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Hibiscus kokio

Hillebr. ex Wawra (1873)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malvales Family: Malvaceae Genus: Hibiscus

Hawaiian red hibiscus, koki‘o [kokio], koki‘o [kokio], koki‘o ‘ula [kokio ula], koki‘o ‘ula‘ula [kokio ula], koki‘o ‘ula‘ula [kokio ulaula], koki‘o ‘ula‘ula [kokio ulaula], maku, mākū [maku], pua aloalo

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs to small trees (1–)3–7 m tall.

Stems: Stiffly pubescent distally with sessile, bifurcate to stellate hairs.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades elliptic to oblong–elliptic, ovate or sometimes obovate, 3–10(–21) cm long, 1.5–6(–11) cm wide, unlobed. Apex acute to acuminate. Base broadly cuneate to obtuse. Upper surfaces glabrous to blabrate; lower surfaces glabrate to moderately pubescent; Green, glossy, subcoriaceous. Upper surfaces glabrous to glabrate; lower surfaces glabrate to moderately pubescent; Green, glossy, subcoriaceous. Margins crenate to serrate, sometimes undulate in upper ½ or more, occasionally entire. Petioles 0.5–4(–7) cm long, stellate pubescent adaxially in a canalized line. Stipules subulate to lanceolate–linear, (2.5–)4–13 mm long.

Flowers: Flowers solitary, borne near the ends of branches; pedicels 1–4 cm long, articulate, involucral bracts 6–8, subulate to lanceolate-linear, 7–15(–17) mm long, 0.8–2(–3) mm wide. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx yellowish, smooth, narrowly to broadly tubular (2.1–)2.8–3.5(–4) cm long; 5-lobed, lobes deltate 0.5–1.5(–1.7) cm long, often accrescent in fruit, acute, stellate pubescent, veins obscure or prominent, sometimes with a gland on midrib of each lobe, lobes valvate in bud. Corolla actinomorphic to moderately zygomorphic, rotate to campanulate or tubular, corolla of 5 petals, red to orangish red, orange, or rarely yellow, sometimes with a red basal spot, linear–oblong to long–obovate, 4.5–7(–8.5) cm long, spreading to reflexed, lower surface usually densely pubescent, obovate, distinct from each other but adnate at base to staminal column, convolute in bud. Stamens 5 to numerous, monadelphous, forming a staminal column, staminal column spreading, 0.4-0.8 cm long; antheriferous for most of its length or only below the 5-toothed apex; filaments terminating the staminal column or borne below a 5-dentate apex; anthers monothecal. Pollen globose, echinate. Ovary superior, 5-celled or rarely appearing 10-celled by a vertical partition, the carpels borne in a single whorl or rarely seemingly superposed whorls, placentation axile; ovules 3 or more per cell; style exceeding the staminal column, 5- branched, branches spreading in a flat whorl, 0.7-1 cm long, usually pilose; stigmas discoid-fibriate, 1-2 mm in diameter.

Fruit: Loculicidally dehiscent capsules; pale brown; obovoid; 1.6–1.8 cm long; obscurely pubescent; exocarp and endocarp sometimes separating at maturity. Seeds dark brown; angular-reniform; 3-5 mm long; sparsely pubescent; with or without endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 82*; 84*

Habitat: Scattered populations from dry to wet forest.

Elevation Range: 70–800 m.
70–890(–1,100) m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Ethnobotanical Images

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Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Beiträge zur Flora der Hawaischen Inseln. Flora 56: 174 (1873)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:887 (K, O, Mo, M, H? [as H. kokio subsp. kokio presumed to have been present on H]); Staples & Herbst 2005:387 (KEY), 388 (DESCR); Huppman 2013/Thomson & Mashburn 2022:165 (confirm presence on H, Syn. H. kokio subsp. kokio = H. kokio)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Hibiscus kokio Wailau Valley Rainy, shrubby coastal ledges. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 18222 Molokai BISH 1928-08-03
2 Hibiscus kokio W Maui, Hanaula Ridge near head of Manawainui Gulch. 1/4 mi below forest reserve boundary Low forest of Metrosideros, Styphelia, Dicranopteris linearis. Preserved_Specimen Small tree 3-4 m x 10 cm, petals bright brilliant red. St.John, H. 26878 Maui BISH 1973-08-17
3 Hibiscus kokio Kawaihau District. North fork of Wailua River, ca. 700 m east of the Blue Hole and below Pohakupele. Metrosideros mixed wet lowland forest w/ riparian vegetation w/ Kadua centranthoides, K. elatior, Pipturus albidus, Pilea peploides, Boehmeria grandis, Machaerina angustifolia, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Psychotria mariniana, Cyrtandra wawrae, C. pickeringii, Cy Preserved_Specimen Tree, up to 6 m in area, diffusely branched, stems brown, mature flowers bright red, some fruit, small colony of ca. 20 trees in immediate area. Wood, K.R. 17447 Kauai BISH 2017-06-22
