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Pteralyxia kauaiensis

Caum (1933)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Apocynaceae Genus: Pteralyxia

kaulu

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Glabrous trees with milky sap 3–8 m tall.

Stems: Thick branches, and conspicuous lenticels.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblanceolate to obovate, blades (9.2–)11–22(–32.5) cm long, 4–6.5(–9) cm wide. Apex truncate, rounded to retuse. Surfaces dark green and shiny on upper surface; lower surfaces paler and dull. Margins flat, sometimes slightly revolute. Lateral veins conspicuous, arising at nearly right angles to the midrib. Petioles (1.5–)2.3–3.5 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in congested, terminal, simple or compound cymes, becoming lateral by prolongation of axis. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes very broadly elliptic, imbricate, margins ciliate. Corolla salverform, 5-lobed, the tube cylindrical, the lobes pale yellow, narrowly oblanceolate. corolla tube 8–12 mm long, the lobes 3–4 mm long. Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla tube just below the mouth but not exserted. Ovary superior, 2, distinct; ovules 2 per ovary, pendulous; styles and stigmas solitary, uniting the ovaries.

Fruit: Fruit drupaceous; bright red at maturity; firm and fleshy; obovoid to ellipsoid; usually only 1 of the ovaries maturing; the endocarp woody; boat–shaped with the central and lateral wings or ridges small; 2.5–5 mm high; sometimes somewhat fenestrated toward distal end; the lateral wings or ridges usually reduced or aborted. Seeds 1 per ovary; filling the endocarp.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Rare on slopes and ridges in diverse mesic forest to sometimes wet forest.

Elevation Range: 250–610 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 10(8): 8 (1933)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:219 (K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diospyros mixed mesic forest Diospyros sppp, Pouteria, Antidesma, Psychotria spp, Polyscias kavaiensis, Rauvolfia, Pteralyxia, Metrosideros polymorpha, Pleomele aurea, Preserved_Specimen Tree, 7 m tall, group of 4 trees, with flower and fruit Wood, K.R. 15585 Kauai BISH 2013-07-24
2 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On a ridgetop with Diospyros, Planchonella, Metrosideros. Preserved_Specimen Several small trees in a scattered grove. 5-12 m tall. Hobdy, R.W. 2629 Kauai BISH 1986-09-06
3 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diospyros mixed mesic forest with Metrosideros, Pisonia, Pteralyxia, kauaiensis, Myrsine lanaiensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Diospyros hillebrandii, Diospyros sandwicensis, and Melicope ovata, Carex meyenii, Alyxia stellata, Doodia k Preserved_Specimen Tree, 10 meters tall, loaded with fruit, estimate ca. 150 trees in general area of exclosure, healthy dynamic of seedlings observed. Wood, K.R. 18602 Kauai BISH 2020-12-02
4 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On a slope in mixed mesic forest. Associates: Diospyros, Pisonia, Hibiscus, Alectryon, Canthium, Antidesma, Lantana, Rauvolfia, etc. Preserved_Specimen A tree 8 m tall with full round crown, one of 3 seen in the area. Lau, J. 2204.5 Kauai BISH 1986-03-30
5 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wooded slope on west side of valley. Good native forest. Associated with Diospyros ferrea, D. hillebrandii, Dracaena, Cyanea, Hibiscus Preserved_Specimen Five/six trees to 12 ft. Mature fruit orange-brown. Flynn, T.W. 1437 Kauai BISH 1985-12-16
6 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diverse mesic forest with Ohia, Lama, Pouteria, Kokia kauaiensis, Alectryon, Antidesma, Aleurites. Preserved_Specimen About 20-30 trees, 10-20 ft high, with flowers and fruit. Perlman, S. 10388 Kauai BISH 1989-06-12
