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Exocarpos luteolus

C.N.Forbes (1910)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Santalopsida Order: Santalales Family: Santalaceae Genus: Exocarpos

au, heau

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or trees 0.5–4.5 m tall.

Stems: Stems green, moderately to densely branched, especially toward the apex.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate, rarely subopposite. Blades of 2 kinds, scalelike and foliaceous, the latter type usually present, elliptic, oblanceolate to broadly obovate, (36–)50–80(–87) mm long, (18–) 25–36 mm wide. Base attenuate. Margins entire. Secondary veins arising at the leaf base and running parallel to the midrib. Sessile. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in terminal and axillary spikes. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla of 5–6 petals; petals green, ca. 1 mm long. Stamens (4–)5; all more or less similar in shape. Ovary partly superior, embedded in a fleshy receptacle; ovule 1, embedded in the placenta and scarcely differentiated from it (the placental column could be taken as a single massive ovule).

Fruit: Drupes pale yellow at maturity; cylindrical; slightly expanded to a truncate apex with 4 conspicuous indentations; (9–) 11–16 mm long; the exposed portion above the receptacle 6–9 mm long; partially embedded in a golden yellow; fleshy receptacle.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Along borders of Wahiawa Bog (Kanaele Swamp) and on several widely spaced dry ridges.

