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Phyllostegia stachyoides

A.Gray (1862)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Phyllostegia

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Weakly erect to scandent subshrubs.

Stems: Stems antrorsely strigose (occasionally some hairs somewhat spreading).

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades lanceolate to ovate or occasionally broadly ovate, 6–17(–20) cm long, 2.2–6(–8) cm wide. Apex acute to acuminate. Base cuneate to occasionally truncate. Surfaces moderately to sparsely strigose, more densely so along veins (occasionally some hairs spreading), or rarely glabrate; lower surfaces also usually moderately glandular–dotted; Blades apparently somewhat rugose. Margins crenate to shallowly crenate. Petioles 2.5–7 cm long, moderately to densely antrorsely strigose. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers (8–)10–14 per verticillaster, in usually compound, racemose inflorescences, consisting of the principal stem and usually 2 lateral branches immediately below, pedicels 2–7 mm long, antrorsely strigose to antrorsely spreading hispidulous or on Hawai'i villous, bracts lanceolate, 7–17 mm long, lowermost pair larger, 25–40 mm long. Calyx campanulate, 3.5–8 mm long, enlarging in fruit, antrorsely strigose (Moloka'i) or short–hispidulous, also glandular–dotted, usually conspicuously so, usually 5-toothed, the teeth linear to linear–deltate, (1.2–)2–4 mm long, pubescence primarily along margins and near apex, occasionally more uniform, evenly glandular–dotted, apex attenuate to acute, splitting longitudinally, usually persistent or sometimes only ventral 1/2 persistent. Corolla bilabiate, white, upper lip usually tinged pink, tube narrowly funnelform, ca. 6–12 mm long, moderately pubescent, upper lip ca. 3 mm long, entire or 2-lobed, flat or concave, lower lip ca. 7–8 mm long, emarginate to entire, 3-lobed, lateral lobes ovate, slightly asymmetrical, lower lobe broadly ovate to suborbicular, slightly folded to form a groove, margins somewhat undulate, apex emarginate or entire; nectary disk often present at base of ovary, annular or developed on anterior side only. Stamens 4, both pairs of similar length or upper pair slightly longer, ascending the upper corolla lip, included, aligned with the sinuses; filaments inserted near throat, usually pubescent; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits; anther sacs divaricate. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate, placentation basal-axile; ovules 1 per ovary lobe; style 1, included, arising between lobes, shortly 2-lobed, the lobes clavate; stigmatic only at apex, 1 lobe often rudimentary; stigmas 2.

Fruit: Nutlets ca. 3 mm long; 1-seeded; dark green to black; drupaceous; exocarp fleshy; obovoid; margins slightly winged; obliquely attached at the connate base; spreading and exserted from calyx at maturity. Seeds with endosperm absent or scanty and oily.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in mesic to wet forest.