7 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris mixed mesic forest adjacent to mesic clifs w/ Planchonella sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Psydrax oderata, Diospyros sandwicensis, Chrysodracon aurea, Santalum pyrularium, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Syzygium sandwicensis, Preserved_Specimen Tree, 10 m tall, w/ immature and mature fruit, ca. 7 trees 250 sq m area. Wood, K.R. 18509 Kauai BISH 2020-08-18
8 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Psydrax odorata, Lipochaeta connata, Lobelia niihauensis, Artemisia, Bidens sandwicensis, Munroidendron racemosum, Chamaesyce celastroides, Nototrichium, Lantana, Opuntia, Abutilon grandifolium Preserved_Specimen 25' tree; flower; fruit Perlman, S. 18864 Kauai BISH 2004-04-21
9 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Tree of 20 ft Corolla orange green. Ripe fruit bright reddish orange. Flynn, T.W. 1168 Kauai BISH 1985-08-15
10 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details degraded mixed mesic forest. W/ diospyros sandiwcensis, metrosideros polymorphy, Pisonia sanwicensis, Xylosma hawaiiense, Antidesma platyphylla, Alectryon macrococcus, Psydrax odorata, Dodonaea viscosa, Hibiscus waimeae, Pleiomel Preserved_Specimen Tree, 5 m tasll, 75 cm diameter at base, rare in area Wood, K.R. 12461 Kauai BISH 2007-07-05
11 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros polymorpha var glaberrima, Antidesma platyphylla, Zanthoxylum dipetalum var dipetalum, Psychotria wawrana, Falcataria moluccana, Myrsine kauaiensis, Myrsine helleri, Bobea sp, Polyscias oa Preserved_Specimen 5m tree with three main trunks, flowers yellowish green and fragrant Heintzman, S. 1262301 Kauai BISH 2023-01-26
12 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Heavy goat and animal activity = sparse understory. Mixed mesic forest. Canopy of Metrosideros, Dispyros, Pteralyxia, Psydrax, Kadua affinis, Pouteria, and Pleomeles w/ understory of Christella, Bryophyllum, and Lantana Preserved_Specimen Seven fruits to nursery. White sap. Common in immediate area, ca. 25 trees. Small tree 12 ft. tall. Fruit dark brown, few beginning to turn red. Leaves dark green. Bark dark brown Tangalin, N. 1946 Kauai BISH 2010-02-25
13 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Makaha, north facing slopes. Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest w/ Alphitonia ponderosa, Diospyros sandwicensis, D. hillebrandii, Myrsine lanaiensis, Kadua affinis, Coprosma waimeae, Polyscias kavaiensis, Melicope ovata, M. barbigera, M. feddei, M. anisata, Dodona. Preserved_Specimen Tree, 7 m tall, well branched, trunk brown, w/ immature and mature fruit, ca. 50 plants in 5,000 sq m area Wood, K.R. 18586 Kauai BISH 2020-11-04
14 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 25 ft trees, branch tips varnished, Sap milky, fruits bright red orange. Hobdy, R.W. 12 Kauai BISH 1968-09-11
15 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 8 mature trees and many more juveniles and seedlings. All of the material is from the largest tree (10 m tall x 30 cm diameter.) Hobdy, R.W. 1824 Kauai BISH 1983-08-22
16 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Kauai BISH 1925-12-17
17 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diverse Mesic Forest Metrosidros poymorpha, Acacia koa, Dicranopteris, Myporum, Freycineta, Zanthoxylum dipetalum, Pisonia, Pouteria sandwinsis, Psychotria mariniana, Diospyros hillebrandii, D. sandwicensis, Pleomele a Preserved_Specimen Small tree in the understory 15 ft tall. Trunk on groud, procumbent. White sap. Bark smooth near base. Lvs dark green above w/raised mid veins and margin. Underside of leaf light green w/dk green lat venation and raised white-green midrib. Flower bud white green at dark green toward apex. Tangalin, N. 3235 Kauai BISH 2012-07-26
18 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Montane mixed dry to mesic forest, just below Metrosideros-Acacia forest w/ Diospyros sandwicensis, Chrysodracon cf. stenophylla (=aurea), Myrsine lanaiensis, Planchonella sandwicensis, Cryptocarya mannii, Myoporum sandwicensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Psydrax odorata, Zant Preserved_Specimen Tree, reclined 10 m long, in flower, corolla green-yellow to yellow-orange, trunk medium brown, single tree in immediate area, total of two trees observed and mapped Wood, K.R. 16471 Kauai BISH 2015-06-04
