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Korthalsella remyana

Tiegh. (1896)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Santalopsida Order: Santalales Family: Santalaceae Genus: Korthalsella

hulumoa, kaumahana

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Brittle, hemiparasitic, producing haustoria that penetrate the host.

Stems: Stems 1–1.5(–2.5) dm long, all stems cylindrical or sometimes some of the upper ones slightly flattened, similar in width, second internode 7–12(–16) mm long, 1.5–2.5 mm wide, others usually 6–15(–25) mm long, 1.5–2.5 mm wide, nerves inconspicuous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple Opposite and distichous. strongly reduced Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers forming a continuous band around the stem, sometimes confined to the axils in young material. flowers in clusters in the leaf axils, surrounded by a patch of usually dark hairs, the flower groups becoming many–flowered through later development of collateral and serial adventitious buds, sometimes forming a continuous band around the stem, all clusters with staminate and pistillate flowers intermingled. Flowers unisexual, minute, actinomorphic; each flower subtended by a small bract. Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla of pistillate flowers 3-lobed, the lobes short, triangular, valvate. Staminate flowers globose in bud, later with 3 triangular segments, Stamens connate into a globose synandrium, 6 celled; anthers opening by slits toward the center of the synandrium. Pollen ultimately pouring out from a single central, apical pore. Ovary inferior (pistillate flowers), clavate or pear–shaped in bud, 3–4-carpellate, 1-celled; style terminal; stigma nipple–shaped, the embryo sacs first growing downward, then curving upward in the ovary wall, eventually U–shaped.

Fruit: Berries with persistent corolla; fleshy; glossy. Seeds 1 per fruit; flattened in the upper portion; seed coat absent; endosperm starchy; chlorophyllose.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Dry to wet forest and open bogs.

