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Spirodela polyrhiza

(L.) Schleid. (1839)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Alismatales Family: Araceae Genus: Spirodela

giant duck weed

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Fronds free-floating on water surface, 2–5 cohering in groups connected by elongate, peltately attached stipes.

Stems: The paired "leaves" are actually modified stems.

Roots: Roots (4)5–12, fascicled.

Leaves: Leaves absent. Blades obovate to orbicular, (3–)4–8(–10) mm long, 2–6 mm wide, reproducing primarily by asexual budding, over–wintering buds dark brown and reniform, arising from the reproductive pouches and growing nearly to maturity before separating from the parent plant. Upper surfaces dark green; lower surfaces reddish. 5–11(–15) conspicuous radiating veins that create a peltate appearance,. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in saclike spathes open only at apex, with 2 staminate flowers consisting of a solitary anther and 1 pistillate flower consisting of a single ovary with 1–2 ovules. Flowers usually 3 in each pouch, 2(3) staminate and 1 pistillate in 1–2 lateral pouches on either side of the basal end of the frond, enclosed in a spathe. Flowers unisexual. Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens 2, 4-locular. Ovary superior; ovules 1–2 .

Fruit: Fruit slightly winged. Seeds compressed; smooth or slightly reticulate.

Ploidy: 2n = 30; 40

Habitat: naturalized; or possibly indigenous; occurring in taro paddies; slow–running streams; ponds; and marshes; documented only from O'ahu; but probably more widespread.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Specimens

