Paspalum scrobiculatum

L. (1767)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Paspalum

mau‘u laiki, mau‘u laiki mauu laiki], ricegrass

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennial grass.

Stems: Culms tufted, stout, erect, 6-12 dm tall, glabrous, somewhat bulbous at base.

Roots: Roots fibrous.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades flat, erect or ascending, 12-40 cm long, 3-12 mm wide. Apex acute. Surfaces scabrous, upper surface glaucous, the midrib conspicuous on lower surface. Veins parallel. Sheaths 7-14 cm long, glabrous or sometimes sparsely long-hispid at throat, somewhat compressed, basal ones often purple-tinged, usually with minute membranous auricles; ligule membranous, 1-1.5 mm long with a dense row of hairs 1-2 mm long behind it. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Racemes 4-6, widely spaced, alternate, spreading, 2-4 cm long, villous at base, glabrous or sparsely long-pilose in the axils, the axis 4-9 cm long, rachis 1-1.5 mm wide, scabrous, margins usually red; spikelets solitary or paired, closely imbricate, broadly elliptic, 2-2.5 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide, glabrous; second glume 3-nerved. First lemma 3-nerved, midnerve distinct, marginal nerves faint; second lemma brown, cartilaginous, indurate, slightly shorter than second glume and first lemma, strongly convex, finely punctate; palea nerveless or 2-nerved, similar to lemma.

Fruit: Caryopsis whitish; broadly elliptic; compressed; ca. 1.5 mm long.

Ploidy: 2n = 20; 40; 42; 50; 54; 60; 80; ca. 90; 120

Habitat: Common on slopes in poor; thin soil where few other grasses will grow; and in wet; swampy ground.

