img

Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri

(Sherff) Lowry (1987)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Apiales Family: Araliaceae Genus: Cheirodendron

‘ōlapa, kauila mohu, lapalapa, mahu

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Trees 5–15 m tall; secretory canals present in most parts.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves compound (palmate). Opposite. Leaflets 3–5(–7), coriaceous to chartaceous. midvein, margins, petiolule, and petiole usually tinged purple, petiolule often laterally compressed. Leaflets ovate, elliptic to broadly ovate, or occasionally somewhat obovate, the largest, central one 5-15(-18) cm long, usually 1/2 to sometimes nearly as wide. Apex rounded, obtuse, or occasionally emarginate to caudate-acuminate. Base broadly cuneate to rounded or subtruncate. Margins somewhat thickened, entire to serrate–crenate, the teeth strongly curved upward and in toward the margins, glandular, and usually less than 1 mm long. Veins flat on upper surface (slightly sunken in dried material). Petioles base often broad and sheathing the stem. Petioles 5–12 cm long, petiolules 1–3(–4) cm long, subterete. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in terminal, erect, oppositely branched panicles of umbellules. Inflorescences up to 20(–24) cm long. Bracts minute, subconnate, persistent, forming an involucel below the umbellules and pseudocalyx below each flower; pedicels 1.5–6 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect) and functionally staminate (the plants andromonoecious). Calyx of 5 short, basally connate teeth. Corolla of 5(6) petals, buds dark purple, petals purple externally at maturity, greenish within, valvate, caducous, triangular to ovate or oblong, apex inflexed. Stamens usually as many as and alternate with the petals, sometimes numerous, distinct, inserted at the edge of the epigynous nectary disk; 5, pale yellow, spreading. Ovary inferior, 2(3)-carpellate, carpels connate (rarely pseudomonomerous), with as many cells; ovules pendulous, 2 per cell, 1 abortive; styles 2–(–3), 1–2 mm long, distinct or connate up to ca. 1⁄2 their length and then forming a short, conical stylopodium, the distinct arms divergent to spreading.

Fruit: Drupe; green; ripening dark purple; exocarp fleshy; globose; or laterally compressed and orbicular or oblate to ovoid or obovoid; 3–7.5 mm long; pyrenes cartilaginous; laterally compressed; as many as styles. [Gaudichaud–Beaupé; 1830; Gray; 1854a; Heller; 1897; Herat; 1981; Hochreutiner; 1925; Krajina; 1931; Leveille; 1911a; St. John; 1959; Seemann; 1864–1868; Sherff; 1951c; 1952a; 1954a; 1962]; ovate to circular or subglobose; laterally compressed; weakly 3–4(5)–sided (strongly ribbed when dry); 5–8 mm long (incl. styles). Seeds 1 per pyrene; embryo small.

Ploidy: 2n = 24*

Habitat: Occurring in mesic to wet forest.

Elevation Range: 440–1250 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • Cheirodendron trigynum is by far the most polymorphic member of the genus. Sherff (1954a) recognized 15 varieties and 3 forms, based primarily on differences in leaflet shape and carpel number, as well as fruit size and the number of flowers per um
  • Description digitized by Tim/curated by Pu

Bibliography

Name Published In: Pacific Sci. 40: 81 (1986 publ. 1987)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:228 (K)

Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., & Sohmer, S. H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, Vols. 1 and 2 (No. Edn 2). University of Hawai'i and Bishop Museum Press.

Lowry, P.P. (1986). A Synopsis of Native Hawaiian Araliaceae. Pacific Science 40 1-4, 79-87

