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Phyllostegia renovans

W.L.Wagner (1999)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Phyllostegia

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Erect subshrub when young, becoming scandent.

Stems: Stems up to 3–4 m long, short–hirsute throughout.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades narrowly to broadly ovate, sometimes broadly so, 12.5-20 cm long, 2.0-8.8 cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base truncate, broadly rounded or broadly cuneate. Surfaces spreading hirsute, the hairs primarily concentrated on the veins on the lower surface. the red coloration in the leaves occurs at least when plants are in sunny sites and apparently is less intense in shaded sites. Margins coarsely dentate or serrate-dentate. Veins red-tinged. Petioles reddish green, 3.2-5 cm long, moderately to densely hirsute, sometimes somewhat retrorsely so. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers (4)6 per verticillaster, sometimes the terminal one with 8 flowers, in an open, unbranched, racemose inflorescence 18-34 cm long, apparently the stem resuming vegetative growth after flowering, pedicels 9-10 mm long, sometimes on a common peduncle up to 4 mm long, moderately to densely short-hirsute, bracts ovate, the lower ones 6-11 cm long, the upper ones 2.5-3 cm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect) or sometimes unisexual (and then plants gynodioecious or rarely dioecious), flowers not fragrant in the morning, but have a light fragrance at 5 pm suggesting moth pollination. Calyx campanulate, 8–12 mm long, enlarging in fruit, green, short-hirsute on both surfaces, the hairs spreading to somewhat antrorsely appressed, the lobes 4-7 mm long, widely spreading, the margins with 1-several coarse teeth, apex acute, splitting longitudinally, usually persistent or sometimes only ventral 1/2 persistent. Corolla bilabiate, white, ca. 19–22 mm long, tube narrowly funnelform, usually curved, short-hirsute mostly on the upper side, upper lip 6-7 mm long, entire or 2-lobed, flat or concave, the lower lip 9-12 mm long, 3-lobed, lateral lobes ovate, slightly asymmetrical, lower lobe broadly ovate to suborbicular, slightly folded to form a groove, margins somewhat undulate, apex emarginate or entire; nectary disk often present at base of ovary, annular or developed on anterior side only. Stamens 4, both pairs of similar length or upper pair slightly longer, ascending the upper corolla lip, included, aligned with the sinuses; filaments inserted near throat, usually pubescent; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits; anther sacs divaricate. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate, placentation basal-axile; ovules 1 per ovary lobe; style 1, included, arising between lobes, shortly 2-lobed, the lobes clavate; stigmatic only at apex, 1 lobe often rudimentary; stigmas 2.

Fruit: Nutlets ca. 8-9 mm long; dark green to black; drupaceous; exocarp fleshy; obovoid; margins slightly winged; obliquely attached at the connate base; spreading and exserted from calyx at maturity. Seeds with endosperm absent or scanty and oily.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Known from only the upper parts of three valleys; where it grows along watercourses and at bases of waterfalls.

Elevation Range: 680–1,040 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Novon 9: 280 (1999)

