img

Pteralyxia kauaiensis

Caum (1933)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Apocynaceae Genus: Pteralyxia

kaulu

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Glabrous trees with milky sap 3–8 m tall.

Stems: Thick branches, and conspicuous lenticels.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblanceolate to obovate, blades (9.2–)11–22(–32.5) cm long, 4–6.5(–9) cm wide. Apex truncate, rounded to retuse. Surfaces dark green and shiny on upper surface; lower surfaces paler and dull. Margins flat, sometimes slightly revolute. Lateral veins conspicuous, arising at nearly right angles to the midrib. Petioles (1.5–)2.3–3.5 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in congested, terminal, simple or compound cymes, becoming lateral by prolongation of axis. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes very broadly elliptic, imbricate, margins ciliate. Corolla salverform, 5-lobed, the tube cylindrical, the lobes pale yellow, narrowly oblanceolate. corolla tube 8–12 mm long, the lobes 3–4 mm long. Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla tube just below the mouth but not exserted. Ovary superior, 2, distinct; ovules 2 per ovary, pendulous; styles and stigmas solitary, uniting the ovaries.

Fruit: Fruit drupaceous; bright red at maturity; firm and fleshy; obovoid to ellipsoid; usually only 1 of the ovaries maturing; the endocarp woody; boat–shaped with the central and lateral wings or ridges small; 2.5–5 mm high; sometimes somewhat fenestrated toward distal end; the lateral wings or ridges usually reduced or aborted. Seeds 1 per ovary; filling the endocarp.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Rare on slopes and ridges in diverse mesic forest to sometimes wet forest.

