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Cinchona pubescens

Vahl (1790)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Cinchona

quinine

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Trees usually 4–10 m tall.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades broadly elliptic–ovate or sometimes suborbicular, 10–20 cm long, 7–10.5 cm wide. Apex rounded. Base broadly to narrowly cuneate. Upper surfaces puberulent along veins; lower surfaces puberulent, sometimes primarily along veins, or glabrate. Margins entire. Pinnately veined, lateral veins usually 9–11 pairs. Petioles 1.5–4.5 cm long. Stipules ovate, caducous.

Flowers: Flowers numerous in terminal panicles with opposite branches up to 20 cm long or slightly longer. Flowers insect-pollinated, bisexual (perfect), often heterostylous. Calyx 5-toothed, ca. 1 mm long, densely appressed pubescent, the teeth deltate. Corolla pink (or red outside Hawai'i), salverform, 5-lobed, the lobes valvate in bud, appressed pubescent, the tube 10–12 mm long, the lobes ca. 4–5 mm long, villous within, nectary disk usually present. Stamens 5, alternate with the corolla lobes, slightly exserted or included; filaments distinct, short or elongate, usually inserted on the corolla tube or throat; anthers linear, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, 2–celled; ovules numerous; style short or elongate, 2–lobed, terminal, slender; stigmas lobed or capitate, dry or occasionally wet.

Fruit: Fruit capsules lanceoloid to oblong; 1–2 cm long; 2-grooved; septicidally dehiscent from base to apex. Seeds nuberous; ca. 2 mm long; with a broad ciliate wing; with well-developed oily endosperm; or endosperm occasionally scanty or absent.

Ploidy: 2n = 34; 40–44

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (51)

Cinchona caloptera Miq. (1869)
Cinchona chomeliana Wedd. (1848)
Cinchona colorata C.J.Laubert ex B.D.Jacks. (1893)
Cinchona cordifolia Mutis (1793)
Cinchona cordifolia var. macrocarpa Wedd. ex Howard (1866)
Cinchona cordifolia var. microcarpa Howard (1866)
Cinchona cordifolia var. peruviana Howard (1866)
Cinchona cordifolia var. rotundifolia (Pav. ex Lamb.) Wedd. (1849)
Cinchona cordifolia var. vera Wedd. (1849)
Cinchona coronulata Miq. (1861)
Cinchona decurrentifolia Pav. (1862)
Cinchona elliptica Wedd. (1869)
Cinchona goudotiana Klotzsch ex Triana (1938)
Cinchona govana Miq. (1861)
Cinchona howardiana Kuntze (1878)
Cinchona lechleriana Schltdl. (1855)
Cinchona lutea Pav. (1859)
Cinchona morado Ruiz (1792)
Cinchona obovata Pav. ex Howard (1862)
Cinchona ovata Ruiz & Pav. (1799)
Cinchona ovata var. rufinervis (Wedd.) Wedd. (1849)
Cinchona ovata var. vulgaris Wedd. (1849)
Cinchona palescens Vell. (1799)
Cinchona pallescens Ruiz ex Vitman (1802)
Cinchona pallescens var. ovata (Ruiz & Pav.) Howard (1866)
Cinchona pelalba Pav. ex DC. (1829)
Cinchona pelletieriana Wedd. (1848)
Cinchona platyphylla Wedd. (1869)
Cinchona pubescens var. cordata DC. (1830)
Cinchona pubescens var. ovata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. (1830)
Cinchona pubescens var. pelletieriana (Wedd.) Wedd. (1849)
Cinchona pubescens var. purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Wedd. (1849)
Cinchona purpurascens Wedd. (1848)
Cinchona purpurea Vell. (1799)
Cinchona rosulenta Howard ex Wedd. (1869)
Cinchona rotundifolia Pav. ex Lamb. (1821)
Cinchona rubicunda Tafalla ex Wedd. (1869)
Cinchona rufinervis Wedd. (1848)
Cinchona rugosa Pav. ex DC. (1830)
Cinchona subsessilis Miq. (1869)
Cinchona succirubra Pav. ex Klotzsch (1858)
Cinchona succirubra var. conglomerata Howard (1866)
Cinchona succirubra var. cuchicara Howard (1866)
Cinchona succirubra var. erythroderma Howard (1866)
Cinchona succirubra var. spruceana Howard (1866)
Cinchona succirubra var. vera Howard (1866)
Cinchona tucujensis H.Karst. (1859)
Quinquina obovata (Pav. ex Howard) Kuntze (1891)
Quinquina ovata (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze (1891)
Quinquina pubescens (Vahl) Kuntze (1891)
Quinquina succirubra (Pav. ex Klotzsch) Kuntze (1891)