Other References

Wagner 1999a:280 (SPNOV/K, DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros forest w/ Pipturus, Antidesma platyphylla, Ilex anomaia, Sadleria cyathoides, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Cyrtandra wainihaensis, Boehmeria grandis, Bidens forbesii, Dubautia plantaginea, Machaerina angusti Preserved_Specimen Patch with flowers and fruit. 2 meter ht. shrub Perlman, S. 24373 Kauai BISH 2015-03-03
2 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Lowland wet forest with Metrosideros polymorpha dominant, also Antidesma, Syzygium, Broussaisia, Boehmeria, & Perrottetia, with understory of pteridophytes, Cyrtandra, & Cyanea. Slopes moderate to steep. Damage from Hurricane Iniki light to moderate. Occasional in clearings, wet soil. Preserved_Specimen Herb with decumbent scrambling stems 3-4 m long, odorless. Leaves & petioles reddish in sun. Calyx green, corolla white (not fragrant 10-11 a.m., light fragrance 5 p.m.). Ripe fruits greenish-black. Occasional in clearings, wet soil. Lorence, D.H. 7315 Kauai BISH 1993-01-29
3 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis Montane Wet Forest with Dubautia, Scaevola, Antidesma, Bobea, Cyanea, Cyrtandra, Stenogyne. Preserved_Specimen Plants with flowers. Perlman, S. 10830 Kauai BISH 1989-09-23
4 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris wet forest, w/ Kadua affinis, Psychotria mariniana, Melicope clusiifolia, Ilex anomala, Syzygium sandwicensis, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Dodonaea viscosa, Santalum involutum Preserved_Specimen vining shrub, vigorous, 3 m long, with flower and fruit, single location Wood, K.R. 15823 Kauai BISH 2014-02-11
5 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris montane wet forest with Broussaisia, Cyrtandra, Dubautia knudsenii, Machaerina, Lobelia hypoleuca, Diplazium sandwichianum, Bidens, Cheirodendron, Sadleria cyatheoides, Pipturus. Preserved_Specimen 1 spreading plant, 4 ft. ht. With flowers and fruit fresh fruit dark green, 12-13 mm. Wide X 7 mm. Long. Perlman, S. 14636 Kauai BISH 1995-01-24
6 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Closed Metrosideros lowland wet forest, 8-12 canopy, surrounded by steep valley walls with Dicranopteris and mixed shrubs Understory dominated by Antidesma w/ Syzygium, Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Crytandra spp, Psychotria spp, Dubautia spp, Labrodia spp, Coprosma waimeae, Cheirodendron spp, Poluscias kavaiensis, P oahuensis Preserved_Specimen vining shrubs, ca. 5 plants in general area, flower lobes white, in early fruit, mapped Wood, K.R. 15698 Kauai BISH 2013-10-10
7 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros lowland wet riparian forest with Perrottetia, Touchardia, Diplazium sandwichianum, Boehmeria grandis, Psychotria, Cibotium, Machaerina angustifolia, Bidens, Sadleria. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 13215 Kauai BISH 1993-01-09
8 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Patch wtih flowers and fruit near stream, 1 meter ht Perlman, S. 22360 Kauai BISH 2011-01-25
9 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Shrubs 4-6 ft. ht. with white flowers and green fruit. Perlman, S. 16491 Kauai BISH 1999-02-06
10 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron lowland wet forest with Perrottetia, Diplazium sandwichanum, Fryecinetia arborea, Broussaisia arguta, Psychotria, Cibotium, Peperomia, Wikstroemia, Touchardia, Pritchardia. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 13256 Kauai BISH 1993-01-21
11 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis wet forest. With Psychotria hexandraq, Chrysodracon, Melicope wawraeana, Alyxia, Ilex anomala, Cheirodendron, Scaevola procera, Sadleria, Kadua affinis, Bidens forbesii, Dlidemia hirta, Hedychium gardnerianum, Er Preserved_Specimen 3 plants, flowers, no fruit, 2 meter ht. flowers white Perlman, S. 25189 Kauai BISH 2016-09-28
12 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Riparian veg Metrosideros-Sadleria Cyanea fissa, Urera glabra, Freycinetia, Dubautia knudsenii, Cibotium, Touchardia, Pipurus, Machaerina angustifolia, Sadlera cyathiodes, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Cyrtandra wainihaensis, Australian Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 meter height with flowers and fruit, flower white. Perlman, S. 24789 Kauai BISH 2016-01-07
