Cyrtandra oenobarba

H.Mann (1867)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Gesneriaceae Genus: Cyrtandra

ha‘iwale [haiwale], kanawao ke‘oke‘o [kanawao keokeo]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Low, decumbent, fleshy subshrubs.

Stems: Stems becoming subterranean, 4–grooved at least when dry, producing adventitious roots at each node, rounded to angular, pubescent with multicellular hairs or glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Apparently opposite, appearing as a tuft on portion of stem above ground, axils with a conspicuous tuft of reddish brown hairs. Those leaves of a pair unequal, asymmetrical, broadly elliptic to elliptic or ovate, occasionally oblong–elliptic, 10–31 cm long, 2–13.5 cm wide. Apex acute to rounded. Base asymmetrical, broadly cuneate to truncate. Upper surfaces sparsely long–villous, the hairs reddish brown, glabrate with age, occasionally glabrous; lower surfaces sparsely to moderately reddish brown long–villous, occasionally glabrous except for a few scattered hairs on principal veins; fleshy. Margins crenate–serrate to serrulate. Petioles 2.5–12 cm long, densely shaggy or appressed brown villous, base sometimes clasping the stem or perfoliate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 1–2 in cymes, these arranged in dense clusters arising in the leaf axils, moderately brown villous throughout, peduncles ca. 2–9 mm long, pedicels ca. 3–8 mm long, bracts oblong–elliptic, distinct or occasionally connate, ca. 5–8 mm long, caducous. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 2–5(6)-lobed, zygomorphic, fusiform in bud, tipped by a beak ca. 4–10 mm long, in anthesis pale green, 16–25 mm long, tube ca. 10–12 mm long, sparsely to moderately brown long–villous, glabrous within, upper 3 lobes 7–17 mm long, lower 2 lobes 6–16 mm long, tardily separating, deciduous or persistent in fruit. Corolla usually bilabiate, white, tube narrowly funnelform, curved near middle, ca. 25 mm long, glabrous, the lobes broadly elliptic–ovate(?), ca. 9–10 mm long, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes imbricate in bud. Stamens 5, inserted about halfway up corolla tube, the 2 upper Stamens fertile, others staminodial, +/– with abortive anthers; fertile anthers coherent positioned in throat of corolla tube, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits or occasionally by apical pores. Ovary superior, oblong–ovoid, 2-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal, placentas 2, ± intruded, rarely joined in center and dividing ovary into 2 cells; ovules numerous, anatropous, glabrous, apex rounded or with a stylar beak; style ca. 3 mm long, glabrous; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, lobes usually elliptic.

Fruit: Fruit a fleshy or firm berry; cylindrical; ca. 1.6 cm long; often tipped by the persistent stylar beak. Seeds unknown.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Known from wet slopes; mossy sites or crevices in rocks near waterfalls.