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forested area Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1014 Kauai BISH 1968-04-02
2 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details mountains Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 575 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
3 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details open; with Acacia koa Preserved_Specimen Little Jr., E.L. 31158 Kauai BISH 1976-08-31
4 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Woods Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27205 Kauai BISH 1960-11-19
5 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details moist Metrosideros woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 26006 Kauai BISH 1956-12-29
6 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details open; with Acacia koa Preserved_Specimen Little Jr., E.L. 31158 Kauai BISH 1976-08-31
7 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Found with Syzygium sandwicensis, Kadua affinis, Pittosporum gayanum, P. glabrum, Ilex anomala, Melicope anisata, M. clusiifolia, Myrsine dentata, M. Punctata, Psychotria hexandra, P. mariniana, P. greenwel. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 15222 Kauai BISH 2012-09-14
8 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Metrosideros polymorpha, Syzygium sandwicensis, Antidesma, Tetraplasandra, Psychotria, shrubs, ferns, Cyrtandra Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 6693 Kauai BISH 1991-01-29
9 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details open forest Preserved_Specimen Lowry II, P.P. 3524 Kauai BISH 1984-10-05
10 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest w/ 8-10 m tall closed canopy, w/ Melicope clusiifolia, Myrsine wawraea, Kadua affinis, Smilax, Vaccinium, Ilex, Myrsine lessertiana, Dubautia laxa, Clermontia fauriei, Lobelia kauaensis, Cibotium, and Sadlera, terrestrially dominated by Peperomia hesperomannii with a great diversity of bryophytes. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 14168 Kauai BISH 2010-04-07
11 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros - Acacia montane mesic forest Alphitonia ponderosa, Santalum pyrularium, Kadua affins, Coprosma waimeae, Ilex anomala, Cheirodendron trigynum, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Scaevola procera, Dodonaea viscosa, Dubautia laevigata, Bidens Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 15413 Kauai BISH 2013-02-16
12 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details forest; with Metrosideros and Eugenia Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 84 Kauai BISH 1982-11-13
13 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Sunny rain-forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27204 Kauai BISH 1960-11-16
14 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Ilex, Metrosideros, Syzygium, Eurya Preserved_Specimen Gagné, W.C. 588 Kauai BISH 1970-09-07
15 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest on ridge With Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Vaccinium dentatum, Smilax, Ilex, Sadleria Preserved_Specimen Tangalin, N. 3801 Kauai BISH 2014-06-03
16 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet forest Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13692 Kauai BISH 1933-12-27
17 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details 95% open shrubland/herbland with sparse tree cover of Metrosideros polymorpha w/ Dicranopteris linearis, Machaerina angustifolia, M. mariscoides, Sida fallax, Cibotum glaucum, Sadleria pallida, Kadua terminalis, K. fluviatilis, Psychotria mariniana, Antidesma platyphyllum var. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 18669 Kauai BISH 2021-04-05
18 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet Mesic Forest. Cheirodendron sp., Metrosideros polymorpha, Hydrangea arguta, Dianella sandwicense, Peperomia sp., Vaccinium calyclnum. living inside bowl amongst ferns. Preserved_Specimen Romero, C. 1050623 Kauai BISH 2023-05-06
19 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Pelea Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2462 Kauai BISH 1985-09-21
20 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forested area Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1014 Kauai BISH 1968-04-02
21 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Dianella, Cheirodendron forest Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 1193 Kauai BISH 1973-09-02
22 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Metrosideros, Bidens, Pluchea odorata, Dicranopteris Preserved_Specimen Gagné, W.C. 556 Kauai BISH 1970-08-27
23 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Woods Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27205 Kauai BISH 1960-11-19
24 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Dianella, Cheirodendron forest Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 1193 Kauai BISH 1973-09-02
25 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet Mesic Forest. Metrosideros polymorpha, Melicope clusiifolia, Leptecophylla tameiameiae, Vaccinium calycinum. growing on forest ground off side of trail surrounded by ferns. Preserved_Specimen Romero, C. 3050423 Kauai BISH 2023-05-04
26 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details ohia forest Preserved_Specimen Spence, G. 192 Kauai BISH 1973-07-25
27 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rain-forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27206 Kauai BISH 1960-11-26
28 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Chock, A.K. 949 Kauai BISH 1953-08-17
29 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lane, I.E. 5018 Kauai BISH 1950-01-01
30 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 4055 Kauai BISH 1969-08-01
31 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 804 Kauai BISH 1927-02-17
32 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 3881 Kauai BISH 1938-08-19
33 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 901 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
