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Rhynchospora caduca

Elliott (1816)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: Rhynchospora

anglestem beaksedge, beak rush

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennials with short–creeping rhizomes.

Stems: Culms loosely to moderately densely tufted, 60–120 cm tall, 1.8–3 mm in diameter near base, 3–4–nodose below the inflorescence, trigonous, smooth.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Leaves basal, a few cauline and well-spaced. Blades herbaceous, linear, shorter than the culm, 3–6 mm wide. Margins entire. Sheathing; sheaths 2–5 cm long, the cauline ones green, the basal ones reddish brown or yellowish brown. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences of 4–5 well-spaced, anthelate partial panicles, these decompound,2–7 cm long, 1.5–3 cm wide, moderately dense, the peduncles exserted, branches numerous, l–3 cm long, once or twice further branched, each bearing 3–5 spikelets, the lowest 2 leaf-like bracts longer than the subtending partial panicle, the upper bracts as long as or shorter than the subtending partial panicle; spikelets brown, solitary or in clusters of 2–3, subsessile, ovate, 3.5–4.5 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, subterete; glumes 6–8, the middle 3–6 flower–bearing, 2–4 of them perfect, brown to rusty brown, ovate to broadly so, acute, membranous, margins hyaline, the slender and conspicuous midnerve prolonged into a straight mucro or short awn, the flower bearing glumes 2.8–3.7 mm long, 2–3 mm wide. Flowers all bisexual (perfect) or sometimes distalmost staminate. Perianth bristles 6, longer than the achene (incl. the style base). Corolla (petals) absent. Ovary superior; styles base deltoid, 0.6–0.8 mm high and wide, ciliate.

Fruit: Achenes broadly obovate; lenticular; 1–1.6 mm long; 1–1.4 mm wide; transversely undulate–rugose and cancellate with longitudinally oblong cells. Seeds 1; seed coat thin; free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Sparingly naturalized in wet; disturbed areas.

Elevation Range: 320–1,400 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Other Animals