Elevation Range: 250–610 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 10(8): 8 (1933)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:219 (K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. Kauai BISH 1952-01-16
2 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Kauai BISH 1925-12-17
3 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diverse Mesic Forest Metrosidros poymorpha, Acacia koa, Dicranopteris, Myporum, Freycineta, Zanthoxylum dipetalum, Pisonia, Pouteria sandwinsis, Psychotria mariniana, Diospyros hillebrandii, D. sandwicensis, Pleomele a Preserved_Specimen Tangalin, N. 3235 Kauai BISH 2012-07-26
4 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Montane mixed dry to mesic forest, just below Metrosideros-Acacia forest w/ Diospyros sandwicensis, Chrysodracon cf. stenophylla (=aurea), Myrsine lanaiensis, Planchonella sandwicensis, Cryptocarya mannii, Myoporum sandwicensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Psydrax odorata, Zant Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 16471 Kauai BISH 2015-06-04
5 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Very back of lower vally , forested slopes below andeast of Pihea . diospyros mixed mesic . W/ canopy of pouteria sanwicensis, Syzygium sanwicensis, Metrosideros polymorpha, Anttidesma platyphylla, Psychotria mariniana, Myrsine lanaiensis, Bobea elatior, Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Pteralyxia K Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 10900 Kauai BISH 2004-08-11
6 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diospyros-Acacia-Metrosideros mesic forest w/ Alpitonia ponderosa, Dodonaea viscosa, Nestegis sandwicensis, Psydrax odorata, Chrysodracon aurea, Psychotria mariniana, Kadua affinis, Coprosma waimeae, Myrsine lanaiensis, Polyscias waimeae, Ant Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 17890 Kauai BISH 2018-07-19
7 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Kauai BISH 1925-12-17
8 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Highly disturbed mesic forest associated plants, Hibiscus waimeae, Diospyros sandwicensis, Planchonella sandwicensis, Chrysodracon aurea, Psydrax odorata, Aleurites moluccana, Melia azedarach, Erythrina sandwicensis, Grevillea r... Preserved_Specimen N. Tangalin 5090 Kauai BISH 2019-03-28
9 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros lowland wet forest surrounded by vertical cliff of Machaerina angustifolia and associated w/ Bobea, Perrottetia, Gunnera, numerous Cyrtandra, Cyanea, small stunted trees; pteridophytes are common. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 775 Kauai BISH 1991-05-07
10 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Diospyros sandwicensis, D. hillebrandii, Myrsine lanaiensis, Kadua affinis, Coprosma waimeae, Polyscias kavaiensis, Melicope ovata, M. barbigera, M. feddei, M. anisata, Dodona Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 17844 Kauai BISH 2018-06-06
11 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 194 Kauai BISH 1977-04-27
12 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diospyros-Acacia-Metrosideros mesic forest w/ Alpitonia ponderosa, Dodonaea viscosa, Nestegis sandwicensis, Psydrax odorata, Chrysodracon aurea, Psychotria mariniana, Kadua affinis, Coprosma waimeae, Myrsine lanaiensis, Polyscias waimeae, Ant Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 17892 Kauai BISH 2018-07-19
13 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Degraded Diverse Mesic Forest with remnant large native trees and Psydrax patches. Understory mostly weedy. Associated w/ Morinda trimera, Pouteria sandwicensis, Pteralyxia kauaiensis, Psychotria mariniana, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Dodonea viscosa, Metrosideros poymorpha, Diospyros hillebrandii, D. sandwicensis, (habitat description ends abruptly) Preserved_Specimen Tangalin, N. 2868 Kauai BISH 2011-10-19
14 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Common in this area. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2820 Kauai BISH 1972-10-07
15 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist talus slope. Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 744 Kauai BISH 1927-02-16
16 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mixed mesic forest, summer dry Diospyros sandwicensis, Pleomele aurea, Myrsine lanaiensis, Planchonella sandwicensis, Cryptocarya mannii, Myoporum sandwicensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Psydrax odorata, Zanthoxylum dipetalum, Pteraly Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 15419 Kauai BISH 2013-02-17
17 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diospyros-Acacia-Metrosideros montane mesic forest, w/ Diospyros sandwicensis, D. hillebrandii, Alphitonia ponderosa, Pisonia sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Pleomele aurea, Psychotria mariniana, Kadua affinis, Coprosma waimeae, C. foliosa, Myrsine lan Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 15859 Kauai BISH 2014-02-28
18 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rare. Metrosideros mixed mesic forest adjacent to mesic cliffs with Planchonella sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Psydrax oderata, Diospyros sandwicensis, Chrysodracon aurea, Santalum pyrularium, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Syzygium sandwicensis, Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 18297 Kauai BISH 2019-08-28
19 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest with ohia, ti, ieie. Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 273 Kauai BISH 1977-07-27
20 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In rich forest. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21715 Kauai BISH 1952-01-16