13 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Metrosideros, Diplazium sandwichianum, Machaerina angustifolia, Gunnera, Perrottetia, Broussaisia, Cheirodendron, Pipturus, Psychotria, Sadleria, Cibotium Preserved_Specimen 4' shrub, flowers and fruit Perlman, S. 13998 Kauai BISH 1994-01-31
14 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Waiahi south branch, north of Kamooloa, headwaters. Open wind- swept shrubland ridges dissected by drainages and patches of low forest 4-7(-10) m tall, 90-95% cover. Metrosideros ca. 60% with 20% Cheirodendron interpersed with Psychotria, Broussaisia, Tetraplasandra, Kadua, Melicope, Perrottetia, ferns os Dicranopteris, Sticherus, Sphenomeris, Selaginella, Pneuma Preserved_Specimen Shrub, with vining stems scandant few branched , spreading 6m x 5 m, 4 m tall, stems up to 3 cm diameter, flowers white with purple tinge on margins, fruit black-purple, with P. electra, seeds collected Wood, K.R. 14424 Kauai BISH 2010-12-17
15 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis wet forest With Broussaisia arguta, Melicope dusifolia, Cyrtandra spp., Freycinetia arborea, Cibotium spp., Antidesma platyphylla, Psychotria mariniana, Clidemia hirta, Hedychium gardnerianum. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling, vining patch up to 10 ft in trees with flowers and fruit, flower color white. Perlman, S. 21952 Kauai BISH 2010-02-10
16 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Metrosideros, Dicranopteris linearis, Broussaisia, Cibotium, Clermontia, Bidens, Dubautia knudsenii Preserved_Specimen flowers white, with fruit and flower bud Perlman, S. 14256 Kauai BISH 1994-06-24
17 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros forest w/ Pipturus, Antidesma platyphylla, Ilex anomaia, Sadleria cyathoides, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Cyrtandra wainihaensis, Boehmeria grandis, Bidens forbesii, Dubautia plantaginea, Machaerina angusti Preserved_Specimen Patch with flower and fruit. Flower color white. Several other patches in area. Perlman, S. 24372 Kauai BISH 2015-03-03
18 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris low statured wet forest with wind swept ridge and riparian vegetation, w/ Machaerina angustifolia, Gahnia beecheyi, Cheirodendron platyphylla, Psychotria mariniana, Dubautia laxa, Broussaisia arguta, Syzygium sandwicensis, Lobelia kauaiensis, Melicope feddei, Sphenomeris chinensis, Sadleria palllida Preserved_Specimen shrub, scandent 5 m long, main stem 19 cm dia,. vigorous in forest understory above side gulch confluence under large Syzygium sandwicensis, stems green, petiole and petiolules with purple tinge, cup of calyx purple, lobes green, nerves under leaves white-green, 3 plants in group, wtih seed Wood, K.R. 12237 Kauai BISH 2006-12-13
19 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris low statured wet forest with wind swept ridges and riparian vegetation with Ilex anomala, Machaerina angustifolia, Gahnia beecheyi, Cheirodendron platyphylla, Psychotria mariniana, Dubautia laxa, Broussaisal arguta, Syzygium sandwicensis, Melicope feddei, Odontosoria chine Preserved_Specimen Shrub, spreading 4 meters x 4 meters, with fruit, 1+ plants, mapped. Wood, K.R. 18203 Kauai BISH 2019-05-23
20 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Steep slopes with hanging valleys, Metrosideros Montane wet mixed community with sedges, grasses and bryophytes. Epiphytes are common in the shrub layer. Associated plants; Cyanea sylvestris, Dubautia, Dicranopteris, Trematolobelia, Vaccinium, Cheirodendron, Cyrtandra kauaiensis, Perrottetia ssp., Mariscus, Sadleria, Coprosma, Hedyotis tryblium, Area is steem with little or no animal destruction. Weeds; Rubus argustus and R. rosifolius, Hedychium gardenarium, Erigeron karvinskianus, Lyrthum, Solanum americanum Preserved_Specimen Diffuse and scandant, 5 m long; 2 cm at base of stem; in flower and fruit; corolla white; fruit green-black; collected on rappel to hanging valley; growing along water drainage with Pneumatopteris, Christella, Diplazium, Anthyrium and Dicranopteris Wood, K.R. 1341 Kauai BISH 1991-10-31