4 Hibiscus kokio Kawaiiki Ditch Trail, Kawailoa, Koolau Range Several shrubs on fare of basalt cliff by strteam near intake dam. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 6 m x 3 cm., branches arching and pendent; lvs dark blue green; fls red, ptals erectr, scarcely opening. St.John, H. 22268 Oahu BISH 1946-11-10
5 Hibiscus kokio Koloa district. At the leeward base of Haupu (mountain) Moist rock cliff; among about 10 others of the species. Associates: Psidium, Pluchea. Preserved_Specimen A timber-branched shrub cascading 2 m. down. Lau, J. 1307.1 Kauai BISH 1985-08-10
6 Hibiscus kokio Kealia Trail, Waianae Mountains Behind Dillingham Airfield, east of trail Sapindus-Erythrina forest, above talus slopes just west of stream bed, steep slopes under Sapindus oahuensis soil Preserved_Specimen Large plant sprawling over are 6 x 6 m, no flower or fruit Perlman, S. 5218 Oahu BISH 1987-02-12
7 Hibiscus kokio W Maui, Lahaina District, Honolua Valley Growing on steep, rocky, open to shady E slope of valley. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Diospyros, Bobea, Psychotria, Freycinetia, Antidesma, Psidium, Cinnamomum, Cordyline, Lantana, Ipomoea, Dioscorea, Passiflora, Rubus, Christella, Oplismenus, Blechnum, Asplenium, Pipturus, Nephrolepis. Preserved_Specimen Bark light, plants leaning on other trees or other stems, about 25 plants observed; flowers red, but few seen. Oppenheimer, H.L. 10713 Maui BISH 2007-01-11
8 Hibiscus kokio Koolau Range; Kawailoa, along Kawaiiki Ditch Trail Preserved_Specimen Bush 2 m x 1 m. Flower red. Shinohara, B. 52 Oahu BISH 1946-11-10
9 Hibiscus kokio Captain Cook; Amy Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden Preserved_Specimen Large shrub upto 15 ft. tall, densely branching. Rozett, J.R. 25 Hawaii BISH 1981-11-10
10 Hibiscus kokio Koloa, Lawai Valley, NTBG, Pump 6, Nursery Preserved_Specimen shrub; flower solitary, corolla red; leaves glossy, margins crenate Dunn, L. 162 Kauai BISH 2003-04-03
11 Hibiscus kokio Captain Cook; Amy Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden Preserved_Specimen Branching shrub to 15 ft. tall, bark gray-brown & slightly scaley. Rozett, J.R. 14 Hawaii BISH 1981-11-10
12 Hibiscus kokio Maui Zoo & Botanical Garden, Kahului Preserved_Specimen Shrub; flowers red. Corolla 9x3 cm. lax. Calyx puberulous, 3-3.5 cm. long, cleft 1.5-2 cm., the lobes narrowly acute. Pedicels 3-5 cm. long. Nagata, K.M. 3201 Maui BISH 1985-03-13
13 Hibiscus kokio Maui Zoo & Botanical Garden, Kahului Preserved_Specimen Shrub; flowers brilliant dark-red. Corolla 6.5 x 3.4-4 cm., patent. Calyx sparsely puberulent, 3-3.5 cm. cleft 1.5 cm. Pedicels 2.5-3.5 cm., pilose. Nagata, K.M. 3202 Maui BISH 1985-03-13
14 Hibiscus kokio Kawailoa, Kawaiiki ditch trail Near dam at end of trail Preserved_Specimen Shrub ca. 2 meters high; Orange-red flowers Chock, A.K. 509 Oahu BISH 1952-07-06
15 Hibiscus kokio Maui Zoo & Botanical Garden, Kahului Preserved_Specimen Shrub; flowers red. Corolla lax 7x3 cm. Calyx scabrous, 3-3.2 cm., cleft 1.5 cm. Pedicel slender, scabrous, 2.5-3.5 cm. long. Nagata, K.M. 3205 Maui BISH 1985-03-13
16 Hibiscus kokio Haupu Range, right hand side of Kipu Kai Gap Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 752 Kauai BISH 1916-11-03
17 Hibiscus kokio Haupu Range, Near Nauwiliwili Bay Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 702 Kauai BISH 1916-10-31
18 Hibiscus kokio Waimea Valley Audubon Center, Haleiwa Preserved_Specimen James, S.A. 363 Oahu BISH 2004-08-05
19 Hibiscus kokio Puu Ka Pele Preserved_Specimen Leaves very dark green & glossy (both sides). Flower Nopal red (Ridgeway, Pl. I). Petioles dark-green. Clay, H.F. Kauai BISH 1956-01-12
20 Hibiscus kokio Waimea Valley Audubon Center, Haleiwa Preserved_Specimen James, S.A. 359 Oahu BISH 2004-08-05
21 Hibiscus kokio W Maui, Mana Gulch above 10-mile pasture just mauka of the Forest Reserve line in the shallow gully Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1988 Maui BISH 1984-02-29
22 Hibiscus kokio Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 218 Oahu BISH 1864-01-01
23 Hibiscus kokio Haupu Range, left hand side of Kipu Kai Gap Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 752 Kauai BISH 1916-11-01
24 Hibiscus kokio Windward Haupu Preserved_Specimen Viney shrub, 3 m tall, long branched. Warshauer, F.R. 1185 Kauai BISH 1977-06-05
25 Hibiscus kokio Kahili Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 259 Kauai BISH 1909-08-11
26 Hibiscus kokio Wailau Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 552 Molokai BISH 1912-09-01
27 Hibiscus kokio Hii Mts. Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 643 Kauai BISH 1916-10-22
28 Hibiscus kokio Haupu Range, left hand side of Kipu Kai Gap Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 752 Kauai BISH 1916-11-01
29 Hibiscus kokio unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. BISH
30 Hibiscus kokio Wahiawa Mts., foot of Kahili on the swamp side Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 259 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
31 Hibiscus kokio Wahiawa Mts., foot of Kahili on the swamp side Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 259 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
32 Hibiscus kokio Wahiawa Mts., foot of Kahili on the swamp side Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 259 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
33 Hibiscus kokio unknown Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 725 BISH 1916-01-01
34 Hibiscus kokio Kahili Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 259 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
35 Hibiscus kokio Haupu Range, left hand side of Kipu Kai Gap Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 752 Kauai BISH 1916-11-01
36 Hibiscus kokio Honolulu; Kamehameha Girls School Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7123 Oahu BISH 1934-07-31
37 Hibiscus kokio Halawa, ridge S of the valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 472 Molokai BISH 1912-08-01
38 Hibiscus kokio Waimea Valley Audubon Center, Haleiwa Preserved_Specimen James, S.A. 357 Oahu BISH 2004-08-05
39 Hibiscus kokio Kauai Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 33 Kauai BISH 1975-06-01
40 Hibiscus kokio Waimea Valley Audubon Center, Haleiwa Preserved_Specimen James, S.A. 365 Oahu BISH 2004-08-05
41 Hibiscus kokio Wailau Trail Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 327 Molokai BISH 1912-08-01
42 Hibiscus kokio Maui Zoological & Botanical Gardens Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 14 Maui BISH 1978-07-03
43 Hibiscus kokio Koolau, Kawao, the ditch trail near intake Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 203 Oahu BISH 1922-08-15
44 Hibiscus kokio Honolulu; Kalihi Valley, Bishop Estate Nursery? Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. 37 Oahu BISH 1928-10-01
45 Hibiscus kokio Honolulu; Queen Lilioukalani Residence Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1916-01-01
46 Hibiscus kokio Koolau Mountain Range: Honolulu: 1420 Piikoi Street residence of E. L. Caum Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. Oahu BISH 1930-10-08
47 Hibiscus kokio Honolulu; Wilder's Garden Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH
48 Hibiscus kokio Cultivated in Hilo garden Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
49 Hibiscus kokio Honolulu: 1420 Piikoi Street residence of E. L. Caum Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. Oahu BISH 1930-10-08
50 Hibiscus kokio Honolulu; 2365 Oahu Avenue Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. Oahu BISH 1931-11-25
51 Hibiscus kokio Haupu Range Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH 1911-12-01
52 Hibiscus kokio [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; O`ahu; Hawai`i; Honolulu] Preserved_Specimen Wilder, G.P. Oahu BISH 1913-01-01
53 Hibiscus kokio unknown Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 725 BISH 1916-01-01
54 Hibiscus kokio Hanakapiai, near 3 mile marker, Kee to Kalalau trail, not far from where the trail enters Hoolulu Valley Openings in dryland forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs to 8 ft. tall. Many flowers have eyespots. Pop. 12 plants. Christensen, C. 33 Kauai BISH 1975-06-07
55 Hibiscus kokio Mapulehu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Molokai BISH
56 Hibiscus kokio Koolau Range, Kawailoa, Kawaiiki ditch trail Preserved_Specimen Chock, A.K. 244 Oahu BISH 1951-10-14
57 Hibiscus kokio Haupu Talus slope, among rocks. Preserved_Specimen Small tree 4 m tall. MacDaniels, L.H. 890 Kauai BISH 1927-02-26
58 Hibiscus kokio Honokowai ditch trail, W Maui Dark gulch - bottom near stream. Preserved_Specimen Twiggy shrub, 15 ft high, red fls. Degener, O. 25125 Maui BISH 1959-03-27
