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Cyperus cyperinus

(Retz.) Valck.Sur. (1898)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: Cyperus

cyperus

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennials with short, woody rhizomes clothed with brown fibers.

Stems: culms solitary or few together, erect, 20–70 cm tall, trigonous, smooth, thickened at base.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Leaves several, basal. Blades linear, shorter than the culm, 5–7 mm wide, herbaceous, flat, plicate. Margins entire. Sheaths pale green, tinged purplish pink. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences umbelliform, simple open or sometimes nearly head-like, the rays 6–10, 0–5 cm long, the spikes green, terminal and solitary on each ray, cylindrical or oblong, narrowed at base, 1.5–3 cm long, 8–12 mm wide, densely bearing numerous spikelets; involucral bracts 4–10 the lower few longer than the inflorescence; spikelets bearing 4–7 glumes and 1–2(3) fertile flowers, spreading to ascending, linear-lanceolate, subterete, 4–6.5 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, rachilla winged, jointed above the prophyll;-glumes green, glaucous, and eventually tinged yellowish brown, membranous to thin and chartaceous' appressed, elliptic to oblong–elliptic, 3–3.5 mm long, 1–1.2 mm wide, inrolled, 3–4–nerved on both sides of midnerve, the keel green, convex, apex obtuse or abruptly acute. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens 3. Ovary superior; styles slightly more than 2 mm long.

Fruit: Achenes linear–oblong; trigonous; ca. 2 mm long; ca. 0.8 mm wide. Seeds 1; seed coat thin; free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in open; grassy sites.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (38)

Carex myosuroides (Gaertn.) J.F.Gmel. (1791)
Carex opetiola Raeusch. (1797)
Cyperus andersonianus Boeckeler (1884)
Cyperus cylindrostachys Boeckeler (1870)
Cyperus cyperinus f. curvatus Valck.Sur. (1898)
Cyperus cyperinus subsp. laxatus (C.B.Clarke) Wad.Khan (2014)
Cyperus cyperinus var. bengalensis (C.B.Clarke) Kük. (1936)
Cyperus cyperinus var. laxatus (C.B.Clarke) Kük. (1936)
Cyperus cyperinus var. maximus (C.B.Clarke) Kük. (1936)
Cyperus cyperinus var. pictus (Nees) Kük. (1936)
Cyperus cyperinus var. scabriculmis Kük. (1936)
Cyperus cyperoides subsp. cyperinus (Retz.) Kük. (1925)
Cyperus cyperoides var. andersonianus (Boeckeler) Kük. (1924)
Cyperus graeffei Boeckeler (1875)
Cyperus ischnostachys Steud. (1854)
Cyperus nanilensis Boeckeler (1884)
Cyperus samoensis Boeckeler (1898)
Cyperus umbellatus (Misapplied)
Cyperus umbellatus f. cyperinus (Retz.) C.B.Clarke (1884)
Cyperus umbellatus var. cylindrostachys C.B.Clarke (1884)
Cyperus umbellatus var. laxatus C.B.Clarke (1884)
Cyperus venustus G.Forst. (1786)
Kyllinga bulbosa J.Koenig ex Vahl (1805)
Kyllinga cyperina Retz. (1791)
Kyllinga rigida Link (1833)
Mariscus cyperina
Mariscus cyperinus (Retz.) Vahl (1805)
Mariscus cyperinus subsp. laxatus (C.B.Clarke) T.Koyama (1977)
Mariscus cyperinus var. bengalensis C.B.Clarke (1893)
Mariscus cyperinus var. laxatus (C.B.Clarke) Kük. (1936)
Mariscus cyperinus var. maximus C.B.Clarke (1898)
Mariscus cyperinus var. pictus (Nees) Karthik. (1989)
Mariscus pictus Nees (1834)
Mariscus sundaicus Miq. (1859)
Mariscus tenuifolius Schrad. ex Nees (1842)
Mariscus umbellatus var. cyperinus (Retz.) E.G.Camus (1912)
Opetiola myosuroides Gaertn. (1788)
Torulinium samoense (Boeckeler) Palla (1909)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous

Island Status

Kaua'i Indigenous
O'ahu Indigenous
Molokai Indigenous
Maui Indigenous

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Cyperus Mal. Arch.: 154 (1898)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1416 (K, O, Mo [as Mariscus cyperinus]); Tucker 1994:87/Wagner & Herbst 1999:1900 (NOM:Syn. M. cyperinus); Starr et al. 2006:34 (EM)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. E Kawela, unnamed gulch to the E of the road to Puu Kolekole Cabin, E of East Kawela Gulch Common and scattered on sunny, rocky slopes in gulch. Veg: Dodonaea, Sida, Osteomeles, Lipochaeta, Diospyros, Metrosideros, Pleomele, Schiedea, Silene, Spermolepis, Carex, Antidesma, Lepidium, Bidens, Panicum, Eragrostis, Cyperus, Lantana, Ageratina. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Bakutis, A. Collector Number: H40911 Molokai BISH 4/2/2009
2 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. N fork and rim of Kikoula Gulch At edge of pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Collector Number: H120634 Molokai BISH 12/9/2006
3 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. road to Maunahui, Kaunakakai dry, bare slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 12617 Molokai BISH 12/26/1932
4 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. East Maui, Makawao District, Kanaio Natural Area Reserve Growing in soil pockets in a`a lava, above the rd, in remnant dry shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H20207 Maui BISH 2/24/2002
5 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. Kapuaokoolau Scattered and occasional in dry to mesic shrubland and forest. Vegetation: Dodonaea, Bidens, Leptecophylla, Sida, Pseudognaphalium, Pteridium, Myoporum, Spermolepis, Silene, Doryopteris, Metrosideros, Wikstroemia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H40709 Molokai BISH 4/5/2007
6 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. n fork and rim of kikoula gulch At edge of pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h120634 Molokai BISH 12/9/2006
7 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. east maui, kanaio national guard lower exclosure under Diospyros PRESERVED_SPECIMEN starr, f. starr, k. collector number: 040331-1 Kauai BISH 3/31/2004
8 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. East Maui, Kanaio National Guard lower exclosure A'a lava substrate with Dodonaea viscosa. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Starr, F. Starr, K. Collector Number: 040331-1 Maui BISH 3/31/2004
9 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. Kapuaokoolau Scattered and occasional in dry to mesic shrubland and forest. Vegetation: Dodonaea, Bidens, Leptecophylla, Sida, Pseudognaphalium, Pteridium, Myoporum, Spermolepis, Silene, Doryopteris, Metrosideros, Wikstroemia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Perlman, S.; Tangalin, N. Collector Number: H40709 Molokai BISH 4/5/2007
10 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. w makakupaia ridge open mixed scrub PRESERVED_SPECIMEN char, w.p. funk; hall; buelow collector number: 82.022 Molokai BISH 11/26/1982
11 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. kapuaokoolau on mossy trunk in rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. perlman, s.; tangalin, n. collector number: h40709 Maui BISH 4/5/2007
12 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. East Maui, Kanaio National Guard lower exclosure A'a lava substrate with Dodonaea viscosa. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Starr, F. 040331-1 Maui BISH 3/31/2004
13 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. Lualualei, back of valley, access from 59th St., S ridges of Puu Kaua exposed basalt outcrops; Toona ciliata, Aleurites moluccana, Schinus terebinthifolius, Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Santalum ellipticum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 10590 Oahu BISH 2/19/2004
14 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. W Makakupaia Ridge open mixed scrub PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Char, W.P. 82.022 Molokai BISH 11/26/1982
15 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. E. Maui, Kanaio National Guard lower exclosure. Aa lava substrate. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forest Starr Starr-040331-1 Maui PTBG 3/31/2004
16 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. Lualualei, back of valley, access from 59th st, southern ridges of Puu Kaua. Opn exposed basalt outcrops with non-native forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 10580 Oahu PTBG 2/19/2004
17 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. Lualualei, back of valley, access from 59th st, S ridges of Puu Kaua, open exposed basalt outcrops. Non-native forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K. R.; Lau, J. 10580 Oahu US 2/19/2004
18 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. lualualei, back of valley, access from 59th st, s ridges of puu kaua, open exposed basalt outcrops. Non-native forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood & j. lau 10580 Oahu US 2/19/2004