Elevation Range: 300–1,220 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Lana'i Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 43: 86 (1896)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1340 (K, O, Mo, L, M, H); Molvray 1997:271 (COMBNOV, STATNOV [as K. taenioides f. remyana], Syn. K. remyana, status change from end to ind); Herbst & Wagner 1999:32 (recommend against adopting Molvray 1997)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Korthalsella remyana Pihea Trail Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. 480 Kauai BISH 1987-06-01
2 Korthalsella remyana Puu Kaala, Waianaeuka, Waianae Mts Preserved_Specimen Morley, H. 142 Oahu BISH 1933-11-05
3 Korthalsella remyana Hauula, Maakua-Papali ridge, Koolau Range just before entering rainforest; parasite on Maba Preserved_Specimen Onouye, R. 996 Oahu BISH 1933-10-15
4 Korthalsella remyana Ridge between Niu and Wailupe on Maba Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2479 Oahu BISH 1917-04-11
5 Korthalsella remyana East Maui, Auwahi, S slope of Haleakala on Maba sandwicensis Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2128 Maui BISH 1920-11-29
6 Korthalsella remyana Puu Kilea, E slope, overlooking Maunalei Gulch on Diospyros in patch of decadent forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 22187 Lanai BISH 1952-03-02
7 Korthalsella remyana Koloa, S of Wahiawa Swamp near headwaters of Stream, near path leading to Kahili dead trees and shrubby vegetation; on Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Stauffer, H.U. 5874 Kauai BISH 1964-04-10
8 Korthalsella remyana Makua Valley 1st gulch Preserved_Specimen Obata, J.K. Oahu BISH 1976-11-14
9 Korthalsella remyana N Kona District. Kaupulehu Preserve, along Mamahaloa Hwy (190) at 12 mi NE of Kailua Kona (by 28 mi marker) Remnant dry forest with Diospyros sandwicensis dominant, also Colubrina, Canthium, Nototrichium, etc. with understory of introduced Pennisetum setaceum, over recent (1801) aa lava flow. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5495 Hawaii BISH 1987-08-06
10 Korthalsella remyana Alakai Swamp trail from beginning of second bog Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2902 Kauai BISH 1973-03-06
11 Korthalsella remyana Waianae Valley, toward Mt. Kaala on Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8874 Oahu BISH 1932-04-24
12 Korthalsella remyana Koolauloa, Laie Trail on Diospyros Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1108 Oahu BISH 1968-05-05
13 Korthalsella remyana Alakai Swamp trail low shrub in open savannah Preserved_Specimen Crosby, M.R. 1482 Kauai BISH 1964-06-19
14 Korthalsella remyana Nualolo Aina Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. Kauai BISH 1984-07-16
15 Korthalsella remyana Kuliouou, Koolau Range forest; on Diospyros Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 26912 Oahu BISH 1978-11-26
16 Korthalsella remyana Koloa District, Lihue-Koloa Forest Reserve. Wahiawa Bog low altitude bog with Dicranopteris, Oreobolus, and dwarf shrubs including Metrosideros, Pelea, and Chamaesyce Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5174 Kauai BISH 1987-04-10
17 Korthalsella remyana Kalualea, Koloa on Metrosideros on rainy ridge Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 12662 Kauai BISH 1939-12-31
18 Korthalsella remyana Alakai Swamp on low-statured Metrosideros, in open bog Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 47 Kauai BISH 1982-10-30
19 Korthalsella remyana Koele, mountains near on Maba sandwicensis Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 110 Lanai BISH 1913-06-01
20 Korthalsella remyana Kiholo, Kona Coast on Diospyros with Erythrina, Metrosideros, Xylosma, Lantana Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1592 Hawaii BISH 1970-02-22
21 Korthalsella remyana ridge SW of Pihea, Waimea wet forest; parasitic on Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22933 Kauai BISH 1947-12-22
22 Korthalsella remyana Kipapa-Waikakalaua Divide, Koolau Range on Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10471 Oahu BISH 1930-04-06
23 Korthalsella remyana Kokee on Metrosideros collina Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Kauai BISH 1930-08-21
24 Korthalsella remyana East Maui, Kanaio on Diospyros Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 356 Maui BISH 1982-12-04
25 Korthalsella remyana Hauula, Maakua-Papali Ridge, Kaipapau Forest Reserve parasite on Maba Preserved_Specimen Bushnell, O.A. Oahu BISH 1933-10-15
26 Korthalsella remyana middle ridge of Niu Valley on Maba Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8879 Oahu BISH 1932-06-04
27 Korthalsella remyana E ridge of Niu Valley on Maba Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8866 Oahu BISH 1931-04-20
28 Korthalsella remyana East Maui, Auwahi, S slope of Haleakala on Maba sandwicensis Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2128 Maui BISH 1920-11-29
29 Korthalsella remyana along Alakai Swamp Trail, 1st bog on Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 1530 Kauai BISH 1956-12-27
30 Korthalsella remyana Alakai Swamp parasitizing Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2190 Kauai BISH 1971-10-03
31 Korthalsella remyana Koele, mountains near on Maba sandwicensis Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 110 Lanai BISH 1913-06-01
32 Korthalsella remyana East Maui, Kanaio on Diospyros Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 357 Maui BISH 1982-12-04
