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Clermontia pallida

Hillebr. (1888)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Clermontia

‘ōhā [oha], ‘ōhā wai [oha wai], hāhā [haha]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or trees, 2–5 m tall, terrestrial or epiphytic.

Stems: Stems branched repeatedly, spreading, light gray or light brown, glabrous or rarely pubescent, with numerous helically arranged leaf scars near apex, pith solid, latex white, viscous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblong, elliptic, or oblanceolate, 7–15 cm long, 2–4.5 cm wide. Apex acuminate or cuspidate. Base cuneate. Surfaces glabrous; lamina membranous, dull; Upper surfaces pale green; lower surfaces very pale green. Margins callose–crenulate. Petioles 5–13.5 cm long, yellowish white, translucent, glabrous. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences 2(–7)–flowered, glabrous or pubescent; peduncle 0.8–2.7 (–5) cm long, spreading, bibracteate at or near apex; pedicels 1.4–2.3 (–3) cm long, spreading, bibracteolate at or near apex. Flowers bisexual (perfect), epigynous, zygomorphic, resupinate, protandrous. Hypanthium 0.7–1 cm long, 0.7–1 cm in diameter, hemispheric, glabrous. Perianth 4.5–6 cm long, bilabiate, dark purple or dark magenta externally, pale yellowish green within, glabrous; tube 2.4–3.2 cm long, 0.7–1 cm in diameter, gently curved; lobes 2–3.2 cm long, 3–4.5 cm wide, spreading. Stamens 5, syngenesious, alternate with the corolla lobes, staminal column included or slightly exserted, gently curved; anthers connate, dithecal, opening introrsely by longitudinal slits, dark purple, the 3 dorsal ones a little longer than the 2 ventral ones, the latter with tufts of stiff white trichomes at apex, otherwise glabrous, or sometimes pubescent along the sutures, rarely so on the surfaces, the tube 1.2–1.4 cm long, 3–4 mm in diameter, glabrous; filaments connate above, free from the corolla, 3.8–5.2 cm long, dark purple, glabrous. Pollen tricolporate, prolate, ellipsoidal. Ovary inferior, 2-carpellate, 2-loculed; ovule placentation axile, placentae large; style slender, terete (cylindrical), with a ring of stiff white hairs near apex; stigma 2-lobed, the lobes appressed and non–receptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out pollen, after which the stigmas spread and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries unknown. Seeds numerous; tiny; dark brown or black; minutely foveate–reticulate; shiny; with a straight; short to spatulate dicotyledonous embryo embedded in oily endosperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Montane rain forests and cloud forests.