19 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. on kaholuamanoa, above waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. a. heller 2851 Kauai US 1895-10-01
20 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. On Kaholuamanoa, above Waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Heller, A. A. 2851 Kauai US 1895-00-00
21 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. Ridges above Makaha Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN MacDaniels, L. H. 580 Oahu US 1/31/2027
22 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. ridges above makaha valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. macdaniels 580 Oahu US 1/31/1927
23 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. molokini islet PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stokes, j.f.g. cooke, c.m.; pilsbry, h.a.; forbes, c.n. Maui BISH 2/10/1913
24 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. East Maui, Makawao District, Kanaio Natural Area Reserve Growing in soil pockets in a`a lava, above the rd, in remnant dry shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Duvall, F. Collector Number: H20207 Maui BISH 2/24/2002
25 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. E Kawela, unnamed gulch to the E of the road to Puu Kolekole Cabin, E of East Kawela Gulch Common and scattered on sunny, rocky slopes in gulch. Veg: Dodonaea, Sida, Osteomeles, Lipochaeta, Diospyros, Metrosideros, Pleomele, Schiedea, Silene, Spermolepis, Carex, Antidesma, Lepidium, Bidens, Panicum, Eragrostis, Cyperus, Lantana, Ageratina. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H40911 Molokai BISH 4/2/2009
26 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. lualualei, back of valley, access from 59th st., s ridges of puu kaua exposed basalt outcrops; Toona ciliata, Aleurites moluccana, Schinus terebinthifolius, Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Santalum ellipticum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. lau, j. collector number: 10590 Oahu BISH 2/19/2004
27 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. above makaha valley ridge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN macdaniels, l.h. collector number: 580 Oahu BISH 1/31/1927
28 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. east maui, makawao district, kanaio natural area reserve Growing in soil pockets in a`a lava, above the rd, in remnant dry shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. duvall, f. collector number: h20207 Maui BISH 2/24/2002
29 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. road to maunahui, kaunakakai dry, bare slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. et al. collector number: 12617 Molokai BISH 12/26/1932
30 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. in the dofaw nursery on maui In a nursery. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gagné, b.h. Maui BISH 7/16/1999
31 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. N fork and rim of Kikoula Gulch At edge of pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H120634 Molokai BISH 12/9/2006
32 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. unnamed gulch - 1st gulch e of road to puu kolekole on e side of e kawela gulch Locally common in mesic forest and shrubland. Veg: Dodonaea, Leptecophylla, Doryopteris, Metrosideros, Pellaea, Melinis, Wikstroemia, Pseudognaphalium, Bidens, Lepisorus, Asplenium, Myoporum, Ipomoea, Doryopteris, Pteridium, Chenopdium, Lantana, Wahlenbergia, Pinus, Ageratina. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. perlman, s. collector number: h10909 Molokai BISH 1/13/2009
33 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. e kawela, unnamed gulch to the e of the road to puu kolekole cabin, e of east kawela gulch Common and scattered on sunny, rocky slopes in gulch. Veg: Dodonaea, Sida, Osteomeles, Lipochaeta, Diospyros, Metrosideros, Pleomele, Schiedea, Silene, Spermolepis, Carex, Antidesma, Lepidium, Bidens, Panicum, Eragrostis, Cyperus, Lantana, Ageratina. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. bakutis, a. collector number: h40911 Molokai BISH 4/2/2009
34 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. unnamed gulch - 1st gulch E of road to puu Kolekole on E side of E Kawela Gulch Locally common in mesic forest and shrubland. Veg: Dodonaea, Leptecophylla, Doryopteris, Metrosideros, Pellaea, Melinis, Wikstroemia, Pseudognaphalium, Bidens, Lepisorus, Asplenium, Myoporum, Ipomoea, Doryopteris, Pteridium, Chenopdium, Lantana, Wahlenbergia, Pinus, Ageratina. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H10909 Molokai BISH 1/13/2009
35 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. above Makaha Valley ridge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN MacDaniels, L.H. 580 Oahu BISH 1/31/1927
36 Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. In the DOFAW Nursery on Maui In a nursery. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gagne, B.H. s.n. Maui BISH 7/16/1999
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