Elevation Range: 0–1,070 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

Synonyms (54)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Mant. Pl. 1: 29 (1767)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1576 (K, O, Mo, M, H); Herbst & Clayton 1998:32/Snow & Lau 2010:55/Faccenda 2023c:133 (KEY); Faccenda 2025a (change status from ind? to nat)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Paspalum scrobiculatum Above kukuihaile, near cane fields Preserved_Specimen Rock 4530 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-18
2 Paspalum scrobiculatum Puukipili [probably Puu Ka Pele] Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 546 Molokai BISH 1916-06-04
3 Paspalum scrobiculatum Palolo Valley Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 60 Oahu BISH 1919-11-09
4 Paspalum scrobiculatum Pohakea Pass Preserved_Specimen Whistler, W.A. 405 Oahu BISH 1982-05-27
5 Paspalum scrobiculatum Lihue Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 479 Kauai BISH 1916-10-04
6 Paspalum scrobiculatum Along ridge trail starting at the old abandoned Mormon church & cemetery on the Kawa (Kaaawa?) side Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 180 Oahu BISH 1972-08-18
7 Paspalum scrobiculatum Kukuihaele Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 4527 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-18
8 Paspalum scrobiculatum Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 59 Oahu BISH 1864-01-01
9 Paspalum scrobiculatum Palolo Valley Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 60 Oahu BISH 1919-11-09
10 Paspalum scrobiculatum Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1717 Oahu BISH 1911-04-16
11 Paspalum scrobiculatum Pensacola Preserved_Specimen Lyman, R.A. 3532 Oahu BISH 1939-08-11
12 Paspalum scrobiculatum S ridge of Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, Koolau Mts. Zone 2 Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. Oahu BISH 1932-05-15
13 Paspalum scrobiculatum Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Andersson, N.J. Oahu BISH 1852-01-01
14 Paspalum scrobiculatum In & on the slopes of Makiki Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. Oahu BISH 1895-03-21
15 Paspalum scrobiculatum Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Andersson, N.J. Oahu BISH 1852-07-01
16 Paspalum scrobiculatum Mokuleia, slopes of Kaala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1912-04-26
17 Paspalum scrobiculatum Windward side of northern part of Kalepa Ridge Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1977-07-20
18 Paspalum scrobiculatum Puu Uau, Aiea Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. Oahu BISH 1924-12-07
19 Paspalum scrobiculatum At Tantalus (J.C. Ripperton's house) Preserved_Specimen Ripperton, J.C. Oahu BISH 1931-02-12
20 Paspalum scrobiculatum East Maui, Olinda, upper ditch trail Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Maui BISH 1908-11-23
21 Paspalum scrobiculatum Windward side of northern part of Kalepa Ridge Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1977-07-20
22 Paspalum scrobiculatum Lower Kipahulu Valley, ara between upper pasture & the gauging station on Palakea Stream Preserved_Specimen Gagné, B.H. Maui BISH 1975-03-01
23 Paspalum scrobiculatum unknown Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. BISH 1864-01-01
24 Paspalum scrobiculatum unknown Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. BISH 1864-01-01
25 Paspalum scrobiculatum On the second ridge of Hauula Mt range Growing under octopus plant community. Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 216 Oahu BISH 1972-08-23
26 Paspalum scrobiculatum located down Kona- Hilo Hwy 4 mi past Hongo Store towards Hilo. Turn right onto Fern Estates Rd. Plant was ca. 200 m down Fern Estates Rd, on right side. (plot 55) Metrosideros-Dicranopteris-Andropogon scrub forest community Preserved_Specimen Grass ca. 3 ft ht. Newell, C.L. 675 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-31
27 Paspalum scrobiculatum Near Sacred Falls Found in open field. Preserved_Specimen Whitney, L.D. 4196 Oahu BISH 1936-05-30
28 Paspalum scrobiculatum Honolulu; Manoa Valley Open ground on hillside. Preserved_Specimen Gregarious. Hitchcock, A.S. 13730 Oahu BISH 1916-06-16
29 Paspalum scrobiculatum ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District The plant was collected in a clearing next to a Pandanus grove. The soil in the area is `a`a with little organic material. Preserved_Specimen Yoshida, L. 79.111 Hawaii BISH 1979-04-19