19 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Very back of lower vally , forested slopes below andeast of Pihea . diospyros mixed mesic . W/ canopy of pouteria sanwicensis, Syzygium sanwicensis, Metrosideros polymorpha, Anttidesma platyphylla, Psychotria mariniana, Myrsine lanaiensis, Bobea elatior, Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Pteralyxia K Preserved_Specimen Tree, 7 m. tall, fully branched, stems black- brown, leaves dark green, mostly in flower with some fruit maturing red, ca 100 trees in back of vally Wood, K.R. 10900 Kauai BISH 2004-08-11
20 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 273 Kauai BISH 1977-07-27
21 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diospyros-Acacia-Metrosideros mesic forest w/ Alpitonia ponderosa, Dodonaea viscosa, Nestegis sandwicensis, Psydrax odorata, Chrysodracon aurea, Psychotria mariniana, Kadua affinis, Coprosma waimeae, Myrsine lanaiensis, Polyscias waimeae, Ant Preserved_Specimen Tree, 4.5 m tall, ca. 70 trees in 100m x 100m area, with fruit, some flower. Wood, K.R. 17890 Kauai BISH 2018-07-19
22 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 615 Kauai BISH 1916-10-20
23 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. Kauai BISH 1952-01-16
24 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. Kauai BISH 1952-01-16
25 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Highly disturbed mesic forest associated plants, Hibiscus waimeae, Diospyros sandwicensis, Planchonella sandwicensis, Chrysodracon aurea, Psydrax odorata, Aleurites moluccana, Melia azedarach, Erythrina sandwicensis, Grevillea r... Preserved_Specimen Large tree about 25 ft tall. Trunk rotted and blown over in wind. Tree dead with leaves still drying. Full of immature fruit N. Tangalin 5090 Kauai BISH 2019-03-28
26 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Kauai BISH 1925-12-17
27 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros lowland wet forest surrounded by vertical cliff of Machaerina angustifolia and associated w/ Bobea, Perrottetia, Gunnera, numerous Cyrtandra, Cyanea, small stunted trees; pteridophytes are common. Preserved_Specimen 4 m tall tree. Wood, K.R. 775 Kauai BISH 1991-05-07
28 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Diospyros sandwicensis, D. hillebrandii, Myrsine lanaiensis, Kadua affinis, Coprosma waimeae, Polyscias kavaiensis, Melicope ovata, M. barbigera, M. feddei, M. anisata, Dodona Preserved_Specimen Tree, 5 meters tall with flower and fruit, ca. 50+ plants in general area, mature fruit red. Wood, K.R. 17844 Kauai BISH 2018-06-06
29 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest with ohia, ti, ieie. Preserved_Specimen Trees to 45 ft. tall. 10 ft. base diam.; fl. yellow green, fr. yellow red. Christensen, C. 273 Kauai BISH 1977-07-27
30 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Tree 30 ft tall, base 10 in diam. Flower yellow-green. Christensen, C. 194 Kauai BISH 1977-04-27
31 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diospyros-Acacia-Metrosideros mesic forest w/ Alpitonia ponderosa, Dodonaea viscosa, Nestegis sandwicensis, Psydrax odorata, Chrysodracon aurea, Psychotria mariniana, Kadua affinis, Coprosma waimeae, Myrsine lanaiensis, Polyscias waimeae, Ant Preserved_Specimen Tree, 7 m tall, ca. 70 trees in 100m x 100m area, with fruit, some flower. Wood, K.R. 17892 Kauai BISH 2018-07-19
32 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Degraded Diverse Mesic Forest with remnant large native trees and Psydrax patches. Understory mostly weedy. Associated w/ Morinda trimera, Pouteria sandwicensis, Pteralyxia kauaiensis, Psychotria mariniana, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Dodonea viscosa, Metrosideros poymorpha, Diospyros hillebrandii, D. sandwicensis, (habitat description ends abruptly) Preserved_Specimen small tree 12 ft tall, dark green leaves above, some cupped. Underside of leaves yellow-green. Fruit brown to bright red. Tangalin, N. 2868 Kauai BISH 2011-10-19