59 Hibiscus kokio Mt. Haupu, N side Kipu, below 1st range of vertical cliffs, next to bale of cliffs With Diospyros, Rauvolfia, Ochrosia. Preserved_Specimen Shrub to tree 15 ft. tall. Christensen, C. 336 Kauai BISH 1979-10-21
60 Hibiscus kokio Wailau Valley Thicket near stream. Preserved_Specimen Arching shrubs 6 m x 3 cm.; fls deep red, opening slightly. St.John, H. 23525 Molokai BISH 1948-12-27
61 Hibiscus kokio Wailau Valley Moist woods. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs 6-12 ft. high. St.John, H. 13230 Molokai BISH 1933-07-03
62 Hibiscus kokio Kawaiiki Ditch Trail, Kawailoa, Koolau Range Dry forests Preserved_Specimen Flowers red Shinohara, B. 52 Oahu BISH 1946-11-10
63 Hibiscus kokio W Maui, Honokowai Ditch Trail A large patch of old trees growing alongside the trail, a short way before the bottom. Preserved_Specimen Trees erect to leaning 10-20 ft tall, flowers pale red with full rounded petals as at Hanaula. Hobdy, R.W. 779 Maui BISH 1980-02-29
64 Hibiscus kokio East Maui, Hana District, Hana Forest Reserve, Hana Ranch lands, slopes makai and to the north of Puu Ki In a canopy opening of primarily Psidium cattleianum and scattered Spathodea campanulata, just off to the side of a pig hunter’s trail. Natives include occasional Metrosideros polymorpha, Cibotium glaucum, and infrequent Antidesma platyphylla, with twining Freycinetia arborea. Dicranopteris linearis a common groundcover fern clambering over the Hibiscus. Common groundcover aliens are Oplismenus hirtellus and Nephrolepis multiflora. Preserved_Specimen Two basally branching trees (6 ft and 10 ft tall) with straggly branches; sterile at this time. Imada, C. 200285 Maui BISH 2002-11-19
65 Hibiscus kokio Kealia Trail, Waianae Mountains Behind Dillingham Airfield, east of trail In Sapindus lowland mesic forest with Aleurites, Syzygium cumini, Canthium, Leucaena, Panicum maximum, Schinus, Plumbago, Bidens, Lipochaeta remyi, Schiedea kealiae Preserved_Specimen Two plants sprawling over are 6 x 6 m, with flower buds Perlman, S. 5841 Oahu BISH 1987-05-14
66 Hibiscus kokio Lihue District, Mt. Haupu, East along ridge from Waterhouse Monument and road to Kipu Kai. Along main ridge. Disturbed lowland windward Forest W/ Psydrax, Alyxia, Psidium cattleianum, Elephantopus mollis, Dianella lavarum, Spathoglottis plicata, Stachytarpheta, Schinus, Sida fallax, Syzygium cumini, Nephrolepis, Phmatosorus, Pluchea, Cycloso Preserved_Specimen Trunks branched from base 10-14 ft., whitish bark, cascading. Branch tips branched and procumbent, like up-turned hand. Flowers red, calyx yellow-green covered in stellate hairs. Leaves with scattered hairs below along venation, some on blade, single and stellate. Tangalin, N. 4520 Kauai BISH 2016-01-20
67 Hibiscus kokio Wailau Valley, tributary of Pulena Steam on south side. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Bobea, Syzygium, Psychotria, Alerites, Antidesma, Dicranopteris, Clidemia, Hedychium, Musa, Tibouchina, Cyclosorus, Cyperus. Preserved_Specimen At least 6 plants observed, emergent from dense Clidemia, often leaning on adjacent trees; flowers red. Oppenheimer, H.L. 71524 Molokai BISH 2015-07-16
68 Hibiscus kokio Upper Waipa Valley, 1/4 mile W of Waioli-Waipa Ridge Wet forest with Antidesma, Metrosideros, Cyanea, Psychotria. Preserved_Specimen Trees to 18ft x 4 1/2 in, petals red, column pale pink to white. Christensen, C. 66 Kauai BISH 1976-10-18
69 Hibiscus kokio Lihue District Mt. Haupu, N of finger, before and below summit. Above weedy gulch and just below basalt band. Disturbed lowland windward Forest Sida fallax, Pluchea, Cyclosorus dentatus, Pluchea carolinensis, Diospyros, Artimesia, Peperomia tetraphylla, Caesalpinia decapetala, Metrosideros, Euphorbia celastroides, Pisonia, Aleurites, Ficus, P Preserved_Specimen About 10 ft. tall, multi-branched, spindly, branches cascading, bark white. Branchlets upright, leaves light green. Young leaves scratchy both sides, older just below, glabrous above. Calyx light green, scratchy. Flowers red w/ orange tint, numerous, pollen yellow. Tangalin, N. 3397 Kauai BISH 2013-01-01
70 Hibiscus kokio Lihue District: Summit of Mt. Haupu, on the north face below summit. Metrosideros-Dicranopteris Shrubland w/ Diplopterygium pinnatum, Cibotium glaucum, Sadleria pallida, Bidens valida, Nephrolepis exaltata subsp. hawaiiensis, Sphenomeris chinensis, Kadua fluviatilis, K. acuminata, K. affinis, Psychotria Preserved_Specimen Large robust shrub. flowers bright red. Anthers yellow, filaments red, pollen yellow. Calyx yellow-green, calycle med-green. Hairs on outer calyx and hairs below leaf. Stima dark red. Leaves glossy light to dark green above, raised venation above and below. Tangalin, N. 4003 Kauai BISH 2014-12-19