30 Paspalum scrobiculatum Near Sacred falls Open field Preserved_Specimen Whitney, L.D. 4196 Oahu BISH 1936-05-30
31 Paspalum scrobiculatum Kahaluu Forest Reserve, along trail open places along trail. Assoc w/ metrosideros, Pipturus, Hedyotis. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 188 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-06
32 Paspalum scrobiculatum ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District Common along dirt roads in the experimental tree planting site on the side of the Puna Trail. The soil is crushed lava or cinder. The area where the plant was collected was exposed to direct sunlight. Preserved_Specimen Herb. Yoshida, L. 79.072 Hawaii BISH 1979-03-08
33 Paspalum scrobiculatum Mokolii Islet, Kualoa Dry slope. Preserved_Specimen Caespitose. Fosberg, F.R. 13594 Oahu BISH 1937-01-31
34 Paspalum scrobiculatum ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District The plant is common along the side of the dirt road that runs through the ahupua`a. The plant grows exposed to direct sunlight in stoney soil. The grass is growing associated with Paspalum spp. and Andropogon spp. Preserved_Specimen Grass. Yoshida, L. 79.048 Hawaii BISH 1979-02-28
35 Paspalum scrobiculatum East Maui, Hana District, Waihoi Valley, N side of valley Along streambank, w/ Sacciolepis indica. Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 2563 Maui BISH 1972-07-21
36 Paspalum scrobiculatum Above Kukuihaele Near cane fields. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 4526 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-18
37 Paspalum scrobiculatum Hwy 11 about halfway between Ke'au and Kurtistown, near Kamehameha School Roadside, near water tank with vendors set up, sunny, infrequently mowed area Preserved_Specimen Uncommon, over 20 plants seen in this area. Caespitose, decumbent, rooting at lower nodes, almost appearing rhizomatous. Most spikelets paired but with the lowest member of the pair aborted, rarely with both members developed or with the lower pair entire Faccenda, K. 2650 Hawaii BISH 2022-08-14
38 Paspalum scrobiculatum Hilo entrance to Hawaii National Park Found in marshy place. Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 404 Hawaii BISH 1943-02-24
39 Paspalum scrobiculatum P.T.B.G., Lawai Valley Growing on dry, exposed bank. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2338 Kauai BISH 1972-01-27
40 Paspalum scrobiculatum Punaluu Cane field. Preserved_Specimen Nakagawa, S. Oahu BISH 1930-09-28
41 Paspalum scrobiculatum Kalaupapa; Waikolu, lower, forest bird plot degraded Preserved_Specimen perennial grass Wysong, M.L. 750 Molokai BISH 2005-03-31
42 Paspalum scrobiculatum East Maui, Moku Huki, islet off N coast low basalt tide pools, ridge line; Sphenomeris chinensis, Sadleria pallida, Phymatosorus grossus, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, Scaevola sericea, Pandanus tectorius, Paspalum scrobiculatum, Carex wahuensis, Cyperus phleoides, Cyperus polystachyos Preserved_Specimen clumping grass; dark green leaves Wood, K.R. 11201 Maui BISH 2005-04-06
43 Paspalum scrobiculatum W Maui, Lahaina District, Honolua, on ridgetop between Honolua Valley and Mokupea Gulch Growing in disturbed former pasture. Preserved_Specimen Tufted, low grass. Oppenheimer, H.L. 50002 Maui BISH 2000-05-02
44 Paspalum scrobiculatum NW of Kalaheo, above Alexander Reservoir In margin of Kanaele Swamp, in open water. Preserved_Specimen Forming solid stands, tussocks developing. Henrickson, J.S. 4011 Kauai BISH 1969-01-31
45 Paspalum scrobiculatum Haiku, Burns Rd. about 500 m from Kaupakalua Rd Wet, sunny roadside area dominated by shrubs and weeds Preserved_Specimen Common in area Faccenda, K. 2846 Maui BISH 2022-10-30
46 Paspalum scrobiculatum Koloa District. Mahaulepu, south of quarry and horse stables Scaevola taccada - Fimbristylis cymosa coastal shrubland on raised limestone with Sida faxxax, Euphorbia degeneri, Capparis sandwichiana, Jacquemontia ovalifolia subsp. Sandwicensis, Lycium sandwicense, Boerhavia repens, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, Sesuvium portulacastrum, Preserved_Specimen Grass, terrestial in soil pockets on limestone, with immature spiklets, creeping and climbing, occasional Adans, J. 18683 Kauai BISH 2021-05-06
47 Paspalum scrobiculatum Kipapa Gulch, Waipio District Metrosideros-Antidesma forest. Preserved_Specimen Bunch-grass. Grant, M.L. 7175 Oahu BISH 1934-08-06
48 Paspalum scrobiculatum Manoa Valley Edge of cane field. Preserved_Specimen 1/2 m ht. Merrill 22 Oahu BISH 1924-08-01
