimen Ac. 3536. Murphy, F.T. Maui BISH 1940-06-22
13 Agrostis stolonifera Hualalai, below Hainoa Crater, North Kona District Trailside grass growing in subalpine ecosystem with Sophora, Styphelia, and Deschampsia australis. Preserved_Specimen Stoloniferous grass about 2.5 ft tall. Panicle reddish in color. Cuddihy, L.W. 676 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-10
14 Agrostis stolonifera Hawaii Natl. Park. Park residence street Redtop Preserved_Specimen (No rhizomes found) Fagerlund, G.O. 668 Hawaii BISH 1943-07-06
15 Agrostis stolonifera U.S. Dept. Agr. on Hawaii and Maui Preserved_Specimen Hawaii BISH 1913-01-01
16 Agrostis stolonifera Poholua Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 98 Molokai BISH 1912-06-01
17 Agrostis stolonifera East Maui, Hana District, Kaupo Gap ca. 1-3/4 mi S of Paliku Cabins Forming solid patches, with Rubus, etc. Preserved_Specimen Upright grass. Henrickson, J.S. 3893 Maui BISH 1969-07-16
18 Agrostis stolonifera Alakahi Ditch Trail, Kohala, about 1 mile beyond the last rain gage (at end of road). Growing along trail. Assoc w/ introduced grasses. Near boggy - dwarf Metrosideros, Machaerina, etc. Common. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 222 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-09
19 Agrostis stolonifera Just inside Bishop Estate gate. In overgrown grassy road. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 182 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-06
20 Agrostis stolonifera Waimea, Hamakua. Makahalau Paddock Local patch Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 2157 Hawaii BISH 1938-06-02
21 Agrostis stolonifera Hualalai, below Hainoa Crater, North Kona District Trailside grass growing in subalpine ecosystem with Sophora, Styphelia, and Deschampsia australis. Preserved_Specimen Stoloniferous grass about 2.5 ft tall. Panicle reddish in color. Cuddihy, L.W. 676 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-10
22 Agrostis stolonifera Kealakekau, S. Kona Common in mosit semi-wooded pasture Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1472 Hawaii BISH 1936-08-05
23 Agrostis stolonifera Keauhou Ranch, Kau District, increment 3 Koa Reforestation area, common along fenceline growing with Pennisetum, Anthoxanthum, and Paspalum dilatatum. Preserved_Specimen Bunchgrass 2 1/2 ft. tall. Cuddihy, L.W. 133 Hawaii BISH 1980-01-14
24 Agrostis stolonifera Hawaii National Park Kilauea In open place Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1411 Hawaii BISH 1936-07-03
25 Agrostis stolonifera east Maui, Makawao District. in grassy unpaved road near gate from Hosmer Grove into Haleakala Ranch lands and Waikamoi Preserve. Preserved_Specimen Occasional, decumbent Oppenheimer, H.L. 81502 Maui BISH 2015-08-19
26 Agrostis stolonifera Kahaluu Forest Reserve, along trail open places along trail. Assoc w/ metrosideros, Pipturus, Hedyotis. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 189 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-06
27 Agrostis stolonifera East Maui, Makawao District, Waikamoi Stream headwaters, south of Pu`u Luau. along unpaved roadside among conifer plantings in Subalpine Shrubland. Preserved_Specimen Locally common Oppenheimer, H.L. 91012 Maui BISH 2010-09-10
28 Agrostis stolonifera Hanalei District, Kokee State Park, Kaslalau Lookout Metrosideros dominated forest with Cheirodendron, Psychotria, Diplazium, Rubus, Coprosma, and Hedyotis. Preserved_Specimen Common grass along edge of road growing mixed with kikuyu, Crocosmia, and Rubus. Flynn, T.W. 6158 Kauai BISH 1997-05-22
29 Agrostis stolonifera Parker Ranch, Puu Kapu Planted pasture Preserved_Specimen Ewart III, G.R. 206 Hawaii BISH 1932-06-02
30 Agrostis stolonifera Makawao, Hawaiian Agricultural Experiment Station Branch station Grass garden Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 2600 Maui BISH 1941-07-17
31 Agrostis stolonifera Puu Nianiau Naturalized. Open area. Growing with Pinus sp., Pennisetum clandestinum. Preserved_Specimen Forming patches, about a meter tall. Starr, F. 9013001 Maui BISH 2009-01-30
32 Agrostis stolonifera Waimea Drainage Basin, West Side. Waineke paddock Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1018 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
33 Agrostis stolonifera Keauhou Ranch, Kau district.Koa reforestation area, increment 3 Common along fenceline growing with Pennisetum, Anthoxanthum, and Paspalum dilatatum. Preserved_Specimen Bunchgrass 2.5 ft tall. Cuddihy, L.W. 133 Hawaii BISH 1980-01-14
34 Agrostis stolonifera North Kohala Kahua Moist pasture Preserved_Specimen Occasional, making good growth. Good forage Hosaka 3645 Hawaii BISH 1951-08-15
35 Agrostis stolonifera Summit of Mt. Tantalus Preserved_Specimen Has long stolons Hitchcock, A.S. 13869 Oahu BISH 1924-06-01
36 Agrostis stolonifera Kokee, Waimea Occ. in moist flat open place Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1661 Kauai BISH 1936-11-05
37 Agrostis stolonifera Below Cook's Mt. Cabin Preserved_Specimen Whitney, L.D. 4442 Molokai BISH 1936-09-06
38 Agrostis stolonifera Hawaii Vol. Natl. Park Between Research Center and Exercise Tract Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 7025 Hawaii BISH 1985-10-23
39 Agrostis stolonifera Upper Kapapala Ranch Preserved_Specimen Whitney, L.D. 4113 Hawaii BISH 1936-04-01
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