img

Eucalyptus robusta

Sm. (1795)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Myrtales Family: Myrtaceae Genus: Eucalyptus

palepiwa (Ni‘ihau via St. John), swamp mahogany

img

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Trees 20–30 m tall.

Stems: Bark reddish brown, rough, soft, spongy throughout.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Adult Alternate. Blades broadly lanceolate, 10–16 cm long, 2.7–4.5 cm wide. Apex acuminate. Blades discolorous. Margins entire. Petioles 20–35 mm long. Stipules vestigial or absent.

Flowers: Flowers 9–15 in axillary, simple umbels, peduncles broadly flattened, 13–30 mm long, pedicels 1–9 mm long. buds rostrate or fusiform, 16–19 mm long, 6–8 mm wide. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic. Calyx modified into an operculum; operculum conical, rostrate. Stamens numerous, in several whorls; anthers dithecal. Ovary inferior; ovule placentation axile.

Fruit: Fruit cylindrical; 10–18 mm long; 6–11 mm wide; valves 3–4; included and coherent across orifice. Seeds numerous.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Planted; often as windbreaks; on Kaua'i; O'ahu; Moloka'i; Maui; and Hawai'i; and regenerating from seed in and near these areas.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Accepted Subtaxa (in Hawai'i) (1)

Eucalyptus robusta × Eucalyptus tereticornis

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Only found in cultivation
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Wind
Forestry

