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Ischaemum byrone

(Trin.) Hitchc. (1922)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Ischaemum

Hilo ischaemum

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Stoloniferous perennials.

Stems: Culms erect from a decumbent base, 4-8 dm tall, glabrous, nodes sparsely long-pilose.

Roots: Roots fibrous.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades flat, 7-20 cm long, 3-5 mm wide, glabrous, the uppermost much reduced, apex attenuate. Veins parallel. Sheaths glabrous or occasionally long-pilose near base with hairs up to 7 mm long, the uppermost sheaths often inflated, auricles firm, 3-4 mm long; ligule prominent, membranous at the center, ovate to truncate, 1.5-3 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Racemes yellow to yellowish brown, 2(3) per inflorescence, often partially included within the inflated sheath, digitate, 4-10 cm long, rachis joints triangular, 3-4 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pilose at base and along margins toward apex, concave at apex; sessile spikelet 6-7 mm long (excluding awns), the hairs at base ca. 1/2 as long, first glume oblong, ca. 6 mm long, flat on the back, indistinctly nerved, scaberulous, pilose on the back with hairs up to 4 mm long, apex bidentate, the teeth short-awned, the awns 0.5-1 mm long, second glume 6-7 mm long, keeled, scaberulous toward apex but otherwise glabrous, nerveless or weakly nerved, apex tapering to a scabrous awn 5-7 mm long, first lemma hyaline, about as long as first glume, second lemma hyaline, 5-nerved, apex bidentate, awned from between the teeth, the awn 24-26 mm long, tightly twisted up to the first bend (ca. 5 mm); pedicellate spikelet 5-6 mm long, pedicel ca. 3 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter and triangular like the rachis joint, long-pilose on 1 of the angles, the others ciliate, first glume ca. 6 mm long, distinctly 5-nerved, rounded on the back, scaberulous, sparsely pilose on back with hairs up to 3 mm long, apex bidentate, with an awn ca. 1 mm long, second glume ca. 6 mm long, 7-nerved, scaberulous, lower half densely pilose with hairs up to 4 mm long, keeled, the keel scabrous, apex with an awn 2-3 mm long, first lemma hyaline, 4-5 mm long, 3-nerved, apex bidentate, awned from between the 2 teeth, the awn reddish brown, 1.5-2 cm long, twisted, glabrous below first bend, scabrous above it, straight.

Fruit: Caryopsis golden; ovate; ca. 3 mm long.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring among rocks near the ocean and occasionally further inland.

Elevation Range: 0–75 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous

Island Status

Kaua'i Indigenous
O'ahu Indigenous
Molokai Indigenous
Maui Indigenous
Hawai'i Indigenous