21 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diverse mesic forest, 70% canopy cover with open understory. Overstory with Metrosideros polymorpha, Pouteria, Psydrax, Psychotria, Kadua affinis, Pleomele aurea, Diospyros spp, Cryptocaria, Nestigis, Pritchardia minor, Antidesma. Understory with Christella dentata, Kalanchoe pinnata and Lantana camara. Heavy goat sign. Preserved_Specimen Trauernicht, C. 755 Kauai BISH 2009-02-25
22 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia koa-Metrosideros mesic forest. With Xylosma hawaiiense, Planchonella sandwicensis, Psychotria greenwelliae, Scaevola procera, Nestegis sandwicensis, Ilex anomala, Syzygium sandwicensis, Pisonia sandwicensis, Euphorbia haeleeleana, Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 25235 Kauai BISH 2016-10-27
23 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Ten trees seen in one area above the cliff face. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2876 Kauai BISH 1973-01-21
24 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details diverse mesic forest with Diospyros spp., Pteralyxia kauaiensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Psydrax odorata, with some invasion by Aleurites moluccana and Passiflora ligularis, other threaths include pig and deer damage. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 7768 Kauai BISH 1996-04-25
25 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On steep slopes. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5083 Kauai BISH 1983-08-31
26 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest. Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 712 Kauai BISH 1927-02-16
27 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diospyros mixed mesic forest with Metrosideros, Pisonia, Pteralyxia, kauaiensis, Myrsine lanaiensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Diospyros hillebrandii, Diospyros sandwicensis, and Melicope ovata, Carex meyenii, Alyxia stellata, Doodia k Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 18602 Kauai BISH 2020-12-02
28 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On a slope in mixed mesic forest. Associates: Diospyros, Pisonia, Hibiscus, Alectryon, Canthium, Antidesma, Lantana, Rauvolfia, etc. Preserved_Specimen Lau, J. 2204.5 Kauai BISH 1986-03-30
29 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wooded slope on west side of valley. Good native forest. Associated with Diospyros ferrea, D. hillebrandii, Dracaena, Cyanea, Hibiscus Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 1437 Kauai BISH 1985-12-16
30 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On a ridgetop with Diospyros, Planchonella, Metrosideros. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2629 Kauai BISH 1986-09-06
31 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diospyros mixed mesic forest Diospyros sppp, Pouteria, Antidesma, Psychotria spp, Polyscias kavaiensis, Rauvolfia, Pteralyxia, Metrosideros polymorpha, Pleomele aurea, Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 15585 Kauai BISH 2013-07-24
32 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diverse mesic forest with Ohia, Lama, Pouteria, Kokia kauaiensis, Alectryon, Antidesma, Aleurites. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 10388 Kauai BISH 1989-06-12
33 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris mixed mesic forest adjacent to mesic clifs w/ Planchonella sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Psydrax oderata, Diospyros sandwicensis, Chrysodracon aurea, Santalum pyrularium, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Syzygium sandwicensis, Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 18509 Kauai BISH 2020-08-18
34 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Psydrax odorata, Lipochaeta connata, Lobelia niihauensis, Artemisia, Bidens sandwicensis, Munroidendron racemosum, Chamaesyce celastroides, Nototrichium, Lantana, Opuntia, Abutilon grandifolium Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 18864 Kauai BISH 2004-04-21
35 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details degraded mixed mesic forest. W/ diospyros sandiwcensis, metrosideros polymorphy, Pisonia sanwicensis, Xylosma hawaiiense, Antidesma platyphylla, Alectryon macrococcus, Psydrax odorata, Dodonaea viscosa, Hibiscus waimeae, Pleiomel Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 12461 Kauai BISH 2007-07-05
36 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros polymorpha var glaberrima, Antidesma platyphylla, Zanthoxylum dipetalum var dipetalum, Psychotria wawrana, Falcataria moluccana, Myrsine kauaiensis, Myrsine helleri, Bobea sp, Polyscias oa Preserved_Specimen Heintzman, S. 1262301 Kauai BISH 2023-01-26
37 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Heavy goat and animal activity = sparse understory. Mixed mesic forest. Canopy of Metrosideros, Dispyros, Pteralyxia, Psydrax, Kadua affinis, Pouteria, and Pleomeles w/ understory of Christella, Bryophyllum, and Lantana Preserved_Specimen Tangalin, N. 1946 Kauai BISH 2010-02-25
38 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Makaha, north facing slopes. Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest w/ Alphitonia ponderosa, Diospyros sandwicensis, D. hillebrandii, Myrsine lanaiensis, Kadua affinis, Coprosma waimeae, Polyscias kavaiensis, Melicope ovata, M. barbigera, M. feddei, M. anisata, Dodona. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 18586 Kauai BISH 2020-11-04
39 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 1168 Kauai BISH 1985-08-15
40 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1824 Kauai BISH 1983-08-22
41 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 615 Kauai BISH 1916-10-20
42 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 12 Kauai BISH 1968-09-11
43 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 273 Kauai BISH 1977-07-27
44 Pteralyxia kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. Kauai BISH 1952-01-16
Back to Top