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Isodendrion pyrifolium

A.Gray (1852)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Violaceae Genus: Isodendrion

aupaka, wahine noho kula

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Branched shrubs ca. 8–20 dm tall.

Stems: Branches pilose at least when young (hairs antrorsely appressed), leafy at apex to ca. 5 cm below, ± glabrate with age.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades elliptic–ovate to elliptic–oblanceolate or occasionally lanceolate, 2.5–6.5 cm long, 0.8–3.2 cm wide. Apex obtuse, ± mucronate. Base rounded to broadly cuneate. Surfaces sparsely to moderately appressed pilose, at least along veins; blade chartaceous. Margins serrulate to subentire; margins ± whitish ciliate. Conspicuously reticulate-veined; upper surface with slightly raised veins, lower surface with raised veins. Petioles 0.5–1 cm long, appressed pilose (hairs antrorse). Stipules slightly asymmetrical, deltate–ovate, rarely narrowly so, 2.8–5 mm long, the raised thickened midrib appressed whitish puberulent, becoming noticeably brownish dry and membranous toward margins.

Flowers: Flowers solitary; peduncles 2–6 mm long, whitish puberulent. Flowers fragrant, bisexual (perfect), axillary, on short pedicels; pedicels 1.5–4 mm long, pedicels whitish puberulent, bracts 2–3 mm long. Calyx of 5 sepals, lanceolate, 3.5–5 mm long, becoming membranous toward the whitish ciliolate margin. Corolla of 5 petals, probably greenish yellow, upper petals 10.5–12.3 mm long, the lobes 3.5–5 mm long, lateral petals 10.5–13 mm long, the lobes 4–4.5 mm long, lower petal 11.5–15 mm long, the lobe 4.5–5.3 mm long. Stamens 5, subequal; filaments 0.5–1.3 mm long; anthers ca. 1.5 mm long, connective of at least abaxial Stamens prolonged into an apiculate appendage. Ovary superior, 3-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal; ovules anatropous; style 1, filiform, sigmoid, apex enlarged and excavated.

Fruit: Capsules ovoid–ellipsoid; 3–valved; ca. 12 mm long. Seeds olive with a dark spot near the middle; ca. 3–3.2 mm long; 1.8–2.2 mm in diameter; with fleshy; oily endosperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Low elevation; dry sites.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Lana'i Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • Description digitized by Ellena Ruiz
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • Formerly occurring in low elevation
  • Last collected in 1870
  • aka Wahine noho kula

Bibliography

Name Published In: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 2: 324 (1852)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1331 (Ni, O, Mo, L, M? [reported by Hillebrand in 1888, but no vouchers seen], H); Herbarium Pacificum Staff 1996:7 (REDISCOVER/H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Remy, M. J. 534 Niihau US 1851-00-00
2 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN J. Remy 534 Niihau PTBG
3 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner 6762 Oahu US
4 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN m. j. remy 534 Niihau US 1851-08-08
5 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner, e. luegmayr & b. meilleur 6762 Hawaii US 8/20/1992
6 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hillebrand, w.b. lydgate, j.m. collector number: s.n. Lanai BISH 1870-08-08
7 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s.n. Lanai BISH 1870-00-00
8 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN remy, m.j. collector number: 534 Oahu BISH 1851-01-01
9 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Rare in moist Melochia, Melastoma, Metrosideros forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN remy, m.j. collector number: 535 Hawaii BISH 1851-01-01
10 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN collector number: s.n. Lanai BISH 1870-07-01
11 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PreservedSpecimen Remy, M.J. Collector Number: 534 Niihau BISH Specimen
12 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Canopy: Grevillea robusta, Schinus terebinthifolia, Dodonaea viscosa, Sophora chrysophylla, Acacia confusa, Toona ciliata, Diospyros sandwicensis, Nototrichium humile, Santalum ellipticum. Understory: Oplismenus hirtellus, Kalanchoe pinnata, Carex meyenii, Melinis minutiflora, Eragrostis variabilis, Schiedea ligustrina, Salvia coccinea, Ageratum riparium, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, Erigeron karvinskianus, Plectranthus parviflorus, Melanthera tenuis, Sida fallax, Ageratina adenophora, Neraudia angulata var. angulata, Sonchus oleraceus, Euphorbia celastroides var. amplectens PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Loomis, A. OA-WAI-A-0001 Oahu BISH 7/11/2016
13 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information ex protologue: "at foot of Hualalai, lava is little decomposed and very arid, hence rocky waste land." PRESERVED_SPECIMEN remy, m.j. collector number: 535 Hawaii BISH 1851-01-01
14 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In arid scrubby grassland of Pennisetum, Leucaena, Canthium, Capparis & Dodonaea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 4215 Hawaii BISH 7/14/1991
15 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wilkes expedition MN
16 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN daniel k. harder|keith wooliams|peter van dyke harder 4076 MO 11/12/1997
17 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On a'a lava flow with alien vegetation. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 12897 Hawaii PTBG 7/21/1992
18 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information ex protologue: "sur le lave decompose" PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Remy, M.J. 535 Hawaii BISH 1/24/1905
19 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In arid scrubby grassland of Pennisetum, Leucaena, Canthium, Capparis & Dodonaea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 4215 Hawaii BISH 7/14/1991
20 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Remy, M.J. 534 Niihau BISH 1/24/1905
21 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information ex protologue: "at foot of Hualalai, lava is little decomposed and very arid, hence rocky waste land." PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Remy, M.J. 535 Hawaii BISH 1851-00-00
22 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. j. rémy 534 GH
23 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Daniel K. Harder|Keith Wooliams|Peter Van Dyke Harder 4076 Missouri Botanical Garden 11/12/1997
24 Isodendrion pyrifolium A.Gray Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In cultivation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wilkes expedition s.n. NY
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