Elevation Range: 915–1390 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Molokai Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Hawaiian Isl.: 241 (1888)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:433 (Mo); Lammers 1991:50 (KEY, DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1557 Molokai BISH 1979-07-18
2 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Shrub of ca. 2.5m, flowers violet-blue, fruits unripe, turning orange. Kiehn, M. 94090124 Molokai BISH 1994-09-01
3 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2.5 m. ht. Flowers purplish. Petioles conspicuous; 6-10 cm. Long Nagata, K.M. 2683 Molokai BISH 1983-07-27
4 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1516 Molokai BISH 1979-07-11
5 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 156 Molokai BISH 1912-07-01
6 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet `ohi`a forest w/ other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen 1 m tall; 18 branches; fruit orange, 10 sulcate grooves Warshauer, F.R. 2955 Molokai BISH 1980-08-03
7 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 620611024 Molokai BISH 1962-06-11
8 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12378 Molokai BISH 1932-12-21
9 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4936 Molokai BISH 1983-07-30
10 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12788 Molokai BISH 1915-05-01
11 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1516 Molokai BISH 1979-07-11
12 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12790 Molokai BISH 1915-12-01
13 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 13116 Molokai BISH 1918-07-01
14 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12789 Molokai BISH 1915-12-01
15 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1535 Molokai BISH 1979-07-13
16 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Molokai BISH 1912-09-01
17 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1535 Molokai BISH 1979-07-13
18 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 277 Molokai BISH 1912-07-01
19 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 277 Molokai BISH 1912-07-01
20 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3074 Molokai BISH 1989-08-11
21 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 14034 Molokai BISH 1918-05-01
22 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 1960 Molokai BISH 1966-08-25
23 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Molokai BISH
24 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Molokai BISH
25 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Molokai BISH
26 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Molokai BISH
27 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet `ohi`a forest w/ other native trees and a treefern and native-exotic grass and shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Long petiole Jacobi, J.D. 1557 Molokai BISH 1979-07-18
28 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12790 Molokai BISH 1915-12-01
29 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. 12785 Molokai BISH
30 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet montane forest Preserved_Specimen Tree or shrub with purple flowers Higashino, P.K. 10380 Molokai BISH 1984-08-15
31 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet `ohi`a forest w/ other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen 10 cm dia; 3 m tall. Calyx and corolla same length and purple. Higashino, P.K. 9409 Molokai BISH 1980-02-08
32 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rain forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2.5 m. tall; lvs. pale green, perianth maroon outside, green within. St.John, H. 23383 Molokai BISH 1948-12-19
33 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Hitchcock, A.S. 15189 Molokai BISH 1916-10-13
34 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Occasional growing on steep slopes in wet forest. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Kadua, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Wikstroemia, Pipturus, Psychotria, Sadleria, Cibotium, Cyrtandra, Melicope, Labordia, Coprosma, Machaerina, Vaccinium, Pneumatopteris, Selaginella, Lythrum, Clidemia, Hedychium, Paspalum, Erigeron, Ageratina. Preserved_Specimen Many-branched shrubs to 3m tall; flowers purple; berries orange. Oppenheimer, H.L. 100815 Molokai BISH 2008-10-16
35 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Metrosideros-Dicranopteri montane wet forest Preserved_Specimen Scattered shrubs w/ flowers and immature fruit. Perlman, S. 6270 Molokai BISH 1987-08-03
36 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Common along trail Preserved_Specimen Bushy to 7 ft. Calyx and corolla purple outside, tipped w/ green, pale green inside; stamens dark purple; plant w/ milky juice Crosby, M.R. 1688 Molokai BISH 1964-07-05
37 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet `ohi`a forest w/ other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1417 Molokai BISH 1979-06-22
38 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet `ohi`a forest w/ other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen 6 cm Bd; 3 m tall; 30-35 branches. Epiphytic on Cibotium. Corolla pale purple w/ green tip Warshauer, F.R. 2984 Molokai BISH 1980-08-05
39 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details open, shrubby rainforest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 22134 Molokai BISH 1952-03-15
40 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details edge of gulch Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12602 Molokai BISH 1932-12-25
41 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet `ohi`a forest w/ other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1401 Molokai BISH 1979-06-22
42 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rain forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2.5 m. tall; lvs. pale green, perianth maroon outside, green within. St.John, H. 23383 Molokai BISH 1948-12-19
43 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros polymorpha forest along pali Preserved_Specimen Shrub to 7 ft; fls deep purple, some somewhat greenish. Carlquist, S. 2217 Molokai BISH 1966-08-25
44 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rain forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2.5 m. tall; lvs. pale green, perianth maroon outside, green within. St.John, H. 23383 Molokai BISH 1948-12-19
45 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Occasional growing on steep slopes in wet forest. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Kadua, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Wikstroemia, Pipturus, Psychotria, Sadleria, Cibotium, Cyrtandra, Melicope, Labordia, Coprosma, Machaerina, Vaccinium, Pneumatopteris, Selaginella, Lythrum, Clidemia, Hedychium, Paspalum, Erigeron, Ageratina. Preserved_Specimen Many-branched shrubs to 3m tall; flowers purple; berries orange. Oppenheimer, H.L. 100815 Molokai BISH 2008-10-16
46 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet `ohi`a forest w/ other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. On makai facing slope; terrestrial; exposed. Preserved_Specimen Tree 16 cm Bd; 3 m tall; 1.5 m Bole. 3 buds. Rare. Jacobi, J.D. 1535 Molokai BISH 1979-07-13
47 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In gulch nr stream in wet `ohi`a forest w/ other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen 2.5 m tall; 3 cm Bd; 6 m crown (dia). 50 % direct exposure; colony ground rooted. White petiole; outer calyx lobes purple, inner lobes green; staminal column deep purple. Very healthy; no small plants seen; other sterile plants on transect. Stemmermann, R.L. 3870 Molokai BISH 1979-07-11
48 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In gulch nr stream in wet `ohi`a forest w/ other native trees and a treefern and native-exotic grass and shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Outer calyx lobes purple; white petiole Stemmermann, R.L. 3944 Molokai BISH 1979-07-19
49 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In gulch nr stream in wet `ohi`a forest w/ other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen 2.5 m tall; 3 cm Bd; 6 m crown (dia). 50 % direct exposure; colony ground rooted. White petiole; outer calyx lobes purple, inner lobes green; staminal column deep purple. Very healthy; no small plants seen; other sterile plants on transect. Stemmermann, R.L. 3870 Molokai BISH 1979-07-11
50 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet `ohi`a forest w/ other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen 6 cm Bd; 3 m tall; 30-35 branches. Epiphytic on Cibotium. Corolla pale purple w/ green tip Warshauer, F.R. 2984 Molokai BISH 1980-08-05
51 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet `ohi`a forest w/ other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. On ridge; terrestrial; exposed. Preserved_Specimen Small tree 3+ m tall; ca 75 branches; calyx and corolla purple. Trailing stem, long petiole; uncommon Jacobi, J.D. 1516 Molokai BISH 1979-07-11
52 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1 m tall, w/ white latex; some branches fasciated Lamoureux, C.H. 1984 Molokai BISH 1962-06-12
53 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2522 Molokai BISH 1938-07-06
54 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen terrestrial or rarely epiiphytic shrub or tree Wysong, M.L. 488 Molokai BISH 2004-11-23
55 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet `ohi`a forest w/ other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. On side of gulch; terrestrial; exposed. Young plants, uncommon Preserved_Specimen 11 cm Bd; 2.5 m tall; 1.5 Bole. One flower, 2 buds Jacobi, J.D. 1544 Molokai BISH 1979-07-14
56 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen About four plants seen; all in flower; to 9 ft. in height; multiple branched. Petals light green at flowering; red with age and also partly red in bud. Buck, M. 2 Molokai BISH 1983-08-22
57 Clermontia pallida Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Flowering Hitchcock, A.S. 15102 Molokai BISH 1916-10-10
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