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

O'ahu Potentially Naturalizing
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Wind
Forestry

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk. 1: 19 (1790)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1120 (EM, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:486 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cinchona pubescens East Maui Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Maui BISH
2 Cinchona pubescens East Maui Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8685 Maui BISH 1910-11-01
3 Cinchona pubescens S. Kona, Kaawaloa. Near new road on ancient 'aa' plow with heavy virgin forest Preserved_Specimen Bryan, L.W. Hawaii BISH 1952-03-17
4 Cinchona pubescens Mt Tantalus (Possibly) Preserved_Specimen Pearsall, G.A. Oahu BISH 1957-03-06
5 Cinchona pubescens East Maui, Makawao Forest Reserve Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 9712001 Maui BISH 1997-12-01
6 Cinchona pubescens On Mt. Tantalus on left side of hardroad running up to the TV towers about half-a-mile from top Growing with Tristania conferta, Cryptomeria japonica, Eugenia jambos, etc. in open woods. Preserved_Specimen Pearsall, G.A. 99 Oahu BISH 1957-03-06
7 Cinchona pubescens Ulupalakua, Makawao Preserved_Specimen 35-foot tree. Flowers lavender. Hosaka, E.Y. 2660 Maui BISH 1943-01-31
8 Cinchona pubescens Paeahu, Kula, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Trees: 30-50' tall. Petal: pink outside. Hosaka, E.Y. 1747 Maui BISH 1937-01-26
9 Cinchona pubescens Mt. Tantalus, 1/2 mi from top, in open woods Preserved_Specimen Pearsall, G.A. 99 Oahu BISH 1957-03-06
10 Cinchona pubescens Makawao District. Koolau Forest Reserve, Waiohiwi stream Degraded Metrosideros forest now Eucalyptus spp. and Chinchona pubescens With Cyanea maritae, Melicope molokaiensis, Chinchona pubscens, Cestrum nocturnum Preserved_Specimen Trees 7-10 meter ht with flowers and fruit Perlman, S. 22429 Maui BISH 2011-02-23
11 Cinchona pubescens S. Kona Dist. Kaawaloa AHU. Tr 60(112); W. slopes of Mauna Loa; 1.5km NW of Pawaina Wet Koa-'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a treefern, native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Tree: 15cm Dbh; 8m tall. Full sun. In flower & fruit: ca = grn; co = pink-wt outside, wt inside, lobes, pink inside throat. Jacobi, J.D. 1138 Hawaii BISH 1978-08-04
12 Cinchona pubescens East Maui, Koolau Forest Reserve W of Kailua gulch Naturalized and common in understorey of Koa / tree fern and Eucalyptus robusta forests, over 100 acres. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2734 Maui BISH 1987-03-03
13 Cinchona pubescens Near Forest Reserve Boundary, Olinda Preserved_Specimen Flws. pink. Degener, O. 22148 Maui BISH 1952-03-26
14 Cinchona pubescens Paeahu, Kula, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Trees: 30-50' tall. Petal: pink outside. Hosaka, E.Y. 1747 Maui BISH 1937-01-26
15 Cinchona pubescens East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Small tree 15' tall. Flowers with pink throats. Fagerlund, G.O. 1004 Maui BISH 1945-02-28
16 Cinchona pubescens East Maui, Koolau Forest Reserve west of Kailua gulch Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2735 Maui BISH 1987-03-03
17 Cinchona pubescens East Maui, Olinda area Preserved_Specimen Slender tree like shrub, 20 ft. high. Flowers: pink, tubular. Maehler, K.L. Maui BISH 1950-10-01
18 Cinchona pubescens Paeahu, Kula, Makawao Preserved_Specimen 30-50 ft. tall. Petal: pink outside. Hosaka, E.Y. 1747 Maui BISH 1937-01-26
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