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Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora

(Murray) Griseb. (1859)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Euphorbiaceae Genus: Euphorbia

Mexican fire plant, painted leaf, red leaved wild poinsettia, wild poinsettia

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Glabrous annual herbs.

Stems: Stems green, ascending, somewhat glaucous, 1–5 dm long.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate toward base of stems, opposite above. Blades linear, ovate, or panduriform, 2–15 cm long, 0.1–4 cm wide. Apex acute or rarely short-acuminate. Base cuneate. Surfaces green, floral leaves usually red at least at base. Margins entire to coarsely dentate. Petiolate. Stipules present, brownish glands.

Flowers: Flowers in cyathia in dense terminal cymes. pistillate flowers solitary, on a gynophore; staminate flowers in 5 groups or cymules, each with 1 to several flowers. involucre ca. 3 mm high, glabrous, gland 1, bilabiate, flattened, without an appendage. Flowers unisexual and highly reduced. Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla (petals) absent. Male flower reduced to a single stamen, with an articulation at junction of pedicel and filament, subtended by slender bracteoles. Ovary superior, 3-carpellate; ovules 1 per cell, anatropous.

Fruit: Capsules broadly ovoid; 3–4 mm long. Seeds ovoid–cylindrical; the ends truncate or rounded; 2.5–3 mm long; the surface finely and sharply tuberculate; ecarunculate.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Low elevation; dry; disturbed sites.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) Naturalized
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Brit. W. I.: 45 (1859)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:618 (Mi, K, O, Mo, M); Staples & Herbst 2005:278, 285 (KEY), 288 (DESCR); Parker & Parsons 2010:41 (H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Growing in deep soil and also in cracks of a stone wall. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 1054 Oahu BISH 6/5/1985
2 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Palaau, in pineapple field on west side of Molokai airport Dry, exposed, windy. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5091 Molokai BISH 11/11/1974
3 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Laie; Kamehameha Highway Slope = flat. Soil = loam/sand. Roadside, weed or as ornament. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ziegelbauer, K. s.n. Oahu BISH 2/6/1975
4 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. waimea Along coast in arid region. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 8008 Oahu BISH 7/9/1926
5 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. honolulu, in diamond head crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. christophersen, e. collector number: 1317 Oahu BISH 5/11/1930
6 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. mokuleia, waialua Naturalized in waste places. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 30082 Oahu BISH 6/20/1965
7 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. honolulu, in diamond head crater koa woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. christophersen, e. collector number: 1344 Maui BISH 5/11/1930
8 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. near kekaha Common weed in dry, disturbed Leucaena thicket . PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. spence, g. collector number: 5234 Kauai BISH 2/26/1975
9 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. eastern island. also found on sand island PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neff, j.a. dumont, p.a. collector number: 9 Midway Atoll BISH 11/1/1954
10 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Eastern Island. Also found on Sand Island PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neff, J.A. 9 Midway Atoll BISH 11/1/1954
11 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Honolulu, In Diamond Head Crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 1344 Oahu BISH 5/11/1930
12 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. honolulu: bishop museum Growing in deep soil and also in cracks of a stone wall. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lau, j. collector number: 1054 Oahu BISH 6/5/1985
13 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Sand Island On sand dunes. PreservedSpecimen Herbst, D.R. Takeuchi, W.N. Collector Number: 6329 Midway Atoll BISH Specimen 6/29/1980
14 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Mokuleia, Waialua Naturalized in waste places. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 30082 Oahu BISH 6/20/1965
15 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. honolulu, kaimuki Roadside. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 2491 Oahu BISH 2/3/1928
16 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. laie; kamehameha highway wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ziegelbauer, k. collector number: s.n. Molokai BISH 2/6/1975
17 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Eastern Island. Also found on Sand Island PreservedSpecimen Neff, J.A. DuMont, P.A. Collector Number: 9 Midway Atoll BISH Specimen
18 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. sand island On sand dunes. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. takeuchi, w.n. collector number: 6329 Midway Atoll BISH 6/29/1980
19 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Sand Island PreservedSpecimen Frings, H.W. Collector Number: 12 Midway Atoll BISH Specimen 4/16/1962
20 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. west of Kekaha Growing in beach sand. In this area the plants form large colonies with kolokolo kai, 'a'ali'i, and koli. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Funk, E.J. 920042 Kauai BISH 4/13/1992
21 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Roadside at Kaimuki PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 2443.O Oahu BISH 4/1/1917
22 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Sand Island On sand dunes. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 6329 Midway Atoll BISH 6/29/1980
23 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 10529 Oahu BISH 6/28/1933
24 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Honolulu, Kaimuki Roadside. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 2491 Oahu BISH 2/3/1928
