Oenothera biennis

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Myrtales Family: Onagraceae Genus: Oenothera

common evening promrose, primrose

Naturalized

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form:

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves:

Flowers:

Fruit:

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (128)

Brunyera biennis Bubani (1899)

Oenothera beckeri Renner (1942)

Oenothera biennis f. leptomeres (Bartlett) P.D.Sell (2009)

Oenothera biennis f. muricata (L.) H.Lév. ex Thell. (1912)

Oenothera biennis f. nanella De Vries (1913)

Oenothera biennis subf. latifolia (Asch.) Thell. (1912)

Oenothera biennis subsp. biennis Thell. (1912)

Oenothera biennis subsp. caeciarum Munz (1965)

Oenothera biennis subsp. centralis Munz (1965)

Oenothera biennis subsp. chicaginensis (de Vries ex Renner & Cleland) Á.Löve & D.Löve (1961)

Oenothera biennis subsp. grandiflora Stomps (1948)

Oenothera biennis subsp. rubricaulis (Kleb.) Stomps (1948)

Oenothera biennis subsp. suaveolens (Pers.) Rouy & E.G.Camus (1901)

Oenothera biennis var. alba Alef. (1866)

Oenothera biennis var. angustifolia Renner (1956)

Oenothera biennis var. cantabrigiana B.M.Davis (1957)

Oenothera biennis var. leptomeres Bartlett (1914)

Oenothera biennis var. lutea Alef. (1866)

Oenothera biennis var. muricata (L.) Torr. & A.Gray (1840)

Oenothera biennis var. parviflora Abrom. (1898)

Oenothera biennis var. pycnocarpa (G.F.Atk. & Bartlett) Wiegand (1924)

Oenothera biennis var. rubricaulis (Farw.) Farw. (1923)

Oenothera biennis var. sulphurea De Vries ex Bartlett (1913)

Oenothera biennis var. vulgaris Torr. & A.Gray (1840)

Oenothera brevicapsula Bartlett (1914)

Oenothera brevispicata Hudziok (1968)

Oenothera cambrica Rostanski (1977)

Oenothera cambrica var. impunctata Rostanski (1977)

Oenothera carinthiaca Rostanski (1977)

Oenothera casimiri Rostanski (2004)

Oenothera chicaginensis De Vries ex Renner & Cleland (1933)

Oenothera chicaginensis var. bartlettii Soldano (1993)

Oenothera chicaginensis var. minutiflora Rostanski & V.Jehlik (1979)

Oenothera chicaginensis var. parviflora Renner (1956)

Oenothera chicagoensis Renner ex R.E.Cleland & Blakeslee (1930)

Oenothera communis H.Lév. (1904)

Oenothera communis f. canescens H.Lév. (1910)

Oenothera communis f. suaveolens (Pers.) H.Lév. (1910)

Oenothera communis proles biennis (L.) H.Lév. (1910)

Oenothera compacta Hudziok (1968)

Oenothera editicaulis Hudziok (1968)

Oenothera ersteinensis H.P.Linder & Jean (1970)

Oenothera flaemingina Hudziok (1968)

Oenothera furca Boedijn (1924)

Oenothera gauroides Hornem. (1813)

Oenothera gauroides var. brevicapsula (Bartlett) R.R.Gates (1957)

Oenothera glabra Mill. (1768)

Oenothera grandiflora var. tracyi (Bartlett) R.R.Gates (1957)

Oenothera grandifolia R.R.Gates (1936)

Oenothera graveolens Gilib. (1782)

Oenothera hirtella De Vries (1903)

Oenothera inconspecta Hudziok (1968)

Oenothera indivisa Hudziok (1968)

Oenothera jueterbogensis Hudziok (1968)

Oenothera jueterbogensis var. macrosperma Hudziok (1964)

Oenothera latipetala (Soldano) Soldano (2010)

Oenothera macrosperma (Hudziok) Hudziok (1965)

Oenothera marinellae Soldano (1983)

Oenothera media Link (1821)

Oenothera mediomarchica Hudziok (1968)

Oenothera muricata L. (1767)

Oenothera muricata var. latifolia Asch. (1860)

Oenothera muricata var. rhodoneura Renner (1937)

Oenothera muricata var. rubricaulis Farw. (1923)

Oenothera nissensis Rostanski (1965)

Oenothera nissensis var. fiedleri Gutte & Rostanski (1981)

Oenothera novae-scotiae var. serratifolia R.R.Gates (1936)

Oenothera nuda Renner ex Rostanski (2009)

Oenothera numismatica Bartlett (1914)

Oenothera obscurifolia Hudziok (1968)

Oenothera octolineata Hudziok (1968)

Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok (1968)

Oenothera paralamarckiana R.R.Gates (1936)

Oenothera parviflora var. muricata (L.) Farw. (1923)

Oenothera pedemontana Soldano (1983)

Oenothera pellegrinii Soldano (1983)

Oenothera pratincola Bartlett (1914)

Oenothera pratincola f. typica Bartlett (1915)

Oenothera pratincola var. numismatica (Bartlett) R.R.Gates (1957)

Oenothera pubescens Nees (1841)

Oenothera punctulata Rostanski & Gutte (1971)

Oenothera purpurata Kleb. (1925)

Oenothera pycnocarpa G.F.Atk. & Bartlett (1913)

Oenothera pycnocarpa var. cleistogama R.R.Gates (1936)

Oenothera pycnocarpa var. parviflora R.R.Gates (1936)

Oenothera pyramidiflora Hudziok (1968)

Oenothera renneri H.Scholz (1956)

Oenothera reynoldsii Bartlett (1914)

Oenothera reynoldsii f. semialta Bartlett (1915)

Oenothera reynoldsii f. typica Bartlett (1915)

Oenothera rostanskii V.Jehlík (1985)

Oenothera royfraseri R.R.Gates (1936)

Oenothera rubiella De Vries (1903)

Oenothera rubiennis De Vries (1903)

Oenothera rubricaulis Kleb. (1914)

Oenothera rubricaulis var. dentifolia V.Jehlík & Rostanski (1979)

Oenothera rubricaulis var. longistylis Gutte & Rostanski (1981)

Oenothera rubricauloides Rostanski (2007)

Oenothera ruderalis Bartlett (1914)

Oenothera sabulosa Farw. (1930)

Oenothera sackvillensis R.R.Gates (1936)

Oenothera sackvillensis var. albiviridis R.R.Gates (1936)

Oenothera sackvillensis var. royfraseri (R.R.Gates) R.R.Gates (1957)

Oenothera salicastrum De Vries (1913)

Oenothera sesitensis Soldano (1980)

Oenothera shulliana A.H.Sturtev. (1931)

Oenothera stenomeres Bartlett (1914)

Oenothera stenomeres f. typica Bartlett (1915)

Oenothera stucchii Soldano (1980)

Oenothera suaveolens Pers. (1804)

Oenothera suaveolens var. latipetala Soldano (1981)

Oenothera tacikii Rostanski (1965)

Oenothera tracyi Bartlett (1911)

Oenothera turoviensis Rostanski (1965)

Oenothera victorinii R.R.Gates & Catches. (1933)

Oenothera victorinii f. rostanskii (V.Jehlík) V.Jehlík & Rostanski (1995)

Oenothera victorinii var. intermedia R.R.Gates (1936)

Oenothera victorinii var. parviflora R.R.Gates (1936)

Oenothera victorinii var. undulata R.R.Gates (1936)

Oenothera wratislaviensis Rostanski (2007)

Onagra biennis (L.) Scop. (1771)

Onagra chrysantha var. latifolia Spach (1836)

Onagra europaea Spach (1835)

Onagra media (Link) Spach (1835)

Onagra muricata (L.) Moench (1794)

Onagra vulgaris Spach (1835)

Onosuris acuminata Raf. (1817)

Pseudo-oenothera virginiana Rupr. (1860)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Maui Naturalized

Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Pollinators

Specimens

Conservation Status

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 346 (1753)

Other References

Starr et al. 2008:47 (NEWNAT/EM, DESCR); Pratt & Bio 2012:77 (H)

Occurrences

SNo.	Scientific Name	Scientific Name Authorship	Locality	Habitat	Basis of Record	Recorded By	Record Number	Island	Source	Date
1	Oenothera biennis	L.	east maui, crater rd, side of rd.	Roadside, residential. Scattered.	PRESERVED_SPECIMEN	starr, f. starr, k.	collector number: 050615-1	Maui	BISH	6/15/2005
2	Oenothera biennis	L.	Volcano Golf Course Subdivision adjacent to Hawaii ?Volcaoes Nat'l Park, Pukeawe Circle, Ka'u District.	Disturbed area on side of road, patch has bersisted in place for more than 3 years.	PRESERVED_SPECIMEN	Pratt, L.W.	3756	Hawaii	BISH	11/5/2011
3	Oenothera biennis	L.	volcano golf course subdivision adjacent to hawaii ?volcaoes nat'l park, pukeawe circle, ka'u district.		PRESERVED_SPECIMEN	pratt, l.w. pratt, t.k.	collector number: 3756	Hawaii	BISH	11/5/2011
4	Oenothera biennis	L.	volcano golf course subdivision adjacent to hawaii ?volcaoes nat'l park, pukeawe circle, ka'u district.	Disturbed area on side of road, patch has bersisted in place for more than 3 years.	PRESERVED_SPECIMEN	pratt, l.w. pratt, t.k.	collector number: 3756	Hawaii	BISH	11/5/2011
5	Oenothera biennis	L.	Slopes of Haleakala, 0.5 miles up Crater road from junction with upper Kula Hwy.		PRESERVED_SPECIMEN	W. L. Wagner	7046A	Maui	PTBG	6/21/2005
6	Oenothera biennis	L.	Slopes of Haleakala, 0.5 miles up Crater road from junction with upper Kula Hwy.	Roadside.	PRESERVED_SPECIMEN	Wagner, W. L.	7046A	Kauai	US	6/21/2005
7	Oenothera biennis	L.	slopes of haleakala, 0.5 miles up crater road from junction with upper kula hwy.	Roadside.	PRESERVED_SPECIMEN	w. l. wagner	7046a	Kauai	US	6/21/2005
8	Oenothera biennis	L.	slopes of haleakala, 0.5 miles up crater road from junction with upper kula hwy.		PRESERVED_SPECIMEN	w. l wagner	7046a	Kauai	US	6/21/2005
9	Oenothera biennis	L.	slopes of haleakala, 0.5 miles up crater road from junction with upper kula hwy.	Roadside weed, about 30 individuals in all class sizes in area 300 m.	PRESERVED_SPECIMEN	wagner, w.l.	collector number: 7046a	Maui	BISH	6/21/2005
10	Oenothera biennis	L.	Slopes of Haleakala, 0.5 miles up Crater road from junction with upper Kula Hwy.	Roadside weed, about 30 individuals in all class sizes in area 300 m.	PRESERVED_SPECIMEN	Wagner, W.L.	7046A	Maui	BISH	6/21/2005
11	Oenothera biennis	L.	east maui, crater rd, side of rd.		PRESERVED_SPECIMEN	starr, f. starr, k.	collector number: 050615-1	Oahu	BISH	6/15/2005
12	Oenothera biennis	L.	East Maui, Crater Rd, side of rd.	Roadside, residential. Scattered.	PRESERVED_SPECIMEN	Starr, F.	050615-1	Maui	BISH	6/15/2005

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