Elevation Range: 880–1,400 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Molokai Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 344 (1862)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:823 (Mo, WM, H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Gowing in the bottom of a collapsed lava tube skylight. Growing with Metrosideros polymorpha, Acacia koa, Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. Trigynum, Leptecophylla tameiameiae, Ilex anomala, Ehrharta stipoides, Dryopteris wallichiana, Polystichum hillebrandii. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling viney subshrub with white flowers tinged with pink and purple calyx VanDeMark, J. 37 Hawaii BISH 2020-03-26
2 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros waialealae var. fauriei-Dicranopteris Preserved_Specimen 3 m long, scandent vine. Corolla white w/pink tinge; frt dark green. ca. 5 plants. Wood, K.R. 6280 Molokai BISH 1997-05-15
3 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia koa-Metrosideros mesic forest. With Antidesma pltyphylla, Ilex anomala, Clermontia clermontioides, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Kadua affinis, Cheirodendron trigynum, Pipturus albidus, Rubus hawaiiensis, Psidium cattlelanum, Myrsine Preserved_Specimen Sprawling vine, several plants, flowers, no fruits, flower color white, calyx covered with gland dots Perlman, S. 23178 Hawaii BISH 2012-12-12
4 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Metrosideros montane wet forest w/Myrsine, Coprosma, Sadleria, Vaccinium, Dubautia scabra, Machaerina, Dicranopteris, Asplenium & Polypodium pellucidum. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 8396 Maui BISH 1988-04-05
5 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 2438 Molokai BISH 1979-07-17
6 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details (small koa/`ohi`a/mamane kipuka). Substrate: soil over old `a`a Preserved_Specimen Belfield, T. 415052 Hawaii BISH 2006-03-03
7 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Montane Ohia Mixed Forest. At the headwalls of a steep gulch with Metrosideros, Myrsine, Coprosma, Psychotria, Ilex, Cheirodendron, Labordia, Perrottetia, Touchardia, Nothocestrum, Schiedea and native ferns Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1571 Maui BISH 1992-07-05
8 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Suberect or creeping. Forbes, C.N. 1030 Hawaii BISH 1915-07-01
9 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Giffard, W.M. 13013 Hawaii BISH 1917-08-01
10 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 71 Maui BISH 1910-05-01
11 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Flowers white, without odor; upper corolla lip mat-colored. Forbes, C.N. 2446 Maui BISH 1920-05-21
12 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 2408 Molokai BISH 1982-07-14
13 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 3418 Molokai BISH 1938-09-21
14 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing in a kipuka in the Kipuka Maunaiu area. Preserved_Specimen Growing with METPOL, ACAKOA, SOPCHR, MYOSAN, ERHSTI. Leaves rugose, flowers white, mature fruit dfark green. Wasser, M. Hawaii BISH 2014-08-19
15 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Intermittent stream bottom. Associated vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Athyrium, Peperomia, Asplenium, Labordia, Kadua, Cyrtandra, Rubus, Diplazium, Myrsine, Cibotium, Astelia, Carex, Elaphoglossum, Nothoperanema. Preserved_Specimen Single, sprawling/vinning; rooting at nodes. Oppenheimer, H.L. 60701 Molokai BISH 2007-06-06
16 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 34 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-09
17 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3914 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-18
18 Phyllostegia stachyoides Kona Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH
19 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Hawaii BISH
20 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Broussaisia, Gouldia, ferns, moss Preserved_Specimen low scrambling shrub Nagata, K.M. 1145 Molokai BISH 1973-02-28
21 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 22202 Molokai BISH 1952-11-22
22 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Molokai BISH
23 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
24 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. BISH
25 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros forest with Cibotium, Broussaisia, Hedyotis hillebrandii, Coprosma, Vaccinium, Clermontia, Melicope, Phyllostegia ambigua, Stenogyne, Peperomia, Labordia hirtella, Sadleria, Myrsine, Styphelia, Astelia, Psychotria mauiensis, Athyrium, Nertera, Cheirodendron, Ilex Preserved_Specimen ~4' shrub, small white flowers, fruit Perlman, S. 15368 Maui BISH 1996-11-02
26 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet Koa-'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a treefern, native shrub understory. Two small clumps growing in disturbed cattle patch of kipuka. Preserved_Specimen Small white flower. Warshauer, F.R. 1856 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-18
27 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details observed at the confluence of two small steams. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Ilex, Melicope, Diplopterygium, Dicranopteris, Cibotium, Sadleria, Cyclosorus, cyanea, Tremtolobelia, Clermontia, Stenogyne, Cyrtandra, Deparia, Styenogyne, Vandenboschia, Peperomia. Preserved_Specimen Rare, one large ssprawling shrub and one smaller younger plant Oppenheimer, H.L. 72108 Molokai BISH 2021-07-21
28 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed riparian forest w/ 8 - 10 m canopy adjacent to boggy ridges dominated by Metrosideros-Oreobolus-Rhynchospora. Understory of Broussaisia, Clermontia grandiflora, Rubus hawaiense, Cyrtandra grayi, Melicope spp, Sadleria spp., understiturbed groundcover of mosses, ferns & herbs. Preserved_Specimen Vining shrub, on E side of stream in Broussaisia, 1 - 2 m long, few branched with frt, 3 plants (2 plants up side gulch). Wood, K.R. 13160 Maui BISH 2008-07-10
29 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Vegetation: Metrosideros/Acacia Montane Mesic/Wet Forest Preserved_Specimen Rare, single old sprawling plant observed. Oppenheimer, H.L. 51518 Molokai BISH 2015-05-19
30 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet forest; with Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Labordia hirtella, Clermontia micrantha, Phyllostegia ambigua, Lobelia gloria-montis, Sadleria, Cyrtandra grayi, Dubautia plantaginea, Machaerina angustifolia, Psychotria, Eragrostis grandis, Melicope clusiifolia, Peperomia, Cyrtandra hashimotoi, Hedyotis terminalis Preserved_Specimen patches; with flowers and fruit Perlman, S. 15768 Maui BISH 1997-03-21