25 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. seed derived from waimea, oahu, and planted in honolulu garden and then drawn PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 8007 Oahu BISH 1/17/1931
26 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. palaau, in pineapple field on west side of molokai airport Dry, exposed, windy. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. spence, g. collector number: 5091 Molokai BISH 11/11/1974
27 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. roadside at kaimuki PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 2443.o Oahu BISH 4/1/1917
28 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. discovery harbor subdivision, naalehu Flowering, full sun, in coarse gravel/rock driveway at bottom of private property. Likely introduced from fill dirt or gravel. Indigofera sp., Dichondra sp., Mimosa pudica, Oxalis sp. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN mcguire, r. parker, j. collector number: bied 10 Hawaii BISH 7/17/2008
29 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. near Kekaha Common weed in dry, disturbed Leucaena thicket . PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5234 Kauai BISH 2/26/1975
30 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Honolulu, Diamond Head Crater Dry Prosopis forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 13898 Oahu BISH 5/28/1937
31 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Sand Island PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Frings, H.W. 12 Midway Atoll BISH 4/16/1962
32 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. w maui, along hwy 30 near olowalu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 892 Maui BISH 10/23/1971
33 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Waimea Along coast in arid region. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8008 Oahu BISH 7/9/1926
34 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. sand island PRESERVED_SPECIMEN frings, h.w. collector number: 12 Midway Atoll BISH 4/16/1962
35 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. Collector Number: 10529 Oahu BISH 6/28/1933
36 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. W Maui, along Hwy 30 near Olowalu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 892 Maui BISH 10/23/1971
37 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. honolulu, sunset beach Soil = sandy loam. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN afualo, d. collector number: 137 Oahu BISH 3/25/1975
38 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Discovery Harbor Subdivision, Naalehu Flowering, full sun, in coarse gravel/rock driveway at bottom of private property. Likely introduced from fill dirt or gravel. Indigofera sp., Dichondra sp., Mimosa pudica, Oxalis sp. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN McGuire, R. BIED 010 Hawaii BISH 7/17/2008
39 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN O Degener|I Degener AK 6/20/1965
40 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. vertical sea cliff faces at 5 m.; sea cliff faces PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener & iso degeuer 30082 CHRB
41 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Kekaha, Hwy 50, just West of Pueo Road on Mauka side of Hwy. Scattered in rubble on side of Hwy. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 1600 Kauai PTBG 10/4/2007
42 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Along coast in arid region PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener O Degener, O 8008 L 7/9/1926
43 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Honolulu, Kahala, Hakaka St. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN W. M. Bush 310 Oahu PTBG 2/7/1976
44 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. On the side of a gravel road south of Makauwahi cave. Many naturalized individuals present on a steep sloping roadside in alien shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kelsey Brock 850 Kauai PTBG 6/14/2016
45 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Kokee Road, .65 miles outside of Kekaha. Along edge of ditch. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1184 Kauai PTBG 8/21/1985
46 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. W. Maui, Honokowai, North of Honokowai Valley. In pineapple field. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H70043 Maui PTBG 7/3/2000
47 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Mahaulepu, near Grand Hyatt Kauai golf course. Secondary Invasion Dominated Coastal Dry Community PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Jesse Adams JWA_5 Kauai PTBG 3/2/2013
48 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Koloa District, on the side of a gravel road south of Makauwahi cave. Roadside shrubland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Brock, K. 850 Kauai US 6/14/2016
49 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. koloa district, on the side of a gravel road south of makauwahi cave. Roadside shrubland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. brock 850 Kauai US 6/14/2016
50 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 10529 Oahu BISH 6/28/1933
51 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Koloa District, on the side of a gravel road south of Makauwahi cave. Roadside shrubland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. Brock 850 Kauai US 6/14/2016
52 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Honolulu, Sunset Beach Soil = sandy loam. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Afualo, D. 137 Oahu BISH 3/25/1975
53 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. Seed derived from Waimea, Oahu, and planted in Honolulu garden and then drawn PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8007 Oahu BISH 1/17/1931
54 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. honolulu, diamond head crater Exotics consisting of Microsorium, Eugenia cumini, Eupatorium and Psidium. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 13898 Maui BISH 5/28/1937
55 Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb. west of kekaha Growing in beach sand. In this area the plants form large colonies with kolokolo kai, 'a'ali'i, and koli. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN funk, e.j. collector number: 920042 Kauai BISH 4/13/1992
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