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Bibliography

Name Published In: Linnaea 13: 392 (1839)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1458 (O); Wagner et al. 1997:59 (M, H, KEY); Imada et al. 2000:12 (K); Staples et al. 2002:11 (DESCR); Staples & Herbst 2005:675 (DESCR); Wagner et al. 2005— (status change from “nat?” to “ind”)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Waimanalo, Leilani Nursery, 41-630 Kaulukanu St. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN George Staples 759 Oahu PTBG 11/16/1991
2 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. E Maui Kanahana Beach. In small pond near beach. Floating on surface of pond. Small, green circulr plants w/ PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Starr, F.; Starr, K.; Fukada 030204-1 Maui US 2/4/2003
3 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Ko'olau Poko District, Waimanalo, in Waikupanaha Stream just upstream from where it crosses beneath Kalanianaole Hwy near main entrance to Bellows AFS. Freshwater canal draining Waimanalo agricultural park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Staples, G. W. 1203 Oahu US 2/9/2001
4 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Ko`olau Poko District, Waimanalo, in Waikupanaha Stream just upstream from where it crosses beneath Kalanianaole Hwy near main entrance to Bellows AFS. Freshwater canal draining Waimanalo agricultural park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN G. Staples 1203 Oahu US 2/9/2001
5 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. e maui kanahana beach. in small pond near beach. Floating on surface of pond. Small, green circulr plants w/ PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. starr, k. starr & fukada 030204-1 Maui US 2/4/2003
6 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Waimanalo, in Waikupanaha Stream just upstream from where it crosses beneath Kalanianaole Hwy near main entrance to Bellow AFS. Freshwater canal draining Waimanalo agricultural park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN George Staples 1203 Oahu PTBG 2/9/2001
7 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. ko`olau poko district, waimanalo, in waikupanaha stream just upstream from where it crosses beneath kalanianaole hwy near main entrance to bellows afs. freshwater canal draining waimanalo agricultural park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN g. staples 1203 Oahu US 2/9/2001
8 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. kawihapai, oahu, t. hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. 8933 USF 11/27/1926
9 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Waimanalo, Leilani Nursery, 41-630 Kaulukanu St PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Staples, G. 759 Oahu BISH 11/16/1991
10 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. kawaihapai, mouth of creek PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 10008 Oahu BISH 11/3/1929
11 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Koolaupoko Distr., Waimanalo, in Waikupanaha Stream just upstream from where it crosses beneath Kalanianaole Hwy near main entrance to Bellows AFS Freshwater canal draining Waimanalo agricultural park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Staples, G.W. Collector Number: 1203 Oahu BISH 2/9/2001
12 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Damon Ponds, Moanalua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 2517.O Oahu BISH 10/20/1918
13 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. E Maui Kanahana Beach. In small pond near beach. Floating on surface of pond. Small, green circulr plants w/ PRESERVED_SPECIMEN F. Starr, K. Starr & Fukada 030204-1 Maui US 2/4/2003
14 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. kihei, in waterway makai of south kihei road between st. teresa's church (1310 s.kihei rd) and maui dive shop (1455 s.kihei rd) Floating on edge of waterway in small numbers following project to remove water hyacinth from the site. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN thomas, p. collector number: s.n. Maui BISH 8/3/2004
15 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Waikupanaha Stream, Waimanalo, Oahu, Hawaii Mauka side of bridge, floating in water, tangled in debris. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crago, L.M. 2005-226 Oahu BISH 11/3/2005
16 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. koolaupoko distr., waimanalo, in waikupanaha stream just upstream from where it crosses beneath kalanianaole hwy near main entrance to bellows afs Freshwater canal draining Waimanalo agricultural park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN staples, g.w. collector number: 1203 Oahu BISH 2/9/2001
17 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Kailua, edge of Kaelepulu Pond, west borders PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 6/11/1940
18 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. s shore, kapalawai, makai of hwy 50 Common on trees and forming mats on ground PRESERVED_SPECIMEN imada, c.t. char, w.p.; morden, c. collector number: 99-7 Maui BISH 3/6/1999
19 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. east maui, kanaha beach In small pond near beach. Floating on surface of pond. Associated vegetation: Schinus terebinthifolius. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN starr, f. starr, k.; m.fukada collector number: 030204-1 Maui BISH 2/4/2003
20 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Waikupanaha Stream, Waimanalo, Oahu, Hawaii Mauka side of bridge, floating in water, tangled in debris. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crago, L.M. Imada, C. Collector Number: 2005-226 Oahu BISH 11/3/2005
21 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. S shore, Kapalawai, makai of Hwy 50 Floating on edge of Kapalawai Pond along with Eichhornia, Schoenoplectus, Cyperus involucratus, Lemna. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. Char, W.P.; Morden, C. Collector Number: 99-7 Kauai BISH 3/6/1999
22 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. waimanalo, leilani nursery, 41-630 kaulukanu st PRESERVED_SPECIMEN staples, g.w. et al. collector number: 759 Oahu BISH 11/16/1991
23 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Koolaupoko Distr., Waimanalo, in Waikupanaha Stream just upstream from where it crosses beneath Kalanianaole Hwy near main entrance to Bellows AFS Freshwater canal draining Waimanalo agricultural park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Staples, G. 1203 Oahu BISH 2/9/2001
24 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. S shore, Kapalawai, makai of Hwy 50 Floating on edge of Kapalawai Pond along with Eichhornia, Schoenoplectus, Cyperus involucratus, Lemna. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. 99-7 Kauai BISH 3/6/1999
25 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. kailua, edge of kaelepulu pond, west borders PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. hartt, c.e. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 6/11/1940
26 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Waikupanaha Stream, Waimanalo, Oahu, Hawaii Floating on surface of pond. Small, green circulr plants w/ PRESERVED_SPECIMEN F. Starr, K. Starr & Fukada 030204-1 Oahu HAPI 2/4/2003
27 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii County, US-HI, US PRESERVED_SPECIMEN G. Staples 1203 Maui HAPI 2/9/2001
28 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. damon ponds, moanalua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 2517.0 Oahu BISH 10/20/1918
29 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. kailua, edge of kaelepulu pond, north and west borders PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. hartt, c.e. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 5/30/1940
30 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. waikupanaha stream, waimanalo, oahu, hawaii Mauka side of bridge, floating in water, tangled in debris. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN crago, l.m. imada, c. collector number: 2005-226 Oahu BISH 11/3/2005
31 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Kihei, in waterway makai of South Kihei Road between St. Teresa's Church (1310 S.Kihei Rd) and Maui Dive Shop (1455 S.Kihei Rd) Floating on edge of waterway in small numbers following project to remove water hyacinth from the site. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Thomas, P. s.n. Maui BISH 8/3/2004
32 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. East Maui, Kanaha Beach In small pond near beach. Floating on surface of pond. Associated vegetation: Schinus terebinthifolius. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Starr, F. Starr, K.; M.Fukada Collector Number: 030204-1 Maui BISH 2/4/2003
33 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Manoa Valley, near new bridge, in taro patch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 2/11/1934
34 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Kailua, edge of Kaelepulu Pond, north and west borders PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 5/30/1940
35 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Kawaihapai, mouth of creek PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 10008 Oahu BISH 11/3/1929
36 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. manoa valley, near new bridge, in taro patch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. hartt, c. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 2/11/1934
37 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. East Maui, Kanaha Beach In small pond near beach. Floating on surface of pond. Associated vegetation: Schinus terebinthifolius. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Starr, F. 030204-1 Maui BISH 2/4/2003
38 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Waimanalo, Leilani Nursery, 41-630 Kaulukanu St. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN George Staples 759 Oahu PTBG 11/16/1991
39 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. E Maui Kanahana Beach. In small pond near beach. Floating on surface of pond. Small, green circulr plants w/ PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Starr, F.; Starr, K.; Fukada 030204-1 Maui US 2/4/2003
40 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Ko'olau Poko District, Waimanalo, in Waikupanaha Stream just upstream from where it crosses beneath Kalanianaole Hwy near main entrance to Bellows AFS. Freshwater canal draining Waimanalo agricultural park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Staples, G. W. 1203 Oahu US 2/9/2001
41 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Ko`olau Poko District, Waimanalo, in Waikupanaha Stream just upstream from where it crosses beneath Kalanianaole Hwy near main entrance to Bellows AFS. Freshwater canal draining Waimanalo agricultural park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN G. Staples 1203 Oahu US 2/9/2001
42 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. e maui kanahana beach. in small pond near beach. Floating on surface of pond. Small, green circulr plants w/ PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. starr, k. starr & fukada 030204-1 Maui US 2/4/2003
43 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Waimanalo, in Waikupanaha Stream just upstream from where it crosses beneath Kalanianaole Hwy near main entrance to Bellow AFS. Freshwater canal draining Waimanalo agricultural park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN George Staples 1203 Oahu PTBG 2/9/2001
44 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. ko`olau poko district, waimanalo, in waikupanaha stream just upstream from where it crosses beneath kalanianaole hwy near main entrance to bellows afs. freshwater canal draining waimanalo agricultural park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN g. staples 1203 Oahu US 2/9/2001
45 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. kawihapai, oahu, t. hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. 8933 USF 11/27/1926
46 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Waimanalo, Leilani Nursery, 41-630 Kaulukanu St PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Staples, G. 759 Oahu BISH 11/16/1991
47 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. kawaihapai, mouth of creek PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 10008 Oahu BISH 11/3/1929
48 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Koolaupoko Distr., Waimanalo, in Waikupanaha Stream just upstream from where it crosses beneath Kalanianaole Hwy near main entrance to Bellows AFS Freshwater canal draining Waimanalo agricultural park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Staples, G.W. Collector Number: 1203 Oahu BISH 2/9/2001
49 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Damon Ponds, Moanalua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 2517.O Oahu BISH 10/20/1918
50 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. E Maui Kanahana Beach. In small pond near beach. Floating on surface of pond. Small, green circulr plants w/ PRESERVED_SPECIMEN F. Starr, K. Starr & Fukada 030204-1 Maui US 2/4/2003
51 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. kihei, in waterway makai of south kihei road between st. teresa's church (1310 s.kihei rd) and maui dive shop (1455 s.kihei rd) Floating on edge of waterway in small numbers following project to remove water hyacinth from the site. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN thomas, p. collector number: s.n. Maui BISH 8/3/2004
52 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Waikupanaha Stream, Waimanalo, Oahu, Hawaii Mauka side of bridge, floating in water, tangled in debris. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crago, L.M. 2005-226 Oahu BISH 11/3/2005
53 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. koolaupoko distr., waimanalo, in waikupanaha stream just upstream from where it crosses beneath kalanianaole hwy near main entrance to bellows afs Freshwater canal draining Waimanalo agricultural park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN staples, g.w. collector number: 1203 Oahu BISH 2/9/2001
54 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Kailua, edge of Kaelepulu Pond, west borders PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 6/11/1940
55 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. s shore, kapalawai, makai of hwy 50 Common on trees and forming mats on ground PRESERVED_SPECIMEN imada, c.t. char, w.p.; morden, c. collector number: 99-7 Maui BISH 3/6/1999
56 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. east maui, kanaha beach In small pond near beach. Floating on surface of pond. Associated vegetation: Schinus terebinthifolius. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN starr, f. starr, k.; m.fukada collector number: 030204-1 Maui BISH 2/4/2003
57 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Waikupanaha Stream, Waimanalo, Oahu, Hawaii Mauka side of bridge, floating in water, tangled in debris. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crago, L.M. Imada, C. Collector Number: 2005-226 Oahu BISH 11/3/2005
58 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. S shore, Kapalawai, makai of Hwy 50 Floating on edge of Kapalawai Pond along with Eichhornia, Schoenoplectus, Cyperus involucratus, Lemna. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. Char, W.P.; Morden, C. Collector Number: 99-7 Kauai BISH 3/6/1999
59 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. waimanalo, leilani nursery, 41-630 kaulukanu st PRESERVED_SPECIMEN staples, g.w. et al. collector number: 759 Oahu BISH 11/16/1991
60 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Koolaupoko Distr., Waimanalo, in Waikupanaha Stream just upstream from where it crosses beneath Kalanianaole Hwy near main entrance to Bellows AFS Freshwater canal draining Waimanalo agricultural park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Staples, G. 1203 Oahu BISH 2/9/2001
61 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. S shore, Kapalawai, makai of Hwy 50 Floating on edge of Kapalawai Pond along with Eichhornia, Schoenoplectus, Cyperus involucratus, Lemna. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. 99-7 Kauai BISH 3/6/1999
62 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. kailua, edge of kaelepulu pond, west borders PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. hartt, c.e. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 6/11/1940
63 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Waikupanaha Stream, Waimanalo, Oahu, Hawaii Floating on surface of pond. Small, green circulr plants w/ PRESERVED_SPECIMEN F. Starr, K. Starr & Fukada 030204-1 Oahu HAPI 2/4/2003
64 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii County, US-HI, US PRESERVED_SPECIMEN G. Staples 1203 Maui HAPI 2/9/2001
65 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. damon ponds, moanalua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 2517.0 Oahu BISH 10/20/1918
66 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. kailua, edge of kaelepulu pond, north and west borders PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. hartt, c.e. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 5/30/1940
67 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. waikupanaha stream, waimanalo, oahu, hawaii Mauka side of bridge, floating in water, tangled in debris. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN crago, l.m. imada, c. collector number: 2005-226 Oahu BISH 11/3/2005
68 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Kihei, in waterway makai of South Kihei Road between St. Teresa's Church (1310 S.Kihei Rd) and Maui Dive Shop (1455 S.Kihei Rd) Floating on edge of waterway in small numbers following project to remove water hyacinth from the site. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Thomas, P. s.n. Maui BISH 8/3/2004
69 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. East Maui, Kanaha Beach In small pond near beach. Floating on surface of pond. Associated vegetation: Schinus terebinthifolius. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Starr, F. Starr, K.; M.Fukada Collector Number: 030204-1 Maui BISH 2/4/2003
70 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Manoa Valley, near new bridge, in taro patch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 2/11/1934
71 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Kailua, edge of Kaelepulu Pond, north and west borders PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 5/30/1940
72 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Kawaihapai, mouth of creek PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 10008 Oahu BISH 11/3/1929
73 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. manoa valley, near new bridge, in taro patch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. hartt, c. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 2/11/1934
74 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. East Maui, Kanaha Beach In small pond near beach. Floating on surface of pond. Associated vegetation: Schinus terebinthifolius. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Starr, F. 030204-1 Maui BISH 2/4/2003
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