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 62 (1816)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1428 (M, H); Wagner & Herbst 1995:18 (K); Wagner et al. 1997:56 (O); Wysong et al. 2007:4 (Mo)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Rhynchospora caduca Kipahulu Valley, lower valley Mostly disturbed Acacia koa forest. Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 464 Maui BISH 1983-06-12
2 Rhynchospora caduca Waikamoi Flume, road's end Preserved_Specimen Gagné, B.H. Maui BISH 1999-07-16
3 Rhynchospora caduca Along Kuhiwa Road Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2915 Maui BISH 1987-07-28
4 Rhynchospora caduca Smith Camp; Kaumakani (mid slopes) Preserved_Specimen Gagné, B.H. 3045 Maui BISH 1991-04-16
5 Rhynchospora caduca East Maui. Lower shelf of Kipahulu Valley below Delta Camp in bogs Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. Maui BISH 1992-06-03
6 Rhynchospora caduca Wailuku Riover, end of Wailuku River Trail Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1978-04-03
7 Rhynchospora caduca Lower Kipahulu Valley Preserved_Specimen Yoshinaga, A.Y. Maui BISH 1979-09-01
8 Rhynchospora caduca Schofield Barracks East range, military Landing Zone named Upper 72 Open, disturbed habitat surrounded by mesicmixed native/non-native forest. Preserved_Specimen Upright herb. Beachy, J. 2013120504 Oahu BISH 2013-12-05
9 Rhynchospora caduca Lower Kipahulu Valley, area between upper pasture & gauging station on Palakea Stream, for resources Basic Invetory Preserved_Specimen Gagné, B.H. Maui BISH 1975-03-01
10 Rhynchospora caduca East Maui, Kipahulu, Waimoku Falls Base of damp cliff face. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1392 Maui BISH 1982-05-15
11 Rhynchospora caduca Kau Forest Reserve, Mt. House Trail Common along roadside. Wet w/ tree ferns, Metrosideros, Tibouchina Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 207 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-04
12 Rhynchospora caduca Schofield Barracks East range, at Upper 72 Landing zone Weedy, open area cleared for Landing zone operations, surrounding area is mesic mixed native/non-native forest. Preserved_Specimen Caespitose clump forming sedge, robust base with well developed root system. Plant appeared to have recently been moed or cut. Blades green. Beachy, J. 277 Oahu BISH 2012-03-15
13 Rhynchospora caduca Kahana Valley In grassy clearing. Preserved_Specimen Clumped herb. Takeuchi, W.N. 8516 Oahu BISH 1992-09-01
14 Rhynchospora caduca Site 25 OS; Piihonua; Hilo Forest Reserve Stunted `ohi`a wetland dieback. Assoc. spp.: Metrosideros polymorpha, Acacia koa on well drained hummocks, Ilex anomala, Myrsine lessertiana, Cheirodendron trigynum, Pelea spp., Vaccinium calycinum. Soil moderately deep but poorly drained. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1979-07-03
15 Rhynchospora caduca East Maui, Kipahulu, Waimoku Falls Base of damp cliff face. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1390 Maui BISH 1982-05-15
16 Rhynchospora caduca Manoa Middle Ridge, 450 m elevation Edge of trail, sunny, moist area Preserved_Specimen Uncommon Faccenda, K. 2216 Oahu BISH 2022-01-29
17 Rhynchospora caduca Waahila Ridge, St. Louis Heights Dr., Oahu, Hawaii Growing scattered along side the trail to the summit. Preserved_Specimen Sparse clumps, long inflorescences, green leaves about 1/3 as long as inflorescence. Crago, L.M. 2005135 Oahu BISH 2005-05-16
18 Rhynchospora caduca Kaumana, Nakamura Dairy wet pasture Preserved_Specimen Shinbara, B. 110 Hawaii BISH 1972-01-10
19 Rhynchospora caduca Puna Dist.; Volcano Village dump. Reserve Disturbed area. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5981 Hawaii BISH 1988-03-13
20 Rhynchospora caduca East Maui, Kipahulu, Waimoku Falls Base of damp cliff face. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1393 Maui BISH 1982-05-15
21 Rhynchospora caduca Kahana Valley In grassy clearing. Preserved_Specimen Clumped herb. Takeuchi, W.N. 8516 Oahu BISH 1992-09-01
22 Rhynchospora caduca East Maui, Waihee Ridge Trail Mesic, wet forest. Associated vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha. Preserved_Specimen Erect perennial, 1m ht. Starr, F. 209251 Maui BISH 2002-09-25
23 Rhynchospora caduca Koolau Mountains, Peahinaia summit LZ Growing in open grassy habitat on an LZ, with Axonopus fissifolius, Juncus planifolius, Paspalum conjugatum, Metrosideros polymorpha, Cheirodendron trigynum, C. platyphyllum, Dubautia laxa. Just a few plants. Also noted on a nearby LZ at Peahinaia Cabin. Haven't seen this at the summit before. Preserved_Specimen Sedge ca 22 inches high (with inflorescence). Beachy, J. 58 Oahu BISH 2008-05-15
24 Rhynchospora caduca East Maui, Hana District, Kipahulu Valley, lower dogleg Growing in standing water. Mesic to wet koa forest w/understory of Perrottetia sandwicensis, Psychotria hawaiiensis, Broussaisia arguta, Hedyotis acuminata. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5902 Maui BISH 1988-03-09
25 Rhynchospora caduca W Maui, Mailepai Ridge In wet ground along road ruts. Preserved_Specimen Foliage bright pale green, shiny. Hobdy, R.W. 1916 Maui BISH 1984-01-14
