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Cyperus rotundus

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: Cyperus

kili‘o‘opu [kilioopu], nut grass, nutsedge, pipiwai (Ni‘ihau via St. John), purple nut sedge

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennials, rhizomes slender, each one terminated by a globose–ovoid tuber.

Stems: culms solitary or few together, bearing a corm-like enlargement at base, slender, trigonous, smooth, erect, 10–30(–60) cm tall.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. 3-ranked. Blades linear, much shorter than the culm, folded, 2–5 mm wide. Margins entire. Veins parallel. Sheathing; sheaths pale brown, eventually disintegrating into brown parallel fibers; ligule short. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in corymbs simple to compound, open, with 2–10 slender rays of unequal length, 1– 8(–12) cm long, spreading, spikes turbinate with short rachis, loosely bearing 3–10 spikelets; involucral bracts usually 2–3(–5), the lowest one 2–3 times as long as the corymb; spikelets 8–28–flowered, reddish brown, spreading, linear, 1–3 cm long, 2–3 mm wide, rachilla winged; glumes pale purplish brown or reddish brown, membranous, ovate to ovate–elliptic, 3–3.2 mm long, folded, 5–7 nerved, keel subacute, apex obtuse or mucronate, the mucro recurved. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Corolla (petals) absent. Ovary superior; stigmas 3.

Fruit: Achenes brown; oblong; trigonous; ⅓–⅖ as long as the glume; minutely puncticulate. Seeds 1; seed coat thin; free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant.

Ploidy: 2n = 16; 26; 84; 96; 100; 108; 128; 152

Habitat: Naturalized and common in disturbed areas.

Elevation Range: 0–800 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (71)