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Mem. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 8: 213 (1922)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1556 (Mo, M, H); Lorence et al. 1995:46 (K); Herbst & Clayton 1998:29/Faccenda 2022:74 (KEY); Imada et al. 2000:15 (O); Clayton & Snow 2010:87 (change status from end to ind); Remy 110 BISH (O†, 1855)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Herb on dripping wet cliff face. With Bacopa monnieri, Lythrum maritimum and Mariscus javanicus. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. Kauai BISH 1989-05-25
2 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Pandanus forest on pahoehoe lava flow just north of cottage. With Scaevola sericea and Phymatosorus scolopendria. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2405 Maui BISH 1987-10-06
3 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On arid, coastal rocks. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3856 Hawaii BISH 1930-03-06
4 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On wet sea cliffs. Vegetation: Pandanus, Hibiscus, Ardisia, Cocos, Pluchea, Hedychium, Solanum, Sphagneticola, Aleurites, Begonia, Carex, Lysimachia, Bacopa, Sadleria, Cyrtomium, Adiantum, Ficus, Dioscorea, Hoya, Ipomoea, Digitaria, Ischaemum, Lycium, Spathodea Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 81303 Maui BISH 2013-08-01
5 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Long coastal boulder-strewn beach with vertical cliff at back, 10-30 m from water. Cliff with Artemisia australis, Chenopodium oahuense, Schiedea globosa, Kalanchoe pinnata, Tetramolopium sylvae, Lythrum maritimum, and Hedyotis littoralis, among others. Forming clumps on rocks. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5743 Molokai BISH 1987-08-01
6 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Ocean bluffs. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 9917 Maui BISH 1933-08-20
7 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details low basalt tide pools, ridge line; Sphenomeris chinensis, Sadleria pallida, Phymatosorus grossus, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, Scaevola sericea, Pandanus tectorius, Paspalum scrobiculatum, Carex wahuensis, Cyperus phleoides, Cyperus polystachyos Preserved_Specimen grass; vegetative; no flower or fruit Wood, K.R. 11200 Maui BISH 2005-04-06
8 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Pahoehoe flow on crest of windy seacliffs, spray zone, locally common bunchgrass (dominant sp.) on mostly barren substrate, population in 100's. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 7504 Hawaii BISH 1992-07-16
9 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On pahoehoe. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1383 Hawaii BISH 1936-06-29
10 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing near shore. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9074 Molokai BISH 1928-08-05
11 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Lava along shore of bay. Preserved_Specimen Hitchcock, A.S. 14144 Hawaii BISH 1916-08-17
12 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing among rocks in the spray of the ocean. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1320 Maui BISH 1982-03-26
13 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Coastal shrubland and herbland with Scaevola taccada and Fimbristylis, salt spray zone. Scarce, small colony ca. 1 m in diameter growing above highwater line. Preserved_Specimen Perennial herb, culms forming clumps, infl solitary. Lorence, D.H. 7691 Maui BISH 1995-05-18
14 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Pahoehoe flow on crest of windy seacliffs, spray zone. Preserved_Specimen Locally bunchgrass (dominant species) on mostly barren substrate, population in 100s. Takeuchi, W.N. 7504 Hawaii BISH 1992-07-16
15 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On arid, coastal rocks. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3856 Hawaii BISH 1930-03-06
16 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Coastal flats of decomposed aa and scoria. Locally common on flat open basalt just back of wave-cut cliff, exposed to some salt spray. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 55433 Maui BISH 1974-04-13
17 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On arid, coastal rocks. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3856 Hawaii BISH 1930-03-06
18 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In bare cinders and ledges at edge of windy stormy sea. Growing near Bidens hillebrandiana and Lipochaeta succulenta as at Wailau, Moloka`i! Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 12475 Maui BISH 1939-08-30
19 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Scaevola taccada shrubland. Pandanus tectorius, bidens hillebrandiana Preserved_Specimen Scattered plants on cliffs with flowers and fruit, 1 meter ht Perlman, S. 22941 Maui BISH 2012-06-21
20 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details in soil pockets and on ledges. Vegetation: Pandanus, Scaevola,, Osteomeles, Vitex, Lysimachia, Bidens, Lipochaeta, Sesuvium, Lycium, Bacopa, Cyperus, Fimbristylus, Cyrtomium, Digitaria, Sadleria. Preserved_Specimen Scattered, many plants observed. Oppenheimer, H.L. 51601 Maui BISH 2016-05-01
21 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details With Fimbristylis cymosa, Scaevola, Casuarina, etc. Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3718 Maui BISH 1969-06-26
22 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Disturbed Pandanus coastal forest. Preserved_Specimen At least 5 plants found growing on a large boulder on margin of pond. LeGrande, M. 1270 Maui BISH 2002-11-20
23 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On arid, coastal rocks. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3856 Hawaii BISH 1930-03-06
24 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Odontosoria chinensis, Bacopa, Scaevola taccada, Bidfens hillebrandii, Ardesia, Panicum maximum, Paspalum conjugatum, Pluchea, Fimbristylis cymosa Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 7194 Maui BISH 1998-02-19
25 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Pandanus, Cocculus, Scaevola taccada, Fimbristylis cymosa Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 588 Maui BISH 1991-02-13
26 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Lava along shore of bay. Preserved_Specimen Hitchcock, A.S. 14144 Hawaii BISH 1916-08-17
27 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Talus slopes at foot of cliffs. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 9676 Molokai BISH 1933-07-04
28 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On wet dripping sea cliffs near central area of beach. In mostly alien veg. with Casuarina equisetifolia, Scaevola sericea, Chamaesyce, Lipochaeta succulenta, Plantago major, Mariscus javanicus, Bacopa, Sonchus oleraceus, Galinsoga, Colocasia esculenta. Preserved_Specimen Several clumps or patches of grass, about 1-2 ft high, with flowers and fruit, about 2 patches in one area and 4 patches in another. Perlman, S. 13723 Kauai BISH 1993-07-30
29 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Odontosoria chinensis, Bacopa, Scaevola taccada, Bidfens hillebrandii, Ardesia, Panicum maximum, Paspalum conjugatum, Pluchea, Fimbristylis cymosa Preserved_Specimen Matting grass with decumbent culms, on top of cliff Wood, K.R. 7196 Maui BISH 1998-02-19
30 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1396 Maui BISH 1982-05-16
31 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Coastal cliff. Vegetation: Pandanus, Scaevola, Sadleria, Kadua, Lycium, Lysimachia, Bacopa, Fimbristylis, Cyperus Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 81222 Maui BISH 2012-08-14
32 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details obseved haere and with binoculars to the east of the stream mouth (which ends in a waterfall above a boulder beach) and two offshore islets. Vegetation: Pandanus, Scaevola, Lycium, Bidens, Sadleria, Bacopa, Cyperus, Fimbristylis. Preserved_Specimen Locally common; well over 100 plants observed Oppenheimer, H.L. 81215 Maui BISH 2012-08-13
33 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Grassy point above sea. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 27 Maui BISH 1978-07-03
34 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Between rocks on shore. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 13004 Hawaii BISH 1917-09-07
35 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lee, H.A. 160 Hawaii BISH 1926-03-01
36 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2159 Molokai BISH 1984-08-26
37 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 1349 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-01
38 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 10367 Molokai BISH 1984-08-12
39 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 17893 Maui BISH 1937-01-01
40 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 5040511 Maui BISH 2005-04-05
41 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 3629 Maui BISH 1951-05-21
42 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 1349 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-01
43 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Molokai BISH 1909-01-01
44 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
45 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 527 Molokai BISH 1912-09-01
46 Ischaemum byrone Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 110 Oahu BISH 1851-01-01
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