71 Hibiscus kokio W Maui, Hanaula Ridge near head of Manawainui Gulch. 1/4 mi below forest reserve boundary Low forest of Metrosideros, Styphelia, Dicranopteris linearis. Preserved_Specimen Small tree 3-4 m x 10 cm, petals bright brilliant red. St.John, H. 26893 Maui BISH 1973-08-17
72 Hibiscus kokio Lihue District. Iliiliula Valley, along drainage below northern falls Metrosideros mixed wet forest with riparian vegetation Pisonia umbellifera, Antidesma platyphylla, Syzygium sandwicensis, Psychotria mariniana, P. mauiensis, P. wawrae, Melicope clusiifolia, Broussaisia arguta, Cyrtandra kealiae urceolata, C. longifolia, C Preserved_Specimen tree, 3 m tall, flowers red, ca. 30 trees in general area Wood, K.R. 15550 Kauai BISH 2013-06-27
73 Hibiscus kokio Kawaihapai; Waianae Range In shade of kukui. Preserved_Specimen Only one blossom seen, crimson and very beautiful. Lvs a dark glossy green, straggling bush 5-6ft high. Forbes, C.N. 1841 Oahu BISH 1903-02-14
74 Hibiscus kokio Boundary of Lihue & Kawaihau Districts; below the Blue Hole; Headwaters of N. fork of Wailua River, just N of Mt. Kawaikini, & SE of Mt. Waialeale. Above 1st major waterfall towards blue hole, 100 m above falls on stream bank Deep narrow valley surrounded by vertical cliffs laced with waterfalls. Low undisturbed wet forest of small, stunted trees & shrubs (Metrosideros, Bobea, Perrottetia, etc.) with ground cover of Pteridophytes, Gunnera, Cyrtandra & Cyanea, growing over saturated, rocky ground. Preserved_Specimen 3-4 m tall tree; in flower; corolla red; ca. 10 trees in area. Wood, K.R. 384 Kauai BISH 1990-07-02
75 Hibiscus kokio Wailau Valley Rainy, shrubby coastal ledges. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 18222 Molokai BISH 1928-08-03
76 Hibiscus kokio W Maui, Hanaula Ridge near head of Manawainui Gulch. 1/4 mi below forest reserve boundary Low forest of Metrosideros, Styphelia, Dicranopteris linearis. Preserved_Specimen Small tree 3-4 m x 10 cm, petals bright brilliant red. St.John, H. 26878 Maui BISH 1973-08-17
77 Hibiscus kokio Kawaihau District. North fork of Wailua River, ca. 700 m east of the Blue Hole and below Pohakupele. Metrosideros mixed wet lowland forest w/ riparian vegetation w/ Kadua centranthoides, K. elatior, Pipturus albidus, Pilea peploides, Boehmeria grandis, Machaerina angustifolia, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Psychotria mariniana, Cyrtandra wawrae, C. pickeringii, Cy Preserved_Specimen Tree, up to 6 m in area, diffusely branched, stems brown, mature flowers bright red, some fruit, small colony of ca. 20 trees in immediate area. Wood, K.R. 17447 Kauai BISH 2017-06-22
78 Hibiscus kokio Kawaiiki Ditch Trail, Kawailoa, Koolau Range Several shrubs on fare of basalt cliff by strteam near intake dam. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 6 m x 3 cm., branches arching and pendent; lvs dark blue green; fls red, ptals erectr, scarcely opening. St.John, H. 22268 Oahu BISH 1946-11-10
79 Hibiscus kokio Koloa district. At the leeward base of Haupu (mountain) Moist rock cliff; among about 10 others of the species. Associates: Psidium, Pluchea. Preserved_Specimen A timber-branched shrub cascading 2 m. down. Lau, J. 1307.1 Kauai BISH 1985-08-10
80 Hibiscus kokio Kealia Trail, Waianae Mountains Behind Dillingham Airfield, east of trail Sapindus-Erythrina forest, above talus slopes just west of stream bed, steep slopes under Sapindus oahuensis soil Preserved_Specimen Large plant sprawling over are 6 x 6 m, no flower or fruit Perlman, S. 5218 Oahu BISH 1987-02-12
81 Hibiscus kokio W Maui, Lahaina District, Honolua Valley Growing on steep, rocky, open to shady E slope of valley. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Diospyros, Bobea, Psychotria, Freycinetia, Antidesma, Psidium, Cinnamomum, Cordyline, Lantana, Ipomoea, Dioscorea, Passiflora, Rubus, Christella, Oplismenus, Blechnum, Asplenium, Pipturus, Nephrolepis. Preserved_Specimen Bark light, plants leaning on other trees or other stems, about 25 plants observed; flowers red, but few seen. Oppenheimer, H.L. 10713 Maui BISH 2007-01-11
82 Hibiscus kokio Koolau Range; Kawailoa, along Kawaiiki Ditch Trail Preserved_Specimen Bush 2 m x 1 m. Flower red. Shinohara, B. 52 Oahu BISH 1946-11-10