21 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In riparian Metrosideros montane wet forest with Perrottetia, Boehmeria, Diplazium sandwichianum, Antidesma, Cibotium, Tetraplasandra, Psychotria, Hedyotis terminalis, Cyrtandra, Peperomia. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 13302 Kauai BISH 1993-01-29
22 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details low statured wet forest, wind swept ridge; Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Machaerina angustifolia, Gahnia beecheyi, Cheirodendron platyphyllum, Psychotria mariniana, Dubautia laxa, Broussaisia arguta, Syzygium sandwicensis, Lobelia kauaiensis, Melicope feddei, Sphenomeris chinensis, Sadleria pallida Preserved_Specimen 5 m long shrub, scandent, main stem 19 cm diam.; stems green; petiole and petiolues purple tinge; calyx cup purple, lobes green; nerves under leaves white green; seed Wood, K.R. 12237 Kauai BISH 2006-12-13
23 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros forest. Pipturus, Antidesma platyphylla, Ilex anomala, Sadleria cyathioides, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Cyrtandra wainihaensis, Boehmeria grandis, Bidens, Dubautia plantaginea, Erigeron karvinskianus, Austr Preserved_Specimen 2 large patches, flowers and fruit, flowers white, 2 meter ht. Perlman, S. 24361 Kauai BISH 2015-02-10
24 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis wet forest with Broussaisia, Ilex, Freycinetia, Machaerina angustifolia, Psychotria, Scaevola, Cyanea sylvestris, Cibotium, Sadleria, Coprosma, Pittosporum, Myrsine, Phyllostegia, Bobea, Clidemia, Erigeron karvinskianus, and Rubus rosifolius Preserved_Specimen Several vines seen, vines with flowers, flowers white Perlman, S. 16373 Kauai BISH 1998-09-30
25 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Riparian vegetation within hanging valley with patches of Metrosideros lowland wet forest surrounded by seeping vertical basalt cliffs and large waterfalls w/ Antidesma platyphylla, Perrotettia sandwicensis, Dubautia knudsenii, Psychotria hexandra, Kadua tryblium, Bobea elatior, Polyscias oahuensis, Coprosma kauensis, Cyanea recta, C. fissa, Labordia tin Preserved_Specimen Shrub, around wet forested slopes below waterfall, w/ flower, 3 plants observed. Wood, K.R. 18607 Kauai BISH 2020-12-09
26 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris wet forest w/ Kadua affinis, Psychotria mariniana, Melicope clusiifolia, Ilex anomala, Syzygium sandwicensis, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Dodonaea viscosa, Santalum involutum Preserved_Specimen vining shrub, 3 m long, few branched, in flower and fruit. Wood, K.R. 15825 Kauai BISH 2014-02-12
27 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Riparian drainage Metrosideros-Dicranopteris montane wet forest with Dubautia microcephala, Broussaisia, Pipturus, Sadleria, Coprosma, Hedyotis terminalis, Dubautia knudsenii, Cheirodendron, Diplazium sandwichianum, Lobelia hypoleuca, Trematolobelia Preserved_Specimen 1 plant 4 ft. ht. With flowers and fruit, also another plant at 3420 ft. el. Perlman, S. 14639 Kauai BISH 1995-01-24
28 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Diranopteris linearis wet forest W/Broussaisia arguta, Cibotium spp., Sadleria cyathiodes, Cyanea fissa, Ilex anomala, Cyanea hirtella, Cheirodendron trigynum, Kubautia knudsenii, Pipturus albidus Preserved_Specimen Sprawling vining plant 2 meter ht with flowers and fruit, flower color white Perlman, S. 23972 Kauai BISH 2014-06-04
29 Phyllostegia renovans Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris montane wet forest with Diplopterygium pinnatum, Dryopteris unidentata var. paleacea, Scaevola procera, Pritchardia perlmanii, Kadua affinis, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Syzygium sandwicensis, Melicope wawrana, Bro Preserved_Specimen Shrub with 3 meter long scandent stems green-yellow or red-brown petioles and pedicels often pink-purple , with flower and early fruit, about 5 plants in general area, mapped. Wood, K.R. 17158 Kauai BISH 2016-10-25
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