34 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6499 Kauai BISH 1970-07-16
35 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. 423 Kauai BISH 1987-06-19
36 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3704 Kauai BISH 1961-08-09
37 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 777 Kauai BISH 1955-06-15
38 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5378 Kauai BISH 1984-05-28
39 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Chock, A.K. 949 Kauai BISH 1953-08-17
40 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2795 Kauai BISH 1895-09-02
41 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Long, C.R. 3990 Kauai BISH 1966-06-29
42 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2496 Kauai BISH 1895-07-11
43 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2496 Kauai BISH 1895-07-11
44 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2195 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
45 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 29 Kauai BISH 1968-01-01
46 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3409 Kauai BISH 1960-04-14
47 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Alexander, A.M. 5197 Kauai BISH 1947-03-07
48 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Chock, A.K. 951 Kauai BISH 1953-08-17
49 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Chock, A.K. 904 Kauai BISH 1953-08-10
50 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Crosby, M.R. 1997 Kauai BISH 1964-08-12
51 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2183 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
52 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet Mesic Forest Leptecophylla tameiamelae, Cheirodendron sp., Metrosideros polymorpha, Peperomia sp., Smilax sp., Vaccinium calycinum growing on a ride side close to a stream Preserved_Specimen Romero, C. 3050523 Kauai BISH 2023-05-05
53 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 1161 Kauai BISH 1985-08-12
54 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros open mesic forest with adjacent transitional wet forest and slopes of Dicranopteris w/ Kadua affinis, Cheirodendron fauriei, Ilex, Syzygium sandwicensis, Myrsine linearifolia, Scaevola procera, Xylosma hawaiiense, Cyrtandra paludosa, Lysimachia sp, Santalum pyrularium, Dubautia laevi Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 18686 Kauai BISH 2021-05-10
55 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet Mesic forest Cheirodendron sp., Metrosideros polymorpha, Diocranopteris linearis, Melicope clusliifolia, Cibotium menzeesii, Vaccinium calycinum growing somewhat on the ridge satarting to go down slope Preserved_Specimen Romero, C. 5050523 Kauai BISH 2023-05-05
56 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet Mesic Forest. Cibotium menzeesii, Cheirodendron sp., Myrsine sp., Metrosideros polymorpha, Dicranopteris, linearis, Leptecophylla tameiameiae, Dianella sandwicense, Hydrangea arguta, Vaccinium calycinum. on side of face of valley Preserved_Specimen Romero, C. 2050723 Kauai BISH 2023-05-07
57 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forested area Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1014 Kauai BISH 1968-04-02
58 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Dicranopteris Preserved_Specimen Fay, J.J. 251 Kauai BISH 1974-11-25
59 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rain-forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27206 Kauai BISH 1960-11-26
60 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest yielding rapidly to dry Koa-Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6517 Kauai BISH 1970-07-17
61 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Cheirodendron kauaiense, Metrosideros polymorpha, Pittosporum gayanum, Pelea, Dubautia paleata, Ilex anomala; edge of bog Preserved_Specimen Gustafson, R. 1064 Kauai BISH 1978-11-26
62 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest yielding rapidly to dry Koa-Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6517 Kauai BISH 1970-07-17
63 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details S facing slope; Ilex, Psychotria, Melicope anisata Preserved_Specimen Trauernicht, C. 456 Kauai BISH 2006-04-17
64 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rain-forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 23858 Kauai BISH 1955-09-07
65 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Metrosideros, Tetraplasandra Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5998 Kauai BISH 1988-05-17
66 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forested area around parking lot. Preserved_Specimen Lowry II, P.P. 3521 Kauai BISH 1984-10-05
67 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Transition betw wet and dry forest Preserved_Specimen Stern, W.L. 1296 Kauai BISH 1961-08-01
68 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Metrosideros, Syzygium, Ilex, Nestegis; steep, rocky slopes Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5297 Kauai BISH 1987-07-16
69 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open rainforest in valley Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. 1453 Kauai BISH 1940-07-28
70 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10765 Kauai BISH 1930-12-27
71 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia koa- Metrosideros - Dicranopteris linearis mesic- wet forest. With Cheirodendron spp., Scaevola procera, Bobea brevipes, Dodonaea viscosa, Ilex anomala, Coprosma kauaensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Letecophylla tameiameiae, Psychotria greenwelliae, Santalum f.v. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 23048 Kauai BISH 2012-10-11
72 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details dry forest; with Metrosideros, Cyanea, Acacia koa Preserved_Specimen Gagné, W.C. 549 Kauai BISH 1970-08-24
73 Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet Mesic Forest Cheirodendron sp., Metrosideros polymorpha, Hydrangea arguta, Dianella sandwicense, Peperomia sp., Vaccinium calychum Preserved_Specimen Romero, C. 2050623 Kauai BISH 2023-05-06
Back to Top