83 Hibiscus kokio Captain Cook; Amy Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden Preserved_Specimen Large shrub upto 15 ft. tall, densely branching. Rozett, J.R. 25 Hawaii BISH 1981-11-10
84 Hibiscus kokio Koloa, Lawai Valley, NTBG, Pump 6, Nursery Preserved_Specimen shrub; flower solitary, corolla red; leaves glossy, margins crenate Dunn, L. 162 Kauai BISH 2003-04-03
85 Hibiscus kokio Captain Cook; Amy Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden Preserved_Specimen Branching shrub to 15 ft. tall, bark gray-brown & slightly scaley. Rozett, J.R. 14 Hawaii BISH 1981-11-10
86 Hibiscus kokio Maui Zoo & Botanical Garden, Kahului Preserved_Specimen Shrub; flowers red. Corolla 9x3 cm. lax. Calyx puberulous, 3-3.5 cm. long, cleft 1.5-2 cm., the lobes narrowly acute. Pedicels 3-5 cm. long. Nagata, K.M. 3201 Maui BISH 1985-03-13
87 Hibiscus kokio Maui Zoo & Botanical Garden, Kahului Preserved_Specimen Shrub; flowers brilliant dark-red. Corolla 6.5 x 3.4-4 cm., patent. Calyx sparsely puberulent, 3-3.5 cm. cleft 1.5 cm. Pedicels 2.5-3.5 cm., pilose. Nagata, K.M. 3202 Maui BISH 1985-03-13
88 Hibiscus kokio Kawailoa, Kawaiiki ditch trail Near dam at end of trail Preserved_Specimen Shrub ca. 2 meters high; Orange-red flowers Chock, A.K. 509 Oahu BISH 1952-07-06
89 Hibiscus kokio Maui Zoo & Botanical Garden, Kahului Preserved_Specimen Shrub; flowers red. Corolla lax 7x3 cm. Calyx scabrous, 3-3.2 cm., cleft 1.5 cm. Pedicel slender, scabrous, 2.5-3.5 cm. long. Nagata, K.M. 3205 Maui BISH 1985-03-13
90 Hibiscus kokio Haupu Range, right hand side of Kipu Kai Gap Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 752 Kauai BISH 1916-11-03
91 Hibiscus kokio Haupu Range, Near Nauwiliwili Bay Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 702 Kauai BISH 1916-10-31
92 Hibiscus kokio Waimea Valley Audubon Center, Haleiwa Preserved_Specimen James, S.A. 363 Oahu BISH 2004-08-05
93 Hibiscus kokio Puu Ka Pele Preserved_Specimen Leaves very dark green & glossy (both sides). Flower Nopal red (Ridgeway, Pl. I). Petioles dark-green. Clay, H.F. Kauai BISH 1956-01-12
94 Hibiscus kokio Waimea Valley Audubon Center, Haleiwa Preserved_Specimen James, S.A. 359 Oahu BISH 2004-08-05
95 Hibiscus kokio W Maui, Mana Gulch above 10-mile pasture just mauka of the Forest Reserve line in the shallow gully Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1988 Maui BISH 1984-02-29
96 Hibiscus kokio Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 218 Oahu BISH 1864-01-01
97 Hibiscus kokio Haupu Range, left hand side of Kipu Kai Gap Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 752 Kauai BISH 1916-11-01
98 Hibiscus kokio Windward Haupu Preserved_Specimen Viney shrub, 3 m tall, long branched. Warshauer, F.R. 1185 Kauai BISH 1977-06-05
99 Hibiscus kokio Kahili Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 259 Kauai BISH 1909-08-11
100 Hibiscus kokio Wailau Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 552 Molokai BISH 1912-09-01
101 Hibiscus kokio Hii Mts. Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 643 Kauai BISH 1916-10-22
102 Hibiscus kokio Haupu Range, left hand side of Kipu Kai Gap Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 752 Kauai BISH 1916-11-01
103 Hibiscus kokio unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. BISH
104 Hibiscus kokio Wahiawa Mts., foot of Kahili on the swamp side Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 259 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
105 Hibiscus kokio Wahiawa Mts., foot of Kahili on the swamp side Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 259 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
106 Hibiscus kokio Wahiawa Mts., foot of Kahili on the swamp side Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 259 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
107 Hibiscus kokio unknown Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 725 BISH 1916-01-01
108 Hibiscus kokio Kahili Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 259 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
109 Hibiscus kokio Haupu Range, left hand side of Kipu Kai Gap Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 752 Kauai BISH 1916-11-01
110 Hibiscus kokio Honolulu; Kamehameha Girls School Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7123 Oahu BISH 1934-07-31
111 Hibiscus kokio Halawa, ridge S of the valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 472 Molokai BISH 1912-08-01
112 Hibiscus kokio Waimea Valley Audubon Center, Haleiwa Preserved_Specimen James, S.A. 357 Oahu BISH 2004-08-05