33 Korthalsella remyana South Kohala District, N of Honokane Nui Stream Parasitic on Metrosideros polymorpha var. incana. Metrosideros polymorpha var incana-Machaerina angustifolia montane bogs w/ Rhynchospora chinensis, Styphelia, Vaccinium, Viola maviensis, Dichanthelium spp, Oreobolus....bogs bordered by Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 4765 Hawaii BISH 1995-11-15
34 Korthalsella remyana Laaukahi, Haiku forest; parasitic on Maba sandwicensis Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13494 Kauai BISH 1933-12-22
35 Korthalsella remyana Maakua-Papali Ridge, Hauula, Koolau Range low, scrubby rain forest along knife-edge ridge; parasitizing Diospyros ferrea var. sandwicensis Preserved_Specimen Urata, U. Oahu BISH 1952-10-26
36 Korthalsella remyana along Niu ridge on Maba Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 2888 Oahu BISH 1924-10-03
37 Korthalsella remyana Alakai Swamp bog Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. 403 Kauai BISH 1956-12-28
38 Korthalsella remyana Alakai, Lehua makanoe on Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2898 Kauai BISH 1938-08-13
39 Korthalsella remyana Wahiawa bog and stream. Alakai Swamp Common on ohia in bog. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2431 Kauai BISH 1972-05-22
40 Korthalsella remyana Kaupulehu forest reserve, N Kona on Diospyros ferrea in open dry forest on aa lava slope Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 41735 Hawaii BISH 1961-03-24
41 Korthalsella remyana S slope, Haleakala, Kanaio district on Diosypros ferra; on aa lava Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 194 Maui BISH 1981-12-18
42 Korthalsella remyana Kanaele Swamp on Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4974 Kauai BISH 1983-08-27
43 Korthalsella remyana W ridge of Haupu wet forest; parasitic on Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 26042 Kauai BISH 1956-12-31
44 Korthalsella remyana telephone line trail from Kokee to Alakai Swamp on Metrosideros polymorpha; mossy, poorly drained forest Preserved_Specimen Hatheway, W.H. 151 Kauai BISH 1950-02-07
45 Korthalsella remyana Waimea, Alakai Swamp, Tr 2(9/10) wet ohia forest with other native trees, treefern and native shrub understory; on Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 9636 Kauai BISH 1981-05-12
46 Korthalsella remyana above Wahiawa on Metrosideros, in bog Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 616 Kauai BISH 1927-02-08
47 Korthalsella remyana Head of Makua Valley parasitic on Maba; dry forest Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 9051 Oahu BISH 1932-11-25
48 Korthalsella remyana N. Kona, Puuwaawaa dry aa lava fields; on Diospyros Preserved_Specimen Webster, G.L. 1870 Hawaii BISH 1948-06-21
49 Korthalsella remyana Kaupulehu forest, 10 mi NNW of Kailua on Diospyros ferrea trees in open sclerophyll forest on aa lava slope Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 42171 Hawaii BISH 1961-09-11
50 Korthalsella remyana Hauula, Maakua-Papali ridge, Kaipapau forest reserve wooded; parasitic on Maba Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13369 Oahu BISH 1933-10-15
51 Korthalsella remyana SE corner of Makua Valley on Maba Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8872 Oahu BISH 1932-09-27
52 Korthalsella remyana Mokuleia, E. Makaleha valley, W branch parasitic on Diospyros Preserved_Specimen Chock, A.K. 224 Oahu BISH 1951-04-29
53 Korthalsella remyana Alakai Swamp Trail on low Metrosideros shrubs Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Kauai BISH 1936-08-17
54 Korthalsella remyana Waimea, Kokee, Pihea wet forest with Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5164 Kauai BISH 1987-04-08
55 Korthalsella remyana Kawailoa, Kawaiiki Ditch Trail, Koolau Range on Diospyros ferrea Preserved_Specimen Cowan, R.S. 271 Oahu BISH 1946-11-10
56 Korthalsella remyana Alakai Swamp parasitic on Metrosideros; bogs Preserved_Specimen van Royen, P. 11711 Kauai BISH 1977-09-01
57 Korthalsella remyana Forest of Kahili on Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 14 Kauai BISH 1903-07-08
58 Korthalsella remyana Alakai Swamp on low-statured Metrosideros, in open bog Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 12753 Kauai BISH 1936-01-03
59 Korthalsella remyana Kalehu, W of Kalalau on Rapanea Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20592 Kauai BISH 1950-02-01
60 Korthalsella remyana Kahuamaa Flat, Kokee wet forest; on Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2057 Kauai BISH 1971-08-10
61 Korthalsella remyana Kaholuamanoa, above Waimea Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2194 Kauai BISH 1895-09-02
62 Korthalsella remyana Koloa, Kahili, end of ridge trail leading to radio and TV relay station Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 326 Kauai BISH 1973-06-09
63 Korthalsella remyana [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; O`ahu; Hawai`i; Honolulu] Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 502 Oahu BISH 1851-01-01
64 Korthalsella remyana Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, Alakai Swamp Trail. Picnic Area at trailhead Preserved_Specimen Ranker, T.A. Kauai BISH 2004-03-21
65 Korthalsella remyana Wailau Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 543 Molokai BISH 1912-09-01
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