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Piper methysticum

G.Forst. (1786)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Magnoliids Order: Piperales Family: Piperaceae Genus: Piper

‘awa [awa], kava, kavakava, sakau, yangona

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 1.5–3 m tall.

Stems: Stems jointed, swollen at nodes.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades cordate, 13–30 cm long, 10–23 cm wide. Apex tapering. Lower surfaces minutely puberulent on veins. Margins entire, ciliate. Palmately veined, principal veins 9–13, spreading from base except the 3 uppermost. Petioles 2–3 cm long. Stipules accrescent and usually persistent, at ultimate node and sometimes at some of the lower nodes, 4.5–5.5 cm long, 0.8–2.2 cm wide, the ultimate stipule forming a lanceoloid sheath enclosing the developing stem.

Flowers: Flowers in mature spikes white, 3–9 cm long (incl. peduncle), peduncles up to 1.5 cm long. Flowers unisexual (and the plants dioecious), perianth absent. Each flower subtended by a minute, glabrous, peltate bract. Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens 2–4. Ovary superior, 2–4(5)-carpellate, 1-celled; ovules 1 per cell, orthotropous, erect; stigmas as many as carpels, essentially terminal.

Fruit: Fruit drupaceous (fruiting absent or rare in Hawaii). Seeds 1 per fruit; subglobose; with scanty endosperm and copious; starchy perisperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Shaded mesic valleys or more open; windward mesic sites.

Elevation Range: 50–500 m.

Historical Distribution

Accepted Subtaxa (in Hawai'i) (1)

Piper methysticum f. methysticum

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Most commonly known as a relaxant. Used in a wide variety of social settings, including ceremonies of various types. Also blended with other substances for healing purposes. The active chemicals in 'awa are called kavalactones, which are mainly composed of varying ratios of 6 different chemicals; they are (numbered from 1 through 6): 1) demethoxy-yