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Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens

(Hillebr.) Carlquist & Bissing (1976)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Geraniales Family: Geraniaceae Genus: Geranium

hinahina, nohoanu

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Compact, erect, many-branched shrubs 3–10 dm tall.

Stems: Stems and branches reddish to black, covered with persistent stipules, densely leafy only toward apex.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblong–cuneate, (1.5–)2.5–5 cm long, (0.5–)0.7–1.2(–1.4) cm wide. Apex truncate to sometimes rounded. Surfaces densely silky strigose on both surfaces. Margins entire except apex 3-toothed. Usually 3–8-veined. Petioles 0.3–2 cm long. Stipules subulate, ca. 5–6 mm long, strigillose.

Flowers: Flowers 7–30 in compound cymes, forming large corymbose inflorescences that project beyond the leaves. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic; Pedicels 0.5–1.6(–2) cm long. Calyx of 5 sepals; sepals narrowly lanceolate, 5–9 mm long, densely silky strigose to sparsely villous or merely ciliate, apex mucronate. Petals white or cream, sometimes with purple veins and sometimes purple at base, narrowly obovate, 9–15 mm long. Stamens (5)10; filaments ± connate at base, those alternate with the petals longer than others and with basal glands, staminal filaments usually 9–12 mm long, glands pubescent; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior or nearly so, 5-celled, carpels connate around a central column to form a compound ovary with as many cells, fertile portion a lobed ring at base of stylar column, placentation axile; ovules 2 per cell, anatropous to campylotropous, usually pendulous; styles 3–5, 5–6 mm long at anthesis, elongating to 15–28 mm long in fruit, essentially beakless, sometimes narrowed below apex, branches filiform, reflexed; stigmas slender and dry, rarely capitate.

Fruit: Septicidal and elastically dehiscent capsules separating into as many segments as carpels; a portion of the style splitting off from remainder of stylar column and forming an awn that recurves upward from the persistent central column; usually remaining attached to apex; sometimes the awn also becomes spirally coiled; awn usually hygroscopic; carpel bodies ca. 2–4 mm long; sparsely to densely pubescent. Seeds 1 per cell; dark reddish brown; oblong–obovoid; ca. 1.7–1.9 mm long; the surface inconspicuously reticulate.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Alpine shrubland.

