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Salvia occidentalis

Sw. (1788)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Salvia

West Indian sage

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Annual or perennial herbs, often somewhat woody at base.

Stems: Stems decumbent, sometimes ascending, or occasionally subscandent, usually 3–10 dm long, densely soft short–villous, becoming glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades broadly ovate to rhombic–ovate or occasionally ovate–deltate, 1–6 cm long, 1–3 cm wide. Apex acute to obtuse. Base broadly cuneate or occasionally truncate. Upper surfaces sparsely scabrid to glabrous; lower surfaces sparsely puberulent to glabrate. Margins crenate–serrate. Petioles 0.7–1.5 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 2–6 in diffuse racemose inflorescences, bracts ovate, 1.5–2.5 mm long, apex acuminate. Calyx bilabiate, tubular to campanulate, 2-3 mm long, only slightly cleft, moderately glandular pubescent, 10–15–nerved, upper lip truncate or obscurely 3-toothed, lower lip 2-toothed, sometimes the teeth and lips obsolete. Corolla blue, strongly bilabiate, tube straight or curved, ca. 2.5 mm long, upper lip concave, ca. 1.5 mm long, lower lip spreading, 3-lobed; nectary disk often present at base of ovary, annular or developed on anterior side only. Stamens 2, scarcely exserted beyond or included in corolla tube, , aligned with the sinuses; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits, with an elongate connective articulated near the center of the filament; anther sacs at each end, sometimes lower anther sac or entire lower arm of connective rudimentary. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate; ovules 1 per ovary lobe, placentation basal-axile; style 1; stigmas 2.

Fruit: Nutlets narrowly obovoid; only one nutlet developing; ca. 1.5 mm long. Seeds with endosperm absent or scanty and oily.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Naturalized in low elevation; dry to wet; disturbed habitats.

Elevation Range: 0–1,000 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Naturalized
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ.: 14 (1788)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:829 (Ni, K, O, Mo, L, M, H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Salvia occidentalis Hawaii National Park. East of Hilina Pali Shelter Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 151 Hawaii BISH 1942-11-12
2 Salvia occidentalis Palawai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 147 Lanai BISH 1912-10-10
3 Salvia occidentalis Miki Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 285 Lanai BISH 1928-02-06
4 Salvia occidentalis Maunalei Valley Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 7 Lanai BISH 1952-02-22
5 Salvia occidentalis Hawaii National Park. Hilina Pali Shelter, in shady rock crevice Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 151 Hawaii BISH 1942-11-12
6 Salvia occidentalis Olowalu Gulch Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1125 Maui BISH 1967-05-08
7 Salvia occidentalis East Maui, S slope Haleakala, Auwahi Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 565 Maui BISH 1983-10-04
8 Salvia occidentalis S. Kona, Kealia, roadside Preserved_Specimen Department of Agriculture and Conservation Weed Control Hawaii BISH 1962-03-16
9 Salvia occidentalis Koolau Range, Waikane-Schofield Trail Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-02-12
10 Salvia occidentalis Kaali Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Niihau BISH 1912-01-01
11 Salvia occidentalis Mahana Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1915-11-26
12 Salvia occidentalis Niihau Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Niihau BISH 1912-01-01
13 Salvia occidentalis Huehue Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. Hawaii BISH 1932-05-01
14 Salvia occidentalis Kukuiala Valley Preserved_Specimen Swezey, O.H. Kauai BISH 1934-10-09
15 Salvia occidentalis Hilina Pali (Escarpment). Steep, arid, grassy, badly disturbed, sefacing basalt cliffs and scree-slopes of volcanic ash and boulders with rare trees of Metrosideros collina. 25-35 rain/year. Preserved_Specimen Iltis, H.H. 118 Hawaii BISH 1967-06-22
16 Salvia occidentalis Milolii Valley Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1984-07-16
17 Salvia occidentalis Kaali Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Niihau BISH 1912-01-01
18 Salvia occidentalis Molokai[?] Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Molokai BISH
19 Salvia occidentalis Mahana Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1915-12-26
20 Salvia occidentalis Hualalai, Hawaii, T.H Preserved_Specimen Lyman, Mrs.M. 12176 Hawaii BISH 1935-10-01
21 Salvia occidentalis Drive to end of Hilina Pali Road and walk about 0.7 miles down Hilina Pali Switchback Trail. Plant was in a grassland at left of trail just before first switchback. (plot 46b) Dwarf shrub and grass community in fine ash pockets Preserved_Specimen Herb about 1 foot tall. Newell, C.L. 770 Hawaii BISH 1966-09-03
22 Salvia occidentalis East Maui, 9.4 mi E of Ulupalakua Ranch on Piilani Hwy. (Hwy 31), 3.5 mi W of Manawainui In disturbed shrubland dominated by Lantana Preserved_Specimen Flowers blue. Wagner, W.L. 4768 Maui BISH 1983-01-14
23 Salvia occidentalis Waianae Mountains; south side Makua Valley Steep brushy gulch wall. Preserved_Specimen Herbage aromatic; flowers blue. Fosberg, F.R. 12353 Oahu BISH 1935-11-17
24 Salvia occidentalis Waianae Mountains; Waialua; Pahole Gulch Occasional. In shade along trail not far from road. Preserved_Specimen Stems angled, nodes swollen; flowers bright blue. Nagata, K.M. 1264 Oahu BISH 1975-07-15
25 Salvia occidentalis Kealia Pali On slope near a water seep. Preserved_Specimen Flowers blue and white. Bryan Jr., E.H. 787 Oahu BISH 1934-09-25
26 Salvia occidentalis Drive to end of Hilina Pali Road and walk about 1.5 miles down Hilina Pali Switchback Trail. Plant was near the two large metrosideros trees located about 10 meters from a sharp hairpin turn in trail, and just below a small forest of trees (plot 46a) Very open Metrosideros - Diospyros forest on aa lava Preserved_Specimen Herb about 9 inches tall. Newell, C.L. 428 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-18
27 Salvia occidentalis Kawela Bay In dry rocky region. Preserved_Specimen Weed. Degener, O. 9540 Oahu BISH 1933-03-24
28 Salvia occidentalis Kealia Dry slope by trail Preserved_Specimen Flowers blue. St.John, H. 17647 Oahu BISH 1936-11-08
29 Salvia occidentalis Waianae Mountains; Mokuleia; NE slope of Puu Kaala; 2nd gulch E. of Puu Kaupakuhale By trail. Preserved_Specimen Weed. St.John, H. 13175 Oahu BISH 1933-05-14
30 Salvia occidentalis Drive to end of Hiliana Pali Road and walk about 0.7 miles down Hilina Pali Switchback Trail. Plant was in a grassland at left of trail just before first switchback. (plot 46b) Dwarf shrub and grass community in fine ash pockets. Preserved_Specimen Herb about 6 inches tall, blue flower, plant heavily browsed by goats. Newell, C.L. 776 Hawaii BISH 1966-09-03
31 Salvia occidentalis Waianae Mountains, Palikea Gulch (Puu Pane) Growing in shaded mixed mesophytic forest, dominant species in gulch Pisonia. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5362 Oahu BISH 1984-04-08
32 Salvia occidentalis West Maui, Waihee, Maui Coastal Land Trust coastal wetland property south of Waihee Point Opening in kiawe forest, a shrubland mix of Pluchea carolinensis, P. xfosbergii, Asystasia gangetica, some Panicum maximum, Leucaena leucocephala, Spathodea campanulata, and Mirabilis jalapa. Preserved_Specimen Uncommon pale blue-flowered herb 5 ft tall. Imada, C. 200451 Maui BISH 2004-09-17
33 Salvia occidentalis Drive to end of Hilina Pali Road and walk about 1.5 miles down Hilina Pali Switchback Trail. Plant was near the two large metrosideros trees located about 10 meters from a sharp hairpin turn in trail, and just below a small forest of trees (plot 46a) Very open Metrosideros - Diospyros forest on aa lava Preserved_Specimen Herb about 9 inches tall. Newell, C.L. 269 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-02
34 Salvia occidentalis Lihue District Roadsides. Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 500 Kauai BISH 1916-10-05
35 Salvia occidentalis Na Pali Coast, Honopu Valley Beneath Aleurites moluccana, Psidium guajava, anf Melia azedarach. Preserved_Specimen Single individual about 3' tall. Corn, C. 376 Kauai BISH 1979-07-17
36 Salvia occidentalis Kaena, Uluhulu Gulch Thicket. Preserved_Specimen Flowers small, blue. St.John, H. 10000 Oahu BISH 1929-11-03
37 Salvia occidentalis Koko Crater, near blow-hole Below kiawe. Preserved_Specimen Egler, F.E. 37427 Oahu BISH 1937-03-09
38 Salvia occidentalis Halawa Dry rocky slope [?]] Preserved_Specimen Procumbent, fl. Blue. St.John, H. 12717 Molokai BISH 1932-12-27
39 Salvia occidentalis Waianae Mountains; Kealia Under bushes on rocky slope. Preserved_Specimen Decumbent plant. Hosaka, E.Y. 1308 Oahu BISH 1936-02-02
40 Salvia occidentalis Maunalua, gulch west of Mauna O Ahi Ridge In Leucaena glauca zone. Preserved_Specimen Egler, F.E. 37426 Oahu BISH 1937-04-19
41 Salvia occidentalis Palawai, near Keomuku, roadside Roadside. Preserved_Specimen Herb with blue flowers. Herbst, D.R. 5782 Lanai BISH 1976-03-30
42 Salvia occidentalis Kawaihae Rd., dry gulch Preserved_Specimen Plant, 2 1/2 ft. high. Ewart III, G.R. 350 Hawaii BISH 1934-03-02
43 Salvia occidentalis East fork of Kawela Gulch Hot sunny barren gully near stream. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3656 Molokai BISH 1928-05-05
44 Salvia occidentalis Koko Crater Rocky slope in gully, close to ocean, fresh-water seepage. Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1931-01-18
45 Salvia occidentalis Kailua-Kona. Weed along Kuakini Highway Preserved_Specimen Somewhat decumbent herb with pale blue flowers. Herbst, D.R. 5374 Hawaii BISH 1975-06-23
46 Salvia occidentalis Palawai Growing roadside near Keomuku. Preserved_Specimen Weed. Herb with blue flowers. Herbst, D.R. 5782 Lanai BISH 1976-03-30
47 Salvia occidentalis Kanepuu, near Dry, open ground. Preserved_Specimen Prostrate, flowers blue. Fosberg, F.R. 12544 Lanai BISH 1935-12-01
48 Salvia occidentalis Olowalu Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2415 Maui BISH 1920-05-18
49 Salvia occidentalis Kawaihau District: land of Kapaa, along road by Waikaea Canal, back of Kapaa Town Preserved_Specimen Herb with bluish flowers. Herbst, D.R. 5668 Kauai BISH 1976-02-24
50 Salvia occidentalis Kaloko, N. Kona. In crevasses in aa fields mauka of Kailua-Kawaihae Rd Preserved_Specimen Prostrate shrub. Rare. Leucaena, Schinus, Canthium scrub. Flowers shy-blue, tube white. Nagata, K.M. 2346 Hawaii BISH 1981-07-18
51 Salvia occidentalis Maunalei Valley Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 491 Lanai BISH 1915-03-06
52 Salvia occidentalis Waimea. Menehune Road beyond bridge across Waimea River Preserved_Specimen Spreading low herb. Corolla lobes blue, tube white. Flynn, T.W. 1189 Kauai BISH 1985-08-22
53 Salvia occidentalis Okoe trail, Okoe, Hawaii Preserved_Specimen trail side weed Bryan Jr., E.H. Hawaii BISH 1932-11-24
54 Salvia occidentalis Palawai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 379 Lanai BISH 1928-08-01
55 Salvia occidentalis Nokukano Development Site makai of the belt road in Capt. Cook, Hawaii Preserved_Specimen This blue flowered sage was found only once on this site. Plant was growing in the shade among the rocks. Funk, E.J. Hawaii BISH 1991-11-01
56 Salvia occidentalis Maunalei Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 454 Lanai BISH 1915-08-06
57 Salvia occidentalis Nankuli, north ridge Preserved_Specimen Small blue flowers. Kerr, M. Oahu BISH 1946-01-20
58 Salvia occidentalis Puowaina Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 74 Oahu BISH 1864-01-01
59 Salvia occidentalis Mahanaloa Valley. c. 100 yards down stream from junction with Kuia Valley Preserved_Specimen Low spreading herb. Corolla blue. Flynn, T.W. 661 Kauai BISH 1983-11-29
60 Salvia occidentalis About 6 km from Hilina Pali going along Puu Kaoene trail Preserved_Specimen Flowers purple. Herat, T. 895 Hawaii BISH 1974-07-05
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