33 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Common in this area. Preserved_Specimen Sparingly branched small to medium-sized tree. Herbst, D.R. 2820 Kauai BISH 1972-10-07
34 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist talus slope. Preserved_Specimen Tree ht 8 m. MacDaniels, L.H. 744 Kauai BISH 1927-02-16
35 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mixed mesic forest, summer dry Diospyros sandwicensis, Pleomele aurea, Myrsine lanaiensis, Planchonella sandwicensis, Cryptocarya mannii, Myoporum sandwicensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Psydrax odorata, Zanthoxylum dipetalum, Pteraly Preserved_Specimen tree, 8 m tall, trunk dark brown, 20 cm diameter at base, in early flower, mapped Wood, K.R. 15419 Kauai BISH 2013-02-17
36 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diospyros-Acacia-Metrosideros montane mesic forest, w/ Diospyros sandwicensis, D. hillebrandii, Alphitonia ponderosa, Pisonia sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Pleomele aurea, Psychotria mariniana, Kadua affinis, Coprosma waimeae, C. foliosa, Myrsine lan Preserved_Specimen tree 5.5 m tall, vegetative, well branched, trunk medium brown, rough textured, ca. 30 trees in general area with Euphorbia haeleeleana. Wood, K.R. 15859 Kauai BISH 2014-02-28
37 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rare. Metrosideros mixed mesic forest adjacent to mesic cliffs with Planchonella sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Psydrax oderata, Diospyros sandwicensis, Chrysodracon aurea, Santalum pyrularium, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Syzygium sandwicensis, Preserved_Specimen Tree, 7 meters tall, well-branched, with immature fruit Wood, K.R. 18297 Kauai BISH 2019-08-28
38 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In rich forest. Preserved_Specimen Corolla tube light green; lobes inside pale yellow-green, outside light green. Slender 18 ft tree. Degener, O. 21715 Kauai BISH 1952-01-16
39 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diverse mesic forest, 70% canopy cover with open understory. Overstory with Metrosideros polymorpha, Pouteria, Psydrax, Psychotria, Kadua affinis, Pleomele aurea, Diospyros spp, Cryptocaria, Nestigis, Pritchardia minor, Antidesma. Understory with Christella dentata, Kalanchoe pinnata and Lantana camara. Heavy goat sign. Preserved_Specimen Tree 8 m tall. Milky sap. Dark bark. Frts dark red when collected - just under ripe. Seed accessioned with NTBG Living Collections (acc # 090254) Trauernicht, C. 755 Kauai BISH 2009-02-25
40 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Tree ht 10 m. MacDaniels, L.H. 712 Kauai BISH 1927-02-16
41 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia koa-Metrosideros mesic forest. With Xylosma hawaiiense, Planchonella sandwicensis, Psychotria greenwelliae, Scaevola procera, Nestegis sandwicensis, Ilex anomala, Syzygium sandwicensis, Pisonia sandwicensis, Euphorbia haeleeleana, Preserved_Specimen Three trees with fruit, 6 meter ht, trees Perlman, S. 25235 Kauai BISH 2016-10-27
42 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Ten trees seen in one area above the cliff face. Preserved_Specimen With flowers and young fruit; seedlings Herbst, D.R. 2876 Kauai BISH 1973-01-21
43 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details diverse mesic forest with Diospyros spp., Pteralyxia kauaiensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Psydrax odorata, with some invasion by Aleurites moluccana and Passiflora ligularis, other threaths include pig and deer damage. Preserved_Specimen Canopy tree 6 m by 7 cm (reaches 16 m by 15 cm), latex white, buds with yellow resin. corolla greenish-yellow, tube green, not fragrant (2 pm). Ripe fruits orange, fleshy. Population of ca. 100 trees, no juveniles or regeneration seen. Lorence, D.H. 7768 Kauai BISH 1996-04-25
44 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On steep slopes. Preserved_Specimen Flowers greenish yellow. Wagner, W.L. 5083 Kauai BISH 1983-08-31
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