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Spec. Bot. New Holland 4: 39 (1795)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:957 (K, O, Mo, M, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:420 (KEY), 422 (DESCR); Oppenheimer 2007:28 (L)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Eucalyptus robusta Lanai City, near Planted. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 28595 Lanai BISH 1963-08-03
2 Eucalyptus robusta Honolulu, Lanipo Trail Occasional to common along trail. Preserved_Specimen Tall tree, ht ca. 20 ft, in flower and fruit. Kennedy, B. 17 Oahu BISH 1995-11-21
3 Eucalyptus robusta Parker Ranch, below Waikii Dry pasture land in windbreak. Preserved_Specimen Ewart III, G.R. 271 Hawaii BISH 1932-01-12
4 Eucalyptus robusta Kaa District, collected along SE side of Kanepuu Forest Trees planted as windbreaks. Preserved_Specimen Trees reaching 60 ft. in height. dbh 1 & 1/2 ft. Leaves alternate, elliptical to sometimes, but rarely falcate; 15 cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide. Fruits 8 cm. in diam. Flowers white. Spence, G. 9 Lanai BISH 1971-11-27
5 Eucalyptus robusta Kiolakaa-Kea Homesteads Addition, Kau Forest Reserve, Kau District growing in planted stand of Eucalyptus with Psidium cattleianum understory. Preserved_Specimen Medium size tree, no flowers or fruit. Cuddihy, L.W. 515 Hawaii BISH 1980-08-13
6 Eucalyptus robusta On Highway 377 0.8 miles E of the northern junction of Highways 37 and 377 Preserved_Specimen Tree (about 40 ft. tall, 20 inches dbh.) with rough, deeply furrowed, gray-brown bark; leathery, dark green foliage; and white flowers. Herbst, D.R. 793 Maui BISH 1967-12-18
7 Eucalyptus robusta Waiapaa Gulch, west-facing slope Steep side slope with Dodonaea, Schinus, Osteomeles, Psidium cattleianum. Preserved_Specimen Small tree. Many planted Eucalyptus along rim of this gulch. Imada, C. 20035 Lanai BISH 2003-05-02
8 Eucalyptus robusta East Maui, Hana District. Ka Iwi O Pele Secondary forest dominated by Hibiscus, Eucalyptus, Casuarina, Schinus and Ardisia. Common on summit and mauka slopes. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2590 Maui BISH 1987-11-05
9 Eucalyptus robusta Waialua District; Wahiawa Upland plain. Preserved_Specimen Baker, R.J. 222 Oahu BISH 1932-09-25
10 Eucalyptus robusta Koloa District: Lawai Planted tree along cane road into Lawai Valley from Hailima road. Preserved_Specimen Tree of 20 feet. Leaves dark glossy green above with whitish-green midrib, dull, paler below with whitish-green midrib. Young stems reddish-brown on upper side. Flowers with buttery odor. Stamens numerous, white. Calyptra whitish-yellow with pale green apex; recepticle whitish-green. Flynn, T.W. 1904 Kauai BISH 1986-09-26
11 Eucalyptus robusta Piihonua, W of Hilo Preserved_Specimen Tree 50-100ft, to 2ft in di. Little Jr., E.L. 31067 Hawaii BISH 1976-08-17
12 Eucalyptus robusta Pupukea Ridge Slope: 15 degrees; Soil: good to gravel; Veg Type: medium to heavy varied. Distribution: limited. Preserved_Specimen Robinson, K.D. 40 Oahu BISH 1971-03-20
13 Eucalyptus robusta Kokee HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Kauai 10/9/2013
14 Eucalyptus robusta Waimea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 5/12/2018
15 Eucalyptus robusta Kumu-o-Kalani. Lawai Cemetery Preserved_Specimen Tree. Herbst, D.R. 2108 Kauai BISH 1971-09-02
16 Eucalyptus robusta Honolulu; Manoa Valley; Lyon Arboretum Preserved_Specimen Tree about 50 ft. tall, 1 & 1/2 ft. dbh. Thick, spongy, deeply furrowed, reddish-brown bark. White flowers. Herbst, D.R. 644 Oahu BISH 1967-10-12
17 Eucalyptus robusta Kalopa State Recreation Area, Paauilo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 7/22/2017
18 Eucalyptus robusta Halemanu, Knudsen's estate Preserved_Specimen Tree height 20 m. MacDaniels, L.H. 786 Kauai BISH 1927-02-18
19 Eucalyptus robusta Apana Valley Preserved_Specimen 8 m x 3 dm tree St.John, H. 22795 Niihau BISH 1947-08-14
20 Eucalyptus robusta Waialua Hill, Waialua Preserved_Specimen Large, tall trees with thick, rough bark. Plus wood specimen. Edmondson, C.H. Kauai BISH 1944-01-04
21 Eucalyptus robusta Piihonua, W of Hilo Preserved_Specimen Tree 50-100ft, to 2ft in di. Little Jr., E.L. 31067 Hawaii BISH 1976-08-17
22 Eucalyptus robusta Kalopa State Recreation Area, Paauilo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 11/9/2017
23 Eucalyptus robusta Eastern part of island: Lookout Palaau State Park (Kalaupapa) Preserved_Specimen Tree 60 ft., 1 ft. diam., plantation, introduced. Little Jr., E.L. 31227 Molokai BISH 1976-09-16
24 Eucalyptus robusta Honolulu; Manoa Valley; Lyon Arboretum Preserved_Specimen Tree c 50 ft. tall; dbh c 1.5 ft.; reddish-brown very rugose bark, spongy; flowers white. Herbst, D.R. 644 Oahu BISH 1967-10-12
25 Eucalyptus robusta Koele Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 501 Lanai BISH 1916-02-05
26 Eucalyptus robusta Honolulu; Palolo Valley Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 52 Oahu BISH 1919-11-09
27 Eucalyptus robusta Headwaters of Awehi Gulch Preserved_Specimen Trees. Oppenheimer, H.L. 80621 Lanai BISH 2006-08-15
28 Eucalyptus robusta Haupu (Hoary Head Mountains) Kipu Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13636 Kauai BISH 1933-12-25
29 Eucalyptus robusta Makawao Reserve Preserved_Specimen Inciong, H. 3 Maui BISH 1960-04-28
30 Eucalyptus robusta Kokee, Waimea, Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10711 Kauai BISH 1930-12-26
31 Eucalyptus robusta Near Range HQTS. Hahuku Military Reservation Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 1302 Oahu BISH 1976-11-26
32 Eucalyptus robusta Waianae Mountains; Puu Manawahua Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. Oahu BISH 1929-12-08
33 Eucalyptus robusta Kau; Kapapala Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Hawaii BISH 1927-01-01
34 Eucalyptus robusta HSPA Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 411 Oahu BISH 1927-01-12
35 Eucalyptus robusta Kokee Preserved_Specimen Seeds. Landgraf, M.F. Kauai BISH 1944-11-17
36 Eucalyptus robusta Honolulu County; Pupukea Ridge Slope = 10 degrees: Soil = Koalite Clay: veg. type: Road side, temperate forest. Preserved_Specimen Tree. Lee, J. 1 Oahu BISH 1981-10-01
37 Eucalyptus robusta Waimea Canyon State Park. Along highway 55, one-eighth mile from Waimea Canyon Lookout Growing in a Koa closed forest. Preserved_Specimen Tree about 20 feet tall; dbh 10 inches. Leaves alternate; elliptic, tip acuminate and slightly falcate; light green top and bottom. Inflorescence an umbel from leaf axis. Spence, G. 101 Kauai BISH 1972-11-07
38 Eucalyptus robusta Waimea Good soil; wind break. Preserved_Specimen Tree 25 ft. high. Diam. breast high = 10 inches. Persistant, brown, subfibrous. Ewart III, G.R. 154 Hawaii BISH 1932-01-12
39 Eucalyptus robusta Paumalu Planted. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 24516 Oahu BISH 1957-09-15
40 Eucalyptus robusta Waiapaa Gulch, flat area near road above Growing near Grevillea robusta, Psidium guajava, Molasses grass and other introduced and native plants. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. 920003 Lanai BISH 1992-01-26
41 Eucalyptus robusta Honolulu County; Pupukea; Boy Scout Camp Slope = 1/3 NW: Soil = clay: Veg. type = arborescent. Distribution = scattered. Preserved_Specimen Tall tree 60 ft., rough bark; aromatic leaves. McCulloch, R. 12 Oahu BISH 1975-04-11
42 Eucalyptus robusta Koolau Mts., Puu Kapu, Kawailoa Training Area. Possible planting on edge of large mowed field. Associated canopy: Citharexlyum caudatum, Melaleuca quinquenervia, Schinus terebinthifolius, Casuarina spp., Grevillea robusta, Falcataria moluccana. Understory: Andropogon virginicus, Pterolepis glomerata, mixed alien grasses. Preserved_Specimen Tree 15-20 m tall. Bark fissured, light-colored. Leaves ca 15 cm long, veins yellow, not really aromatic. Classic Eucalyptus-type fruit, 3-4 locules; seed dustlike. More than 20 plants in area, seedlings present. Trees appear to be recruiting, but unclear if fully naturalized and spreading. Beachy, J. 506 Oahu BISH 2019-01-28
43 Eucalyptus robusta Honolulu; University of Hawaii Manoa Campus, Institute for Astronomy Growing in full sun. Preserved_Specimen A tree 6 m. tall. Bark reddish, deeply furrowed, lightweight. Stamens white. Flower has a strong odor (afternoon). Lau, J. 1603 Oahu BISH 1985-11-05
Back to Top