113 Hibiscus kokio Kauai Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 33 Kauai BISH 1975-06-01
114 Hibiscus kokio Waimea Valley Audubon Center, Haleiwa Preserved_Specimen James, S.A. 365 Oahu BISH 2004-08-05
115 Hibiscus kokio Wailau Trail Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 327 Molokai BISH 1912-08-01
116 Hibiscus kokio Maui Zoological & Botanical Gardens Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 14 Maui BISH 1978-07-03
117 Hibiscus kokio Koolau, Kawao, the ditch trail near intake Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 203 Oahu BISH 1922-08-15
118 Hibiscus kokio Honolulu; Kalihi Valley, Bishop Estate Nursery? Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. 37 Oahu BISH 1928-10-01
119 Hibiscus kokio Honolulu; Queen Lilioukalani Residence Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1916-01-01
120 Hibiscus kokio Koolau Mountain Range: Honolulu: 1420 Piikoi Street residence of E. L. Caum Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. Oahu BISH 1930-10-08
121 Hibiscus kokio Honolulu; Wilder's Garden Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH
122 Hibiscus kokio Cultivated in Hilo garden Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
123 Hibiscus kokio Honolulu: 1420 Piikoi Street residence of E. L. Caum Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. Oahu BISH 1930-10-08
124 Hibiscus kokio Honolulu; 2365 Oahu Avenue Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. Oahu BISH 1931-11-25
125 Hibiscus kokio Haupu Range Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH 1911-12-01
126 Hibiscus kokio [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; O`ahu; Hawai`i; Honolulu] Preserved_Specimen Wilder, G.P. Oahu BISH 1913-01-01
127 Hibiscus kokio unknown Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 725 BISH 1916-01-01
128 Hibiscus kokio Hanakapiai, near 3 mile marker, Kee to Kalalau trail, not far from where the trail enters Hoolulu Valley Openings in dryland forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs to 8 ft. tall. Many flowers have eyespots. Pop. 12 plants. Christensen, C. 33 Kauai BISH 1975-06-07
129 Hibiscus kokio Mapulehu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Molokai BISH
130 Hibiscus kokio Koolau Range, Kawailoa, Kawaiiki ditch trail Preserved_Specimen Chock, A.K. 244 Oahu BISH 1951-10-14
131 Hibiscus kokio Haupu Talus slope, among rocks. Preserved_Specimen Small tree 4 m tall. MacDaniels, L.H. 890 Kauai BISH 1927-02-26
132 Hibiscus kokio Honokowai ditch trail, W Maui Dark gulch - bottom near stream. Preserved_Specimen Twiggy shrub, 15 ft high, red fls. Degener, O. 25125 Maui BISH 1959-03-27
133 Hibiscus kokio Mt. Haupu, N side Kipu, below 1st range of vertical cliffs, next to bale of cliffs With Diospyros, Rauvolfia, Ochrosia. Preserved_Specimen Shrub to tree 15 ft. tall. Christensen, C. 336 Kauai BISH 1979-10-21
134 Hibiscus kokio Wailau Valley Thicket near stream. Preserved_Specimen Arching shrubs 6 m x 3 cm.; fls deep red, opening slightly. St.John, H. 23525 Molokai BISH 1948-12-27
135 Hibiscus kokio Wailau Valley Moist woods. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs 6-12 ft. high. St.John, H. 13230 Molokai BISH 1933-07-03
136 Hibiscus kokio Kawaiiki Ditch Trail, Kawailoa, Koolau Range Dry forests Preserved_Specimen Flowers red Shinohara, B. 52 Oahu BISH 1946-11-10
137 Hibiscus kokio W Maui, Honokowai Ditch Trail A large patch of old trees growing alongside the trail, a short way before the bottom. Preserved_Specimen Trees erect to leaning 10-20 ft tall, flowers pale red with full rounded petals as at Hanaula. Hobdy, R.W. 779 Maui BISH 1980-02-29
138 Hibiscus kokio East Maui, Hana District, Hana Forest Reserve, Hana Ranch lands, slopes makai and to the north of Puu Ki In a canopy opening of primarily Psidium cattleianum and scattered Spathodea campanulata, just off to the side of a pig hunter’s trail. Natives include occasional Metrosideros polymorpha, Cibotium glaucum, and infrequent Antidesma platyphylla, with twining Freycinetia arborea. Dicranopteris linearis a common groundcover fern clambering over the Hibiscus. Common groundcover aliens are Oplismenus hirtellus and Nephrolepis multiflora. Preserved_Specimen Two basally branching trees (6 ft and 10 ft tall) with straggly branches; sterile at this time. Imada, C. 200285 Maui BISH 2002-11-19