Elevation Range: 600–1,100 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 4: 296 (1910)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1218 (K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Swezey, O.H. Kauai BISH 1932-06-27
2 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5433 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
3 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 434 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
4 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. BISH
5 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. BISH
6 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. BISH
7 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest with Alphitonia, Planchonella, Bobea brevipes, Xylosma, Antidesma, Diospyros sandwicensis, Myrsine lanaiensis, Dodonaea, Wikstroemia furcata, Leptecophylla, Kadua affinis, Melicope ovata, M. barbigera, Preserved_Specimen Tree, 2 meters tall, along steep slope near dropping ridge, only broad leaves, no scale-like leaves observed, single tree, mapped Wood, K.R. 16788 Kauai BISH 2016-04-07
8 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic forest dissected by cliffy terrain dominatred by 50 - 80 % cover of dwarf shrubs and grasses with Eragrostis variabilis, Chamaeyce celastroides var. hanapepensis, Artemisia australis, Bidens sandvicensis, and Metrosideros, occasional Pipturus, Boehmeria, Neraudia kauaiensis, Panicum lineale, Lysimachia kalalauensis, and Nototrichium divaricatum, Preserved_Specimen Tree 4 m tall, on exposed ridge with Zanthoxylum diptealum, single plant. Wood, K.R. 12493 Kauai BISH 2007-08-09
9 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest w/ Alphitonia onderosa, Antidesma platyphylla, Euphorbia atrococca, Kadua affins, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Mysine lanaiensis, M. alyxifolia, Cheirodendron trigynum, Nestegis sandwi Preserved_Specimen Tree, vegetative, 3 tree 3.5-4m tall, mapped, additional tree at UTM: 0436195-2445194. Wood, K.R. 17822 Kauai BISH 2018-05-09
10 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Antidesma platphylla, Euphorbia atrococca, Kadua affinis, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, M. alyxifolia, Cheirodendron trigynum, Nestegis sandwi___ Preserved_Specimen Tree, reclined, 4 meters long, moderately branched, vegetative, one tree at this siete, 2 more ca. 25 meters below along ridge, mapped. Wood, K.R. 17766 Kauai BISH 2018-01-19
11 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Kawaiki ridge and nearby drainages to north Metrosideros- Acacia montane mesic forest Alphitonia ponderosa, Santalum pyrularium, Kadua affinis, Coprosma waimea, Ilex anomala, Cheirodendron trigynum, Claoxylon sandwicensis Scaevola procera, Dodonaea viscosa, Dubautia laevigata, Bidens Preserved_Specimen tree, 3 m tall, with immature fruit, just below ridge, single plant, mapped Wood, K.R. 15427 Kauai BISH 2013-02-18
12 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On steep declivity, with Dicranopteris, koa, Metrosideros, Styphelia, Dodonaea. Preserved_Specimen Dense, much branched shrub, about 8 ft tall. Branches brittle, pale grayish-green becoming yellow-green at tips. Fruit dull, golden-yellow. Compare with E. luteolus. Herbst, D.R. 2159 Kauai BISH 1971-09-22
13 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros - Acacia montane mesic forest w/ Alphitonia ponderosa, Antidesma platyphylla, Euphorbia atrococca, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, Dracaena aurea, Polyscias kavaiensis, Planchonella sandwicensis, Bob Preserved_Specimen Tree, 4 m tall, mostly all broad-leafed, no modified stems observed, in flower, no fruit, mapped. Wood, K.R. 17156 Kauai BISH 2016-10-20
14 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros polymorpha mixed mesic forest Gahnia beecheyi, Dianella sandwicensis, Dubautia laevigata, Hedyotis terminalis, Cheirodendron trigynum, Psychotria mariniana, Poa sandwicensis, Bidens cosmoides, Peperomia macraena, Peperomia latifo Preserved_Specimen 3.5 meter tall tree, thickly branched tree, with fruit, growing in brown granular soil with talus, leaf litter, and occasional terrestrial moss, three trees in area. Wood, K.R. 9106 Kauai BISH 2001-09-25
15 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Exocarpos Bog, Open bog. Dominated by Metrosideros and Rhynchospora, Oreobolis, Lepticophylla tameiameiae, Wikestroemia, Carex montis-eeka, Gahnia beechyii, bog margins of Metrosideros, Melicope clusiifolia, Dubautia paleata Preserved_Specimen Tree, 2m tall, densely branched with scale-like and foliaceous leaves, some flowers, no fruit Wood, K.R. 12543 Kauai BISH 2007-09-09
16 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia mixed mesic forest with Dubautia laevigata, Kadua affinis, Cheirodendron spp., Dianella sandwicensis, Poa sandwicensis, Bidens cosmoides, Peperomia membranacea, Microlepia strigosa, Dryopteris fuscoatra, Cyanea leptostegi Preserved_Specimen Tree, along ridge, in flower, 3 meters tall, vigorous, 3 trees in general vicinity Wood, K.R. 16543 Kauai BISH 2015-07-14
17 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Below trail rim in steep Dicranopteris. Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis montane mesic with Alphitonia ponderosa, Melicope feddei, Planchonella sandwicensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Bobea brevipes, Melicope barbigera, Dodonaea viscosa, Kadua affinis, Doodia kunthiana Preserved_Specimen 3 plants observed Wood, K.R. 15146 Kauai BISH 2012-08-03
18 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros mixed mesic forest with; Hedyotis, Tetraplasandra, Exocarpos, Ilex, Pleomele, Perrottetia, Asplenium, Styphelia, Chamaesyce, Dodonaea. Ca. 10 plants on ridge running E-W. Preserved_Specimen 2.5 m tall tree; in flower and fruit; mature fruit yellow; Wood, K.R. 1270 Kauai BISH 1991-10-11
19 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Kalalau rim, Na Pali Coast State Park, between lookouts Kahuamaa flat. Metrosideros- Dicranopteris linearis wet forest. With Xyosma hawaiiense, Plancholla sandwicensis, Psychotria greenwelliae, Scaevola procera, Nestegis sandicensis, Ilex anomala, Syzgium sandwicensis, Sadleria. Weeds: Passiflora mollissima Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3 meter ht with fruit, fruit yellow, about 10 plants. NTBG # 120600 Perlman, S. 23036 Kauai BISH 2012-10-04
20 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diverse mesic forest. W/Dodonaea viscosa, Ilex anomala, Metrosideros polymorpha, Antidesma platyphylla, Coprosma waimeae, Kadua affinis, Dianella sandwicensis, Microlepia strigosa, Rubus argutus, Melinis minutiflore Preserved_Specimen 2 m tall, branched at base and sprawling across slope on gulch side (E) of trail. Minute flowers on branches. Fruits with swollen fleshy yellow-red receptacles, yellow drupes. Also immature green fruit present. Williams, A.M. 17 Kauai BISH 2013-09-12
21 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Antidesma platyphylla, Euphorbia atrococca, Claoxylong sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Dracaena aurea, Polyscias kavaiensis, Planch Preserved_Specimen tree, on descending ridge, 1.5 m tall, no fruit, one of 5 trees in general area Wood, K.R. 15069 Kauai BISH 2012-07-11