26 Rhynchospora caduca East Maui, Hana District, Hana Forest Reserve, Hana Ranch, directly mauka of Hana Town Open pasture area with Cladium & numerous introduced grasses. Pasture areas & secondary forest dominated by Metrosideros, Psidium, Ardisia & Cibotium. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2459 Maui BISH 1987-10-16
27 Rhynchospora caduca ca 4 miles below Kulani Prison site, ca. 100 yds off Kulani Prison Road Growing on exposed, bulldozed area along road. Wet. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 372 Hawaii BISH 1967-03-26
28 Rhynchospora caduca Lower Kipahulu Valley In muddy pasture. Preserved_Specimen Canfield, J.E. 795 Maui BISH 1980-07-20
29 Rhynchospora caduca East Maui, Kipahulu, Waimoku Falls Base of damp cliff face. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1394 Maui BISH 1982-05-15
30 Rhynchospora caduca Kipapa Trail, ~2/3 mi from refuge boundary, middle of trail Metrosideros, Acacia, Dicranopteris; wet lowland forest Preserved_Specimen ~35 cm sedge; immature fruit Reynolds, L.S. 106 Oahu BISH 2006-06-07
31 Rhynchospora caduca East Maui, Kipahulu, Waimoku Falls Base of damp cliff face. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1391 Maui BISH 1982-05-15
32 Rhynchospora caduca Kulani Prison Road, Puna along sunny rd through 1800 ft elevation, rainforest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 36151 Hawaii BISH 1984-02-11
33 Rhynchospora caduca Kipapa. Ahupuaa of Waipio. Central Koolau mountains. Growing in muddy section of trail near weatherport with Juncus planifolius, Andropogon virginicus, Fimbrystylis dichotoma, Metrosideros polymorpha, Sadleria pallida, and others. Preserved_Specimen Tall, lanky sedge about 1 m tall. Thomas, M.K. 885 Oahu BISH 2024-10-24
34 Rhynchospora caduca East Maui, Hana District, Hana Forest Reserve, Hana Ranch lands, muddy wetland W of Kaihuakala Open disturbed grassland/sedgeland dominated by Paspalum conjugatum, P. urvillei, and Sacciolepis indica, with Cyperus polystachyos, Tibouchina herbacea, Kyllinga brevifolia, Ageratina adenophora. Preserved_Specimen Occasional sedge. Imada, C. 200259 Maui BISH 2002-11-04
35 Rhynchospora caduca Waahila ridge, Southeastern Koolau mountains Growing on side of trail in mostly native mesic/wet forest dominated by Metrosideros polymorphs, Dicranopteris linearis, Diplopterygium pinnatum, Cibotium spp., Sadleria pallida, Kadua affinis, Scaevola gaudichaudiana, and others. Preserved_Specimen Tall sedge about 2 m tall with leafy portions between the inflorescense heads. Growing exclusively trailside. Thomas, M.K. 194 Oahu BISH 2021-11-20
36 Rhynchospora caduca Olaa Back Road, Upper Oola Forest Reserve Common in deep tangled grass & shrubs on weathered lava. Preserved_Specimen Small tufts, stems strongly ascending, arching towards top. Fosberg, F.R. 51729 Hawaii BISH 1996-12-09
37 Rhynchospora caduca Stainback Highway: half-way between Ohia and Eleven mild Homestead. [see comments.] Metrosideros-Dicranopt. - Machaerhina area. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 380 Hawaii BISH 1967-03-26
38 Rhynchospora caduca Kaumana Substation; 1881 Lava Flow Disturbed vegetation, open Metrosideros w/understory of introduced shrubs & Dicranopteris. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4639 Hawaii BISH 1982-11-16
39 Rhynchospora caduca Large bog mauka of Kilauea town In bog. Preserved_Specimen Leaves pale yellow-green; infl. bracts dull brown; stems pale greenish-brown. Hume, L. 332 Kauai BISH 1988-04-10
40 Rhynchospora caduca Windward Koolau Mountains, Waihee Valley Growing alongside dirt road leading up into the valley. Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. 200702 Oahu BISH 2007-03-01
41 Rhynchospora caduca Piihonua, Hilo Forest Reserve, site 23 OS Stunted ohia wetland dieback. Assoc. w/Metrosideros polymorpha, Ilex anomala, Myrsine lessertiana, M. sandwicensis; Cheirodendron trigynum & Melicope clusiifolia. Soil a moderately deep yet poorly drained organic ash on a pahoehoe flow. Water at or near surface in most places. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1978-09-27
42 Rhynchospora caduca Piihonua, Hilo Forest Reserve, site 09 OS `Ohi`a wetland dieback. Primary vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha, Acacia koa, Cheirodendron trigynum, Myrsine lessertiana, Ilex anomala & Coprosma spp. Soil a shallow poorly drained organic found on a pahoehoe flow. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1979-06-06
43 Rhynchospora caduca Stainback Hwy., ~10 mi above jct with Volcano Hwy. open, wet, disturbed Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 4068 Hawaii BISH 1974-08-13
44 Rhynchospora caduca East Maui, along Waikamoi Flume Wet ohia rain forest. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4790 Maui BISH 1983-01-15
45 Rhynchospora caduca East Maui, Hana Highway near Kapaula Weed on road shoulder. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1767 Maui BISH 1983-05-30
46 Rhynchospora caduca W Maui, Keahikauo Bog, Eke Trail Bog Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 946 Maui BISH 1980-10-22
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