Lepidium africanum

(Burm.f.) DC. (1821)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Brassicales Family: Brassicaceae Genus: Lepidium

peppergrass, pepperwort

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennial herbs, pubescent with simple hairs.

Stems: Stems erect, (2–)3–5 dm long, branched, the branches usually ascending, finely puberulent, glabrate with age.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate or rarely opposite, variable, cauline ones in fascicles. Blades linear–lanceolate, 1–4 cm long. Margins pinnately lobed, serrate or entire. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers usually bractless in elongate racemes usually 4–10 cm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic or rarely slightly irregular; white, pale yellow, or greenish, usually 2–3 mm long, sometimes absent. Calyx of 4 sepals, deciduous, erect, usually oblong, sometimes the inner 2 with gibbous bases that hold the nectar; ca. 0.7–0.8 mm long, caducous. Petals vestigial or absent. Stamens 2; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2(4?)-carpellate, usually 2-celled by means of a false, but usually complete septum, rarely 1-celled, sessile or rarely stipitate; ovules 1 to numerous, borne on parietal placentas on replum margin at periphery of ovary wall, campylotropous or occasionally anatropous; styles short or essentially absent; stigma capitate.

Fruit: Capsules divided into 2 cells by the usually thin and membranous septum; elongate (at least 3 times as long as wide) and referred to as a silique; flattened at right angles to the septum; broadly oblong–elliptic; 2.5–5 mm long; distinctly longer than wide; the apical notch shallow; the margins scarcely exceeding the short style. Seeds 1 to numerous; often becoming mucilaginous when wet; endosperm essentially absent; ca. 1.5 mm long.

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Wind

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Syst. Nat. 2: 552 (1821)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:407 (H [as L. hyssopifolium]); Wagner & Herbst 1995:17 (H, L. hyssopifolium misapplied = L. africanum); Oppenheimer 2003:8 (EM, WM); Wood 2006:16 (K); Frohlich & Lau 2010:6 (O)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Lepidium africanum Puuwaawaa, near the SE corner of the 1986 burn Dry montane forest UNKNOWN . Coordinates do not match to country in source data. Not found a country in reverser geocoding. Bioversity International C. R. Annable Hawaii HAPI 1/19/1998
2 Lepidium africanum By old facilities, i.e., stone cabins below Mid Level facilities (outside of study area). Hale Pohaku, Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Char, W.P. 85.019 Hawaii BISH 1985-05-27
3 Lepidium africanum Kuaokala, upper Manini Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2433 Oahu BISH 1985-09-01
4 Lepidium africanum Mauna Kea (Puu Laau Road) Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5321 Hawaii BISH 1975-05-21
5 Lepidium africanum West Maui, Hahakea growing on old plantation road. Preserved_Specimen Inflorescences up to 25 cm long, narrow, tapering. Plants to 20 inches tall, 24 in. wide. Multiple branched above bawe, branches are branched and ascendent. Leaves serrate, stems glabrous, slicles oblong oval. Hobdy, R.W. 4290 Maui BISH 2008-05-07
6 Lepidium africanum Puu Laau Road, just above Saddle Road Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. Hawaii BISH 1985-06-25
7 Lepidium africanum Central Oahu Regional Park (Waipio/Waikele) undeveloped, distrubed area bordering Central Oahu Regional Park Preserved_Specimen hunderds of mature plants forming dense stands in places Daehler, C. 1112 Oahu BISH 2005-05-31
8 Lepidium africanum Waikoloa. In lava fields adjacent to Hyatt Waikoloa Golf Course near petroglyph field. Preserved_Specimen Uncommon. Nagata, K.M. 4083 Hawaii BISH 1990-03-27
9 Lepidium africanum Puuwaawaa, near the SE corner of the 1986 burn Common among closely cropped grass or in patches of bare `a`a. Open rangeland with native canopy relicts. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 5790 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
10 Lepidium africanum Central Oahu Regional Park (Waipio/Waikele) dozens of fruiting plants observed in a disturbed area, around large piles of dirt created by heavy machinery during construction of the Central Oahu Regional Park Preserved_Specimen annuals or perennials <50 cm tall with inflorescences up to 20 cm long; many cauline leaves are fasicled; style equal to or exceeding the apical notch on silicles Daehler, C. 1054 Oahu BISH 2003-05-18
11 Lepidium africanum Above Puu Kawaiwai, Kohala Locally common on dry weedy slope with scattered small trees Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 42132 Hawaii BISH 1961-09-10
12 Lepidium africanum W Maui, Lahaina District, Honokahua, on ridge betw Honokahua & Mokupea Gulch, near golf course Growing in waste area. Preserved_Specimen Petals absent. Oppenheimer, H.L. 30124 Maui BISH 2001-03-17
13 Lepidium africanum Hamakua; Kaohe Game Management Area G; W slope of Mauna Kea dry montane forest Preserved_Specimen perennial herb to 1 m Annable, C.R. 3768 Hawaii BISH 1998-01-19
14 Lepidium africanum Schofield Barracks, quarry near Kolekole Pass Growing among Panicum maximum, Acacia confusa, Grevillea robusta, Leucaena leucocephala and a variety of mixed weedy pioneer species. Preserved_Specimen Somewhat woody erect shrub about 40-100 cm tall, leaves toothed, tiny white flowers in long inflorescences and 2-lobed, light brown fruit. Beachy, J. 91 Oahu BISH 2008-05-06
15 Lepidium africanum Mauna Kea (Puu Laau Road) In open mamane-naio forest. Preserved_Specimen Engilis Jr., A. 34 Hawaii BISH 1987-08-19
16 Lepidium africanum East Maui, Makawao District, Kaonoulu, On Waipoli Rd Roadside. Preserved_Specimen Weed. Petals absent. Oppenheimer, H.L. 50125 Maui BISH 2001-05-20
17 Lepidium africanum West Maui, Halepohaku Ridge, Koai Peak. Open windswept ridge. Preserved_Specimen Duvall, F. 3276 Maui BISH 1991-01-10
18 Lepidium africanum Puuwaawaa; open rangeland with native canopy relicts. Near the SE corner of the 1986 burn Common among closely cropped grass or in patches of bare a'a Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 5790 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
19 Lepidium africanum Kunia Rd, about 3 km N of the H1 Dry, sunny roadside Preserved_Specimen Uncommon, heavily branched, about 20 plants Faccenda, K. 3012 Oahu BISH 2023-01-18
20 Lepidium africanum Kipuka Kalawamauna below Pohakuloa Preserved_Specimen Much-branched tangled herb Fosberg, F.R. 60626 Hawaii BISH 1980-09-10
21 Lepidium africanum Pohakuloa Training Area; gulch N of Puu Maau. Saddle Road Realingnment Project Upper slopes of gulch among scattered bunches of grass with occasional Dodonaea & mamane plants. Preserved_Specimen Nishida, G.M. Hawaii BISH 1996-09-06