139 Hibiscus kokio Kealia Trail, Waianae Mountains Behind Dillingham Airfield, east of trail In Sapindus lowland mesic forest with Aleurites, Syzygium cumini, Canthium, Leucaena, Panicum maximum, Schinus, Plumbago, Bidens, Lipochaeta remyi, Schiedea kealiae Preserved_Specimen Two plants sprawling over are 6 x 6 m, with flower buds Perlman, S. 5841 Oahu BISH 1987-05-14
140 Hibiscus kokio Lihue District, Mt. Haupu, East along ridge from Waterhouse Monument and road to Kipu Kai. Along main ridge. Disturbed lowland windward Forest W/ Psydrax, Alyxia, Psidium cattleianum, Elephantopus mollis, Dianella lavarum, Spathoglottis plicata, Stachytarpheta, Schinus, Sida fallax, Syzygium cumini, Nephrolepis, Phmatosorus, Pluchea, Cycloso Preserved_Specimen Trunks branched from base 10-14 ft., whitish bark, cascading. Branch tips branched and procumbent, like up-turned hand. Flowers red, calyx yellow-green covered in stellate hairs. Leaves with scattered hairs below along venation, some on blade, single and stellate. Tangalin, N. 4520 Kauai BISH 2016-01-20
141 Hibiscus kokio Wailau Valley, tributary of Pulena Steam on south side. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Bobea, Syzygium, Psychotria, Alerites, Antidesma, Dicranopteris, Clidemia, Hedychium, Musa, Tibouchina, Cyclosorus, Cyperus. Preserved_Specimen At least 6 plants observed, emergent from dense Clidemia, often leaning on adjacent trees; flowers red. Oppenheimer, H.L. 71524 Molokai BISH 2015-07-16
142 Hibiscus kokio Upper Waipa Valley, 1/4 mile W of Waioli-Waipa Ridge Wet forest with Antidesma, Metrosideros, Cyanea, Psychotria. Preserved_Specimen Trees to 18ft x 4 1/2 in, petals red, column pale pink to white. Christensen, C. 66 Kauai BISH 1976-10-18
143 Hibiscus kokio Lihue District Mt. Haupu, N of finger, before and below summit. Above weedy gulch and just below basalt band. Disturbed lowland windward Forest Sida fallax, Pluchea, Cyclosorus dentatus, Pluchea carolinensis, Diospyros, Artimesia, Peperomia tetraphylla, Caesalpinia decapetala, Metrosideros, Euphorbia celastroides, Pisonia, Aleurites, Ficus, P Preserved_Specimen About 10 ft. tall, multi-branched, spindly, branches cascading, bark white. Branchlets upright, leaves light green. Young leaves scratchy both sides, older just below, glabrous above. Calyx light green, scratchy. Flowers red w/ orange tint, numerous, pollen yellow. Tangalin, N. 3397 Kauai BISH 2013-01-01
144 Hibiscus kokio Lihue District: Summit of Mt. Haupu, on the north face below summit. Metrosideros-Dicranopteris Shrubland w/ Diplopterygium pinnatum, Cibotium glaucum, Sadleria pallida, Bidens valida, Nephrolepis exaltata subsp. hawaiiensis, Sphenomeris chinensis, Kadua fluviatilis, K. acuminata, K. affinis, Psychotria Preserved_Specimen Large robust shrub. flowers bright red. Anthers yellow, filaments red, pollen yellow. Calyx yellow-green, calycle med-green. Hairs on outer calyx and hairs below leaf. Stima dark red. Leaves glossy light to dark green above, raised venation above and below. Tangalin, N. 4003 Kauai BISH 2014-12-19
145 Hibiscus kokio W Maui, Hanaula Ridge near head of Manawainui Gulch. 1/4 mi below forest reserve boundary Low forest of Metrosideros, Styphelia, Dicranopteris linearis. Preserved_Specimen Small tree 3-4 m x 10 cm, petals bright brilliant red. St.John, H. 26893 Maui BISH 1973-08-17
146 Hibiscus kokio Lihue District. Iliiliula Valley, along drainage below northern falls Metrosideros mixed wet forest with riparian vegetation Pisonia umbellifera, Antidesma platyphylla, Syzygium sandwicensis, Psychotria mariniana, P. mauiensis, P. wawrae, Melicope clusiifolia, Broussaisia arguta, Cyrtandra kealiae urceolata, C. longifolia, C Preserved_Specimen tree, 3 m tall, flowers red, ca. 30 trees in general area Wood, K.R. 15550 Kauai BISH 2013-06-27
147 Hibiscus kokio Kawaihapai; Waianae Range In shade of kukui. Preserved_Specimen Only one blossom seen, crimson and very beautiful. Lvs a dark glossy green, straggling bush 5-6ft high. Forbes, C.N. 1841 Oahu BISH 1903-02-14
148 Hibiscus kokio Boundary of Lihue & Kawaihau Districts; below the Blue Hole; Headwaters of N. fork of Wailua River, just N of Mt. Kawaikini, & SE of Mt. Waialeale. Above 1st major waterfall towards blue hole, 100 m above falls on stream bank Deep narrow valley surrounded by vertical cliffs laced with waterfalls. Low undisturbed wet forest of small, stunted trees & shrubs (Metrosideros, Bobea, Perrottetia, etc.) with ground cover of Pteridophytes, Gunnera, Cyrtandra & Cyanea, growing over saturated, rocky ground. Preserved_Specimen 3-4 m tall tree; in flower; corolla red; ca. 10 trees in area. Wood, K.R. 384 Kauai BISH 1990-07-02
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