49 Paspalum scrobiculatum Manoa Valley, near Honolulu Open ground near hillside Preserved_Specimen Gregarious Hitchcock, A.S. 13730 Oahu BISH 1916-06-16
50 Paspalum scrobiculatum located down Chain of Craters Rd ca. 9 mi toward Kalapana from intersection w/ Crater Rim Rd. (plot 8) Metrosideros-Dicranopteris transition community. Preserved_Specimen Grass ca. 2 ft ht. Newell, C.L. 564 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-23
51 Paspalum scrobiculatum Kipapa Gulch, Wahiawa In moderately moist pineappple field. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 454 Oahu BISH 1931-06-30
52 Paspalum scrobiculatum Parker Ranch, Kawela Wet pasture, on rocky bank. Preserved_Specimen Perennial. Ewart III, G.R. 320 Hawaii BISH 1934-02-16
53 Paspalum scrobiculatum Honolulu, Pensacola Branch Station Planted in grass garden Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 2637 Oahu BISH 1942-01-21
54 Paspalum scrobiculatum Kailua, Kaimi farm Grass in pasture Preserved_Specimen Rice grass Wong, R. Oahu BISH 1940-12-11
55 Paspalum scrobiculatum ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District The plant is common along the side of the dirt road that runs through the ahupua`a. The plant grows exposed to direct sunlight in stoney soil. The grass is growing associated with Paspalum spp. and Andropogon spp. Preserved_Specimen Grass. Yoshida, L. 79.048 Hawaii BISH 1979-02-28
56 Paspalum scrobiculatum Site 01 OS; Piihonua; Hilo Forest Reserve Stunted `ohi`a wetland dieback. Primary vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha, Acacia koa on well drained hummocks, Ilex anomala, Coprosma spp., Gouldia sp., Pelea clusiifolia & Myrsine lessertiana. Soils are extremely shallow & poorly drained. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH
57 Paspalum scrobiculatum Koolau Mts, waikane-Schofield Trail Mixed mesophytic area. Preserved_Specimen Grass. Herbst, D.R. 14 Oahu BISH 1966-03-05
58 Paspalum scrobiculatum 27 Miles; Volcano Moist roadside ditch. Preserved_Specimen Massive woody rootstock. Degener, O. 33376 Hawaii BISH 1973-04-09
59 Paspalum scrobiculatum W Maui, Lahaina District, Lihau Lowland Dry Shrubland at 2600 ft on a cindery saddle with Artemisia sp., Bidens menziesii and Rhynchelytrum repens Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 880 Maui BISH 1991-07-08
60 Paspalum scrobiculatum Hamakua District, Kukuihaele quad, Waipio Valley Occasional 3 ft. tall grass on steep bank of taro lo'i along with Sacciolepis indica. Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. 20019 Hawaii BISH 2001-03-13
61 Paspalum scrobiculatum Ewa District, Waianae Mts, Palikea (Mauna Kapu Trail), ca. 1.5 mi from parking area Assoc. w/ false staghorn, Metrosideros. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 40 Oahu BISH 1966-03-26
62 Paspalum scrobiculatum Kipapa Trail, 1.5 mi from boundary, middle of trail disturbed wet lowland forest; Metrosideros, Acacia, Dicranopteris Preserved_Specimen medium grass; inflorescence panniculate Reynolds, L.S. 186 Oahu BISH 2006-06-29
63 Paspalum scrobiculatum Honolulu; Carter Ranch, upper Manoa Valley Trail side. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 8868 Oahu BISH 1932-09-26
64 Paspalum scrobiculatum Koolau Mts., Waahila Ridge w/ Dicranopteris, Lycopodium cernuum, Metrosideros. Common along trail. Preserved_Specimen Tufted - some specimens 42 tall. Herbst, D.R. 51 Oahu BISH 1966-04-02
65 Paspalum scrobiculatum Machuu Taro Farm, Waipio Valley, Big Island, Hawaii Growing in fallow taro loi in very poorly drained mucky soil. Preserved_Specimen Upright to leaning grass with purple to green lvs. Inflorescence alternate branches on central axis, in a single plane. Crago, L.M. 2005112 Hawaii BISH 2005-03-19
66 Paspalum scrobiculatum Honolulu; Hawaiian Agricultural Experiment Station Planted in grass garden. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 2637 Oahu BISH 1942-01-31
67 Paspalum scrobiculatum Kohala Ditch Trail Along trail. Preserved_Specimen 1/2-1 m ht. Lee, H.A. 107 Hawaii BISH 1924-10-20
68 Paspalum scrobiculatum Pupukea Rd., near Sunset Ranch roadside, near horse pasture, with Pasapalum paniculatum Preserved_Specimen annual, mostly erect, ca. 30-40 cm tall; 10 plants observed Ross, M.C. 1859 Oahu BISH 2022-12-09
69 Paspalum scrobiculatum Lyon Arboretum, from bend in rd near electric pole #8. Section 36 Sunny, often wet. Preserved_Specimen Sickled periodically. Baker, R.F. 57 Oahu BISH 1975-04-09
70 Paspalum scrobiculatum Oahu Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 103 Oahu BISH 1851-01-01
71 Paspalum scrobiculatum Mokuawa In sand. Preserved_Specimen Grass. Long, C.R. 1731 Oahu BISH 1964-05-16