31 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Two meters up bank on vertical, mossy cliff. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Tetraplasandra, Pneumatopteris, Rubus, Coprosma, Viola, Clermontia, Cyrtandra, Pipturus, Cibotium, Sadleria, Athyrium, Selaginella, Asplenium, Diplazium, Nothoperanema, Sticherus, Peperomia. Preserved_Specimen Single sprawling subshrub plust 4 other seedlings observed below and downstream. Oppenheimer, H.L. 60914 Molokai BISH 2009-06-09
32 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mossy rainforest. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23246 Molokai BISH 1948-02-04
33 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On `a`a lava in company with various species of Stenogyne. Preserved_Specimen Herbaceus. Growing erect. Flowers white, very sweet fragrance. Rock, J.F.C. 10034 Hawaii BISH 1912-02-10
34 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mossy rainforest. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23246 Molokai BISH 1948-02-04
35 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Athyrium, Dubautia, Rubus hawaiensis Preserved_Specimen 1 m scrambling vine; flower white, faint fragrance Gagné, B.H. Molokai BISH 1981-01-07
36 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet forest Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12370 Molokai BISH 1932-12-21
37 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In lower forest. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11357 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-29
38 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Among ferns in gulch in wet Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25696 Maui BISH 1955-12-28
39 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Consistent with `ohi`a montane wet forest. Assoc. veg: Metrosideros polymorpha, Cheirodendron trigynum, Melicope sp., Hedyotis hillebrandii, Broussaisia arguta, Phyllostegia ambigua, Sadleria sp. Plant situated under canopy in rocky bottom of a ravine cut into a steep wall. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub 1.5 m. Meidell, J.S. 111 Maui BISH 1996-05-01
40 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In riparian area on stream banks and vertical walls. Vegetation: Metrosideros/Cheirodendron Wet Forest w. Amauropelta, Phyllostegia ambigua, Selaginella, Cyanea, Pilea, Pneumatopteris, Sadleria, Buddleia, Tibouchina, Ageratina. Preserved_Specimen Rare subshrubs. Oppenheimer, H.L. 110615 Maui BISH 2006-11-21
41 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open rain forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 5413 Molokai BISH 1928-04-12
42 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forest. Preserved_Specimen Flowers white with pink tinge on upper lip. Degener, O. 5370 Hawaii BISH 1930-03-30
43 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details next to perennial stream. Vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha var. polymorpha & var. glaberrima, Cheirodendron trigynum. Melicope clusiifolia, Diplopterygium pinnatum, Cibotium menziesii, Sticherus owhyhensis, Athyrium microphyllum, Astelia menziesiana, Cyanea solenocalyx, Cyrtandra grayana, Smilax melastomifolia, Broussaisia arguata, Clermontia arborescens subsp. waikoluensis, Anoectochilus sandvicensis. Sadleria pallida, Peperomia. Preserved_Specimen Single large 2m tall x 3m wide sprawling shrub; white flowers observed, plus one seedling adjacent upstream. Oppenheimer, H.L. 11541 Molokai BISH 2015-01-29
44 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In valley. Preserved_Specimen Fls pinkish-white. Forbes, C.N. 71 Maui BISH 1910-05-01
45 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details by intake Preserved_Specimen glabrate, no glands in leaves Hobdy, R.W. 2399 Maui BISH 1985-05-24
46 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Shrubby rain forest Preserved_Specimen Mostly erect, scarcely spreading-assurgent; corolla pure white or upper part of upper lip pinkish. Degener, O. 22202 Molokai BISH 1952-11-22
47 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet forest Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12370 Molokai BISH 1932-12-21
48 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details open rain forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 5415 Molokai BISH 1928-04-17
49 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet forest Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12370 Molokai BISH 1932-12-21
50 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details first minor drainage west of Ohialele along northern cliffs, 80% canopy cover with 5m tall Metrosideros at 55%, 4m tall Cheirodendron at 20%, 4m Myrsine lessertiana at 5%, gap with 20% cover of 3m tall Cibotium menziesii, rich in bryophytes with Melicope clusiifolia, Wikistromia oahuensis, Ilex anomala, Hedyotis terminalis, and riparian vegetation. Pig, goat, rats, Buddleia asiatica, Rubus rosifolius, Erechtites valerianafolia, ver Preserved_Specimen along lower pool east of Olomao ridge, down below rain gage, shrub, stems few erect, past fruiting with old infructescence, 3 plants observed. Wood, K.R. 11400 Molokai BISH 2005-06-30
51 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details end of spring trail, on stream floor; in wet forest of Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Sadleria, Lycopodium Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 1932 Maui BISH 1979-06-06
52 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details along stream bed. Vegetation: Metrosideros/Acacia Montane Mesic/Wet Forest. Preserved_Specimen $ mature plants, 2 immature, plus one seedling observed. Oppenheimer, H.L. 51519 Molokai BISH 2015-05-19
53 Phyllostegia stachyoides Head of Waikolu Valley; Hanalilolilo, bottom of gulch Wet forest. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12370 Molokai BISH 1932-12-21
54 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Along stream bank in dense shade along perennial strea.Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Perrottetia, Coprosma, Kadua, Broussaisia, Cyrtandra, Cibotium, Clermontia, Sadleria, Diplazium, Pipturus, Urera, Myrsine, Alyxia, Cyanea, Christella, Vandenboschia, Peperomia, Rubus. Preserved_Specimen Sing, many branched, upright straggly plant; lleaves dull green. Oppenheimer, H.L. 110903 Molokai BISH 2009-11-10
55 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details rain forest, partly sunny Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 5411 Molokai BISH 1928-04-10
56 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details open rain forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 5419 Molokai BISH 1928-04-24
57 Phyllostegia stachyoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Among ferns in gulch in wet Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25696 Maui BISH 1955-12-28
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