22 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest, W/ Alphitonia ponderosa, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Wikstroemia furcata, Tetraplasandra kavaiensis, Psychotria greenwelliae; P. Mariniana, Zanthoxylum dipetalum, Nestegis s Preserved_Specimen tree, multi trunked, 4 m tall, vigorous, on south-facing slope, in flower and fruit, 3 trees observed near each other Wood, K.R. 14513 Kauai BISH 2011-02-14
23 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Windswept dividing ridge between Hanapepe and Wahiawa; shrubland above Metrosideros-Dicranopteris Montane Wet forest with Cheirodendron, Hedyotis terminalis, Broussaisia, Ilex anomala, Pittosporum glabrum. Windswept shrublands on upper ridges. Threats: Rubus rosifolius, Psidium cattleianum. Preserved_Specimen 2 plants on ridge, 50 cm. tall; in flower and fruit. Wood, K.R. 2643 Kauai BISH 1993-06-30
24 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details With Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Styphelia, Dodonaea, Dicranopteris. Open, dry, well-drained. Preserved_Specimen Dense, much branched shrub about 8 ft tall. Bark reddish-brown; young branches striate, pale grayish-green, becoming yellowish at tips; full leaaves uncommon, yellow-green; fruit dull golden-yellow. Herbst, D.R. 2159 Kauai BISH 1971-09-22
25 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia mixed mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Diospyros sandwicensis, Planchonella sandwicensis, Santalum pyrularium, Kadua affinis, Coprosma waimeae, Ilex anomala, Cheirodendron trigynum, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Scaevola Preserved_Specimen Tree, 4.5 meters tall with flowrs and 2 yellow fruit Wood, K.R. 18264 Kauai BISH 2019-07-24
26 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Acacia koa-Metrosideros mesic forrest with Styphelia, Dianella sandwicensis, Psychotria mariniana, Santalum freycinetianum var pyrularium, Charpentiera elliptica, Claoxylon, Lantana, Rubus argutus, Psidium cattleianum. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3 m ht, frt 10 - 15 mm long, cylindrical receptacle, golden yellow, drupw pale yellow, truncate apex. Perlman, S. 19879 Kauai BISH 2005-11-18
27 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Antidesma platyphylla, Euphorbia atrococca, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Dracaena aurea, Polyscias kavaiensis, Planch Preserved_Specimen tree, 2 m tall, in open Dicranopteris hillside Wood, K.R. 15066 Kauai BISH 2012-07-11
28 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis mesic to transitional wet forest and drainage with Diplopterygium pinnatum, Sticherus owhyhensis, Syzygium sandwicensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Bobea brevipes, Ilex anomala, Wikstroemia furcata, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Polyscias waimeae, Melicope a Preserved_Specimen Tree, 2 meters tall, many branched, early flower, single plant, Wood, K.R. 16420 Kauai BISH 2015-04-28
29 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In overgrown WWII trench cut across top of ridge. Associated species, relative abundance: Metrosideros, Santalum, Dicranopteris, Euphorbia. Preserved_Specimen Shrub, 1 m high. Gagné, W.C. 559 Kauai BISH 1970-08-27
30 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details At top of steep slope with koa, ohia lehua, large leaved Myrsine. Preserved_Specimen Plews, J.H.R. Kauai BISH 1985-08-08
31 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Antidesma platyphylla, Euphorbia atrococca, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Dracaena aurea, Polyscias kavaiensis, Planch Preserved_Specimen tree, 1.75 m tall, on of 5 trees in general area Wood, K.R. 15068 Kauai BISH 2012-07-11
32 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros lowland wet forest with; Syzygium, Antidesma, Melicope, Cheirodendron, Hedyotis, Broussaisia, Hesperomannia, Cyanea spp., Dubautia, Labordia, Eurya, Platydesma, Scaevola, Cyrtandra spp., sedges, grasses, and bryophytes are common with epiphytes growing within shrub layer. Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m tall; in flower, no fruit; groiwng on ridge; 3 plants in area. Wood, K.R. 1052 Kauai BISH 1991-07-11
33 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia-Metrosideros montane mesic forest with; Schiedea, Dodonaea, Carex, Gahnia, Melicope, Bidens, Psychotria, Coprosma, Melinis, Vulpia, Poa, Alsinidendron. Preserved_Specimen 3 m tall tree; in flower, no fruit; vigorous. Wood, K.R. 857 Kauai BISH 1991-05-16
34 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros Montane Mixed Mesic forest with Acacia koa, Bidens cosmoides, Schiedea nuttallii, Poa sandwicensis, Solanum sandwicensis, Labordia helleri. Collected in Acacia koa belt with Alphitonia ponderosa, Chamaesyce atrococca. Threats: pigs, rat predation observed. Preserved_Specimen 3 trees 930 m. elev.; 6 m. long fallen tree, 12 cm. diam. at base. Wood, K.R. 674 Kauai BISH 1991-03-26
35 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3 ft high; sterile. Judd, C.S. 78 Kauai BISH 1938-12-31
36 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5432 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
37 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest, w/ Alphitonia ponderosa, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Wikstroemia furcata, Tetraplasandra kavaiensis, Psychotria greenwelliae & P. mariniana, Zanthoxylum dipetalum, Nestegis s Preserved_Specimen Tree, multi trunked, 4 m tall, vigorous, on south-facing slope, in flower and fruit, 3 trees observed near each other Wood, K.R. 14511 Kauai BISH 2011-02-14
38 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet places in and bordering the swamp Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 260 Kauai BISH 1908-05-01
39 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Occasional bush. Fruit green to orange; perianth yellow-green; anthers and stigma red. Crosby, M.R. 2053 Kauai BISH 1964-08-13
40 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1820 Kauai BISH 1909-03-03
41 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1819 Kauai BISH 1909-03-03
42 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros polymorpha var. glaberrima and Acacia koa montane, mesic forest. With Metrosideros polymorpha var. glaberrima, Dodonaea viscosa, leptecophylla tameiameiae, Melicope barbigera, Dianella sandwicensis, Acacia mearnsil. Preserved_Specimen Large shrub, about 10 feet tall and a 16 foot canopy spreat. In flower. Walsh, S. 608 Kauai BISH 2018-07-13
43 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5636 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
44 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10062 Kauai BISH 1911-10-01
45 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1001 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
46 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 434 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
47 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 260 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
48 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 260 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
49 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5931 Kauai BISH 1909-01-01
50 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5442 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
51 Exocarpos luteolus Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH 1908-05-01
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