72 Paspalum scrobiculatum Ridge betw Maunahui, Kaunakakai & Hanalilolilo. Kawela Along rd in open woods. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12332 Molokai BISH 1932-12-20
73 Paspalum scrobiculatum Kealia Forest Reserve, Makaleha Mts. Transect #2A from S of Malamalama Pk to S of Leleiwi Pk Low, open marshy wet shrubland and bogland with Metrosideros polymorpha, Antidesma platyphyllum, Dicranopteris linearis, heavily damaged by Hurricane Iniki and invaded by Clidemia, Melastoma, Psidium cattleianum, & Lantana camara. Preserved_Specimen Herb with erect culms, forming dense clumps. Occasional on banks of seasonal stream. Lorence, D.H. 7368 Kauai BISH 1993-04-16
74 Paspalum scrobiculatum Kalihi St. and Ahuahu Pl., Honolulu Growing along the sidewwalk road verge. Preserved_Specimen Perennial, rhizomatous, ca. 20-25 cm. tall; axillary infl present. >50 plants seen. Ross, M.C. 1870 Oahu BISH 2023-01-06
75 Paspalum scrobiculatum Oahu Forest NWR, Koa ridge, above Mililani Mauka. Site of October 30, 2023 fire. On ridge, edge of burned area, full sun, moist, formerly dominated by uluhe. Uncommon in burn area. Associated; Acacia koa, Miconia crenata, Cecropia obtusifolia Trema orientale, Erechites valerenifolius, Falcataria falcata. Preserved_Specimen Arthur, K. 48 Oahu BISH 2025-02-10
76 Paspalum scrobiculatum on Chain of Crater Rd Sulfur banks, full sun, open lava rocks & thin soil in sulfur steam fumes around fumaroles. Preserved_Specimen Iltis, H.H. 144 Hawaii BISH 1967-06-22
77 Paspalum scrobiculatum Wahiawa District, Waikane-Schofield Trail from Schofield end, at start of trail Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 14 Oahu BISH 1966-03-05
78 Paspalum scrobiculatum Flow of 1880-1881, near Hilo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 563 Hawaii BISH 1915-05-18
79 Paspalum scrobiculatum On Hauula Mt range walking off the foot trail, at the end of the jeep trail, around the ridge In Koa-Pandanus-Cibotium mixed community. Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 170 Oahu BISH 1972-08-16
80 Paspalum scrobiculatum Lyon Arboretum, from bend in rd near electric pole #8. Section 36 Sunny, often wet. Preserved_Specimen Sickled periodically. Baker, R.F. 57 Oahu BISH 1975-04-09
81 Paspalum scrobiculatum located down Chain of Craters Rd ca. 28.5 mi toward Kalapana from intersection w/ Crater Rim Rd. Plant was ca 0.25 mi up the Royal Estates Rd, not far from HVNP boundry. (plot 27) Mixed lowland scrub community. Preserved_Specimen Grass ca. 1.3 ft ht. Newell, C.L. 133 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-20
82 Paspalum scrobiculatum Site 30 OS; Papaikou; Hilo Forest Reserve Stunted `ohi`a wetland dieback. Associated spp.: Metrosideros polymorpha, Myrsine sandwicensis, Vaccinium calycinum, Styphelia tameiameiae, Paspalum sp. Soils have a thick peaty surface over a poorly drained ash; substrate unkown. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1979-01-12
83 Paspalum scrobiculatum Honolulu; Dowsett Highlands Weed in yard. Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. Oahu BISH 1950-09-10
84 Paspalum scrobiculatum Puukipili [probably Puu Ka Pele] Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 383 Molokai BISH 1916-06-06
85 Paspalum scrobiculatum Forest Reserve, foot of Mt Kahili, near Wahiawa Bog Beside dirt road. Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 772 Kauai BISH 1955-06-15
86 Paspalum scrobiculatum Trail to Site 02 OS; Piihonua; Hilo Forest Reserve Stunted `ohi`a wetland dieback. Associated spp.: Metrosideros polymorpha, Ilex anomala, Gouldia sp., Pelea clusiifolia, Cheirodendron trigynum, Myrsine lessertiana. Soil a shallow poorly drained organic found over a pahoehoe flow. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1979-06-05
87 Paspalum scrobiculatum Waianae Mts, Puu Kaua, E slope, C.C.C. Trail Preserved_Specimen Perennial; culms erect. Hartung, M. Oahu BISH 1936-05-03
88 Paspalum scrobiculatum Along road leading to Kaluanui Valley Preserved_Specimen Weed. Corn, C. Oahu BISH 1978-03-21
89 Paspalum scrobiculatum Puu Nau Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 2948 Oahu BISH 1924-12-07
90 Paspalum scrobiculatum Waianae District, Waianae Mts, Mt Kaala, along side of rd from 5 mi marker below radar installation down 1.25 mi more Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 136 Oahu BISH 1966-06-11
91 Paspalum scrobiculatum Au. Sugar Co. Preserved_Specimen A coarse grass growing on the wetter regions, grows very rank but not of much value as pasture Munro, G.C. 55 Molokai BISH 1903-02-05