Elevation Range: 2,300–3,250 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Biotropica 8: 259 (1976)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:730 (EM); Aedo 2023:580 (DESCR, KEY)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens Haleakala, S of head of Halemauu trail dry scrub; with Vaccinium, Styphelia, Sophora Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 674 Maui BISH 1975-06-13
2 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Haleakala, 50 m E of Hosmer's Grove rocky ravine with Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 627 Maui BISH 1975-06-12
3 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens Hana FR, Kipahulu, NE Haleakala, Kalapawili Ridge wet ohia, native trees and shrubs, treeferns; edge of bog Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 9289 Maui BISH 1980-06-28
4 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Makawao District, Haleakala, end of Halemauu Trail above park headquarters with Styphelia, Dubautia, Sophora Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3720 Maui BISH 1969-06-24
5 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Haleakala, park road open rocky slopes Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3855 Maui BISH 1969-07-13
6 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens W Haleakala, below Kalahaku overlook with Sophora chrysophylla, Geranium tridens, Styphelia tameiameiae, Coprosma montana, Vaccinium, Dodonaea eriocarpa, Silene struthioloides, Tetramolopium humile Preserved_Specimen Iltis, H.H. 547 Maui BISH 1967-08-07
7 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens W Haleakala, below Kalahaku overlook with Sophora chrysophylla, Geranium tridens, Styphelia tameiameiae, Coprosma montana, Vaccinium, Dodonaea eriocarpa, Silene struthioloides, Tetramolopium humile Preserved_Specimen Iltis, H.H. 547 Maui BISH 1967-08-07
8 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens W Haleakala, below Kalahaku overlook with Sophora chrysophylla, Geranium tridens, Styphelia tameiameiae, Coprosma montana, Vaccinium, Dodonaea eriocarpa, Silene struthioloides, Tetramolopium humile Preserved_Specimen Iltis, H.H. 547 Maui BISH 1967-08-07
9 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens Head of Halemau Trail, Haleakala Nat. Park Grows profusely on grassy wet slope Preserved_Specimen Olson, G.E. 65 Maui BISH 1937-07-11
10 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens S of head of Halemauu Trail Dry sunland, dominants - Vaccinium, Styphelia, Sophora. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 685 Maui BISH 1975-06-13
11 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens W Haleakala, below Kalahaku overlook with Sophora chrysophylla, Geranium tridens, Styphelia tameiameiae, Coprosma montana, Vaccinium, Dodonaea eriocarpa, Silene struthioloides, Tetramolopium humile Preserved_Specimen Iltis, H.H. 547 Maui BISH 1967-08-07
12 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Makawao District, Haleakala, Halemauu Trail from Holua Cabin, near jct. with road with Styphelia tameiameiae, Vaccinium reticulatum, grasses, Metrosideros polymorpha Preserved_Specimen Carlquist, S. 1942 Maui BISH 1966-07-06
13 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens Haleakala Ranch land E of Hosmer's Grove ca. 500 ft below park fence Grow in deep soil that is cut by deep ravines, area is weedy Grasses, Sophora, Styphelia. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. 12 Maui BISH 1982-06-19
14 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Haleakala, Kalialinui, N of Pohakuokala with Sophora, Santalum, Styphelia Preserved_Specimen Webster, G.L. 13876 Maui BISH 1968-06-24
15 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens W Haleakala, below Kalahaku overlook with Sophora chrysophylla, Geranium tridens, Styphelia tameiameiae, Coprosma montana, Vaccinium, Dodonaea eriocarpa, Silene struthioloides, Tetramolopium humile Preserved_Specimen Iltis, H.H. 547 Maui BISH 1967-08-07
16 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Haleakala, between top of Halemauu trail and end of road at Puu Nianiau dry brush Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 9974 Maui BISH 1933-08-23
17 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Haleakala, 50 m E of Hosmer's Grove rocky ravine, with Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 617 Maui BISH 1975-06-12
18 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens W Haleakala, below Kalahaku overlook with Sophora chrysophylla, Geranium tridens, Styphelia tameiameiae, Coprosma montana, Vaccinium, Dodonaea eriocarpa, Silene struthioloides, Tetramolopium humile Preserved_Specimen Iltis, H.H. 547 Maui BISH 1967-08-07
19 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Haleakala, edge of Park subalpine scrub Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2125 Maui BISH 1984-07-12
20 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens S of Hosmer's Grove Disturbed, predominantly open scrub, (Sophora, Styphelia) - dominated, slope Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 664 Maui BISH 1975-06-12
21 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens Hana FR, NE Haleakala wet ohia, native trees and shrubs, treeferns; edge of bog Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 2891 Maui BISH 1980-07-26
22 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, gulley S of Puu Nianiau Trailing over edge of small cliff. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3794 Maui BISH 1995-04-29
23 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Makawao District, NW Haleakala, near end of Halemauu Trail at park road heath Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3848 Maui BISH 1969-07-13
24 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens Haleakala Ranch, E of Hosmer's Grove, near Haleakala National Park fence Open scrubland w/scattered Styphelia, Sophora, Santalum, planted pines, Dodonaea, introduced grasses and weeds. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. 12 Maui BISH 1910-06-20
25 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens Haleakala road dry slope with Sophora and Vaccinium Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. 104 Maui BISH 1955-12-24
26 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens Haleakala, S of Hosmer's Grove open scrub, slope, with Sophora and Styphelia Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 663 Maui BISH 1975-06-12
27 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Mt. Haleakala near highway with Styphelia, Vaccinium, Sophora, etc. Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 2326 Maui BISH 1972-07-25
28 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Gehring, P. 3008 Maui BISH 1966-06-26
29 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens Haleakala, S of Hosmer's Grove open scrub; with Sophora, Styphelia Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 657 Maui BISH 1975-06-12
30 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, W Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Hosmer, R.S. 50 Maui BISH 1909-04-26
31 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. 84 Maui BISH
32 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Makawao District, Halekala, above Ukulele Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 194 Maui BISH 1910-07-01
33 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Haleakala W slope, below HQ Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 6 Maui BISH 1982-06-16
34 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Haleakala W slope, below HQ Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 6 Maui BISH 1982-06-16
35 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Haleakala W slope, below HQ Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 6 Maui BISH 1982-06-16
36 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 429 Maui BISH 1864-01-01
37 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Haleakala, Puu Nianiau Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 16034 Maui BISH 1918-09-01
38 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens Kalialinui, Halemanu, trail to Ukulele Preserved_Specimen Judd, C.S. 56 Maui BISH 1922-09-20
39 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8562 Maui BISH 1910-09-01
40 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, mauka of Puu Niamani Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 781 Maui BISH 1928-02-28
41 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Haleakala W slope, below HQ Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 6 Maui BISH 1982-06-16
42 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8520 Maui BISH 1910-10-01
43 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Slopes of Haleakala, above Ukulele Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 181 Maui BISH 1910-07-01
44 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Makawao District, Haleakala, E of Ukulele (Camp 1) Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 848 Maui BISH 1919-07-19
45 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens Haleakala Park Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3848 Maui BISH 1969-07-12
46 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Maui BISH
47 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens Halemaumau Trail: top of trail Preserved_Specimen Funk, L. Maui BISH 1982-06-14
48 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Obata, J.K. Maui BISH 1976-08-23
49 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Brigham, W.T. Maui BISH 1909-06-01
50 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, N Haleakala, Puu Nianiau Preserved_Specimen Judd Jr., A.F. Maui BISH 1935-12-14
51 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Maui BISH 1957-09-01
52 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens unknown Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. BISH 1864-01-01
53 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 27039 Maui BISH 1953-02-22
54 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Alexander, A.M. 5291 Maui BISH 1947-04-01
55 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Cooke, D. Maui BISH 1929-09-21
56 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Brigham, W.T. Maui BISH 1900-01-01
57 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Maui BISH 1911-05-01
58 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Arneman, G.F. Maui BISH 1951-01-01
59 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Maui BISH
60 Geranium cuneatum subsp. tridens East Maui, Haleakala crater Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 283 Maui BISH 1910-08-01
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