Chlorocyperus rotundus (L.) Palla (1900)
Cyperus agrestis Willd. ex Spreng. & Link (1820)
Cyperus badius var. inconspicuus (Nyman) Nyman (1890)
Cyperus bicolor Vahl (1805)
Cyperus bulbosostolonifer Miq. (1861)
Cyperus comosus Sm. (1806)
Cyperus elongatus Sieber ex Kunth (1837)
Cyperus herbicavus Melliss (1875)
Cyperus hexastachyos Rottb. (1773)
Cyperus hildra Poir. (1806)
Cyperus hydra Michx. (1803)
Cyperus inconspicuus Gennari (1851)
Cyperus laevissimus Steud. (1854)
Cyperus leptostachyus Griff. (1848)
Cyperus longus Boeckeler (1880)
Cyperus merkeri C.B.Clarke (1906)
Cyperus micreilema Steud. (1854)
Cyperus ochreoides Steud. (1854)
Cyperus officinalis Nees ex Godr. (1855)
Cyperus oliganthus Gand. (1876)
Cyperus olivaris O.Targ.Tozz. (1807)
Cyperus olivaris var. brevibracteatus Le Grand (1901)
Cyperus pallescens Boiss. (1882)
Cyperus patulus M.Bieb. (1819)
Cyperus platystachys Cherm. (1922)
Cyperus procerulus Nees (1834)
Cyperus proteinolepis Boeckeler (1879)
Cyperus pseudovariegatus Boeckeler (1880)
Cyperus purpureovariegatus Boeckeler (1890)
Cyperus radicosus Sm. (1806)
Cyperus rotundus f. comosus (Sm.) Kük. (1935)
Cyperus rotundus f. contractus Kük. (1935)
Cyperus rotundus f. depallescens Ekman & Kük. (1935)
Cyperus rotundus f. inconspicuus (Nyman) Kük. (1935)
Cyperus rotundus f. latifolius Kük. (1935)
Cyperus rotundus f. latimarginatus Kük. (1935)
Cyperus rotundus subsp. brevibracteatus (Le Grand) M.Laínz (1971)
Cyperus rotundus subsp. comosus (Sm.) K.Richt. (1890)
Cyperus rotundus subsp. divaricatus Lye (1996)
Cyperus rotundus subsp. inconspicuus (Nyman) K.Richt. (1890)
Cyperus rotundus subsp. merkeri (C.B.Clarke) Kük. (1935)
Cyperus rotundus var. acutus Boeckeler (1870)
Cyperus rotundus var. amaliae C.B.Clarke (1884)
Cyperus rotundus var. brevibracteatus (Le Grand) Husn. (1906)
Cyperus rotundus var. carinalis Benth. (1878)
Cyperus rotundus var. carinatus F.M.Bailey (1902)
Cyperus rotundus var. centiflorus C.B.Clarke (1884)
Cyperus rotundus var. comosus (Sm.) Nyman (1882)
Cyperus rotundus var. elongatus Boeckeler (1870)
Cyperus rotundus var. hydra (Michx.) A.Gray (1856)
Cyperus rotundus var. inconspicuus Nyman (1882)
Cyperus rotundus var. macrostachyus Boiss. (1882)
Cyperus rotundus var. major Parl. (1852)
Cyperus rotundus var. platystachys Bojer ex C.B.Clarke (1897)
Cyperus rotundus var. procerula C.B.Clarke (1884)
Cyperus rotundus var. pseudesculentus Kük. (1924)
Cyperus rotundus var. quimoyensis L.K.Dai (1961)
Cyperus rotundus var. salsolus C.B.Clarke (1884)
Cyperus rotundus var. spadiceus Boeckeler (1870)
Cyperus rotundus var. taylorii (C.B.Clarke) Kük. (1935)
Cyperus rotundus var. tetrastachyos (Desf.) Trab. (1884)
Cyperus rubicundus Willd. ex Link (1820)
Cyperus rudioi var. minor Boeckeler (1882)
Cyperus stoloniferus var. pallidus Boeckeler (1868)
Cyperus taylorii C.B.Clarke (1901)
Cyperus tenuifolius Walp. (1849)
Cyperus tetrastachyos Desf. (1798)
Cyperus viridis Roxb. ex C.B.Clarke (1884)
Cyperus yoshinagae Ohwi (1937)
Pycreus rotundus (L.) Hayek (1932)
Schoenus tuberosus Burm.f. (1768)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Mokupāpapa (Kure atoll) Naturalized
Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Naturalized
Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) Naturalized
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Lalo (French Frigate Shoals) Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 45 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1399 (Ku, Mi, Ni, K, O, L, M, H); Hughes 1995:4 (Mo); Strong & Wagner 1997:42 (FF)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyperus rotundus Near Pookela Church, near outdoor polo field OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/19/2007
2 Cyperus rotundus Maui County, HI, USA OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/21/2007
3 Cyperus rotundus 7489????????7499 Kuamoo Rd, Lihue, HI, US OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 7/19/2007
4 Cyperus rotundus East Maui, near Olinda, on Olinda Rd OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 10/18/2007
5 Cyperus rotundus Kailua OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Oahu HAPI 3/18/2007
6 Cyperus rotundus Kilauea Iki Trail, P????hoa, HI 96778, USA OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/19/2007
7 Cyperus rotundus President William McKinley High School, Honolulu, HI, US OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/25/2007
8 Cyperus rotundus Iles Sandwich - Maui OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/19/2007
9 Cyperus rotundus Near Pookela Church, near outdoor polo field OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/19/2007
10 Cyperus rotundus Maui County, HI, USA OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/21/2007
11 Cyperus rotundus 7489????????7499 Kuamoo Rd, Lihue, HI, US OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 7/19/2007
12 Cyperus rotundus East Maui, near Olinda, on Olinda Rd OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 10/18/2007
13 Cyperus rotundus Kailua OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Oahu HAPI 3/18/2007
14 Cyperus rotundus Kilauea Iki Trail, P????hoa, HI 96778, USA OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/19/2007
15 Cyperus rotundus President William McKinley High School, Honolulu, HI, US OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/25/2007
16 Cyperus rotundus Iles Sandwich - Maui OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/19/2007
17 Cyperus rotundus Near Pookela Church, near outdoor polo field OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/19/2007