Elevation Range: 540–800 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 189 (1867)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:770 (K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Riparian vegetation within hanging valley with patches of Metrosideros lowland wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 16701 Kauai PTBG 1/7/2016
2 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Cave with talus rubble, ca. 80 m broad, with seeping wet walls dominated by the fern Cyclosorus sandwicensis and shrub Cyrtandra wawrae PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 17395 Kauai PTBG 5/17/2017
3 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros polymorpha- Dicranopteris linearis wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 23766 Kauai PTBG 12/4/2013
4 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed wet forest with matting ferns of Diplopterygium & Dicranopteris, windswept ridges and forest patches interspersed with bogs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 14832 Kauai PTBG 1/10/2012
5 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN m. kiehn, r. gustafson, d. h. lorence & t. w. flynn mk- 900823 -3/1 Kauai US 8/23/1990
6 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kiehn, M.; Gustafson, R.; Lorence, D. H.; Flynn, T. W. MK- 900823 -3/1 Kauai US 8/23/1990
7 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Heller, A. A. 2490 Kauai US 1895-00-00
8 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner 6356 Kauai US
9 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W. L.; Takeuchi, W. N.; Imada, C. 6046 Kauai US 4/10/1988
10 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Heller, A.A. 2490 Kauai BISH 1895-00-00
11 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Headwaters PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W. L.; Lorence, D. H.; Flynn, T. W.; Wood, K. 6356 Kauai US 6/13/1990
12 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W. L.; Lorence, D. H.; Flynn, T. W.; Wood, K. 6356 Kauai US 6/13/1990
13 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. carlquist 519 Kauai US
14 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner, w. n. takeuchi & c. imada 6046 Kauai US 4/10/1988
15 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. a. heller 2490 Kauai US 1895-07-02
16 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner, d. h. lorence, t. w. flynn & k. wood 6356 Kauai US 6/13/1990
17 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Wet forest ... PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. W.; Lorence, D. H.; Imada, C.; Wagner, W. L.; Takeuchi, W. N.; Harder, D.; Talbot, J. 2930 Kauai US 4/10/1988
18 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On Metrosideros polymorpha PRESERVED_SPECIMEN urbain jean faurie; b.1847; d.1915; faurie 625 VT 12/9/1909
19 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wawra, h. collector number: 2012 Kauai BISH 1869-01-01
20 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros open forest with mixed understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 12581 Kauai PTBG 10/13/2007
21 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Deep valley surrounded by steep cliffs ca. 1000 m high laced with waterfalls, low primary vegetation of small stunted trees 1-2 m tall, numerous pteridophytes and Gunnera over satruated rocky ground. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. lorence, d.; flynn, t.; wood, k. collector number: 6356 Kauai BISH 6/13/1990
22 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wawra, H. 2070 Kauai BISH 2/11/1905
23 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 749.k Hawaii BISH 11/3/1916
24 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN mann, h. brigham, w.t. collector number: 616 p.p. Kauai BISH 1864-01-01
25 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Mann, H. 616 p.p. Kauai BISH 2/6/1905
26 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 146.K Kauai BISH 8/6/1909
27 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information occasional, moist woods near stream bed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. w. flynn, d. h. lorence, c. imada, w. l. wagner, w. n. takeuchi, d. harder & j. talbot 2930 Oahu BISH 4/10/1988
28 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Deep valley surrounded by steep cliffs ca. 1000 m high laced with waterfalls, low primary vegetation of small stunted trees 1-2 m tall, numerous pteridophytes and Gunnera over satruated rocky ground. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 6356 Kauai BISH 6/13/1990
29 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis wet forest. Antidesma platyphylla, Ilex anomala, Polyscias waialeale, Bobea brevipes, Psychotria mariniana, Cyanea kahiliensis, Cyanea recta, Euphorbia remyi var kauaiensis, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Touchardia l. Wet cliff walls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. 23926 Kauai BISH 4/23/2014
30 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wawra, H. 2012 Kauai BISH 2/11/1905
31 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 146.k Kauai BISH 8/6/1909
32 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wawra, h. collector number: 2070 Kauai BISH 1869-01-01
33 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 749.K Kauai BISH 11/3/1916
34 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN heller, a.a. collector number: 2490 Kauai BISH 1895-07-02
35 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. mann & w. t. brigham 616 A
36 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN urbain jean faurie; b.1847; d.1915; faurie 624 MARY 8/9/1910
37 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN urbain jean faurie; b.1847; d.1915; faurie 623 NHMUK 2/9/1910
38 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner, d. h. lorence, t. w. flynn & k. wood 6356 NSW 6/13/1990
39 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. a. heller 2490 NY 1895-07-05
40 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In drainage cuts below degraded forest on plateau, above main waterfalls. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 4539 Kauai PTBG 2/23/2016
41 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In wet shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 17299 Kauai PTBG 8/12/2000
42 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros lowland wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 7342 Kauai PTBG 5/28/1998
43 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Open wind-swept shrubland ridges dissected by drainages & patches of low forest 4-7(-10) m tall, 90-95% cover. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 14432 Kauai PTBG 12/17/2010
44 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 965 Kauai PTBG 6/21/1991
45 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Closed Metrosideros forest, 8-12 m canopy. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 13271 Kauai PTBG 9/11/2008
46 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed wet forest, PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 18190 Kauai PTBG 5/15/2019
47 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Closed Metrosideros lowland wet forest, 8-12 m canopy, surrounded by steep valley walls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 16340 Kauai PTBG 3/3/2015
48 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Closed Metrosideros lowland wet forest, 8-12 m canopy, surrounded by steep valley walls with Dicranopteris and mixed shrubs. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 15702 Kauai PTBG 10/10/2013
49 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros polymorpha- Dicranopteris linearis wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 23926 Kauai PTBG 4/23/2014
50 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 14789 Kauai PTBG 5/12/1995
51 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed wet forest with matting ferns of Diplopterygium & Dicranopteris. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 15651 Kauai PTBG 8/28/2013
52 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 3583 Kauai PTBG 9/26/1994
53 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 2232 Kauai PTBG 1/9/1993
54 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 7347 Kauai PTBG 1/30/1993
55 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 5324 Kauai PTBG 3/22/1993
56 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 2555 Kauai PTBG 5/19/1993
57 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In drainage cuts below degraded forest on plateau, above main waterfalls. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 4540 Kauai PTBG 2/23/2016
58 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros lowland wet forest bordered by steep slopes of Dicranopteris and Diplopterygium matting ferns, 90% closed canopy PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 17943 Kauai PTBG 10/2/2018
59 Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 1572 Kauai PTBG 1/23/1992