18 Cyperus rotundus Maui County, HI, USA OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/21/2007
19 Cyperus rotundus 7489????????7499 Kuamoo Rd, Lihue, HI, US OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 7/19/2007
20 Cyperus rotundus East Maui, near Olinda, on Olinda Rd OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 10/18/2007
21 Cyperus rotundus Kailua OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Oahu HAPI 3/18/2007
22 Cyperus rotundus Kilauea Iki Trail, P????hoa, HI 96778, USA OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/19/2007
23 Cyperus rotundus President William McKinley High School, Honolulu, HI, US OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/25/2007
24 Cyperus rotundus Iles Sandwich - Maui OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/19/2007
25 Cyperus rotundus Near Pookela Church, near outdoor polo field OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/19/2007
26 Cyperus rotundus Maui County, HI, USA OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/21/2007
27 Cyperus rotundus 7489????????7499 Kuamoo Rd, Lihue, HI, US OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 7/19/2007
28 Cyperus rotundus East Maui, near Olinda, on Olinda Rd OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 10/18/2007
29 Cyperus rotundus Kailua OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Oahu HAPI 3/18/2007
30 Cyperus rotundus Kilauea Iki Trail, P????hoa, HI 96778, USA OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/19/2007
31 Cyperus rotundus President William McKinley High School, Honolulu, HI, US OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/25/2007
32 Cyperus rotundus Iles Sandwich - Maui OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/19/2007
33 Cyperus rotundus Near Pookela Church, near outdoor polo field OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/19/2007
34 Cyperus rotundus Maui County, HI, USA OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/21/2007
35 Cyperus rotundus 7489????????7499 Kuamoo Rd, Lihue, HI, US OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 7/19/2007
36 Cyperus rotundus East Maui, near Olinda, on Olinda Rd OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 10/18/2007
37 Cyperus rotundus Kailua OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Oahu HAPI 3/18/2007
38 Cyperus rotundus Kilauea Iki Trail, P????hoa, HI 96778, USA OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/19/2007
39 Cyperus rotundus President William McKinley High School, Honolulu, HI, US OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/25/2007
40 Cyperus rotundus Iles Sandwich - Maui OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/19/2007
41 Cyperus rotundus Near Pookela Church, near outdoor polo field OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/19/2007
42 Cyperus rotundus Maui County, HI, USA OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/21/2007
43 Cyperus rotundus 7489????????7499 Kuamoo Rd, Lihue, HI, US OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 7/19/2007
44 Cyperus rotundus East Maui, near Olinda, on Olinda Rd OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 10/18/2007
45 Cyperus rotundus Kailua OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Oahu HAPI 3/18/2007
46 Cyperus rotundus Kilauea Iki Trail, P????hoa, HI 96778, USA OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/19/2007
47 Cyperus rotundus President William McKinley High School, Honolulu, HI, US OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/25/2007
48 Cyperus rotundus Iles Sandwich - Maui OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/19/2007
49 Cyperus rotundus Near Pookela Church, near outdoor polo field OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/19/2007
50 Cyperus rotundus Maui County, HI, USA OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/21/2007
51 Cyperus rotundus 7489????????7499 Kuamoo Rd, Lihue, HI, US OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 7/19/2007
52 Cyperus rotundus East Maui, near Olinda, on Olinda Rd OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 10/18/2007
53 Cyperus rotundus Kailua OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Oahu HAPI 3/18/2007
54 Cyperus rotundus Kilauea Iki Trail, P????hoa, HI 96778, USA OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/19/2007
55 Cyperus rotundus President William McKinley High School, Honolulu, HI, US OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/25/2007
56 Cyperus rotundus Iles Sandwich - Maui OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/19/2007
57 Cyperus rotundus Near Pookela Church, near outdoor polo field OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/19/2007
58 Cyperus rotundus Maui County, HI, USA OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/21/2007
59 Cyperus rotundus 7489????????7499 Kuamoo Rd, Lihue, HI, US OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 7/19/2007
60 Cyperus rotundus East Maui, near Olinda, on Olinda Rd OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 10/18/2007
61 Cyperus rotundus Kailua OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Oahu HAPI 3/18/2007
62 Cyperus rotundus Kilauea Iki Trail, P????hoa, HI 96778, USA OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/19/2007
63 Cyperus rotundus President William McKinley High School, Honolulu, HI, US OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/25/2007
64 Cyperus rotundus Iles Sandwich - Maui OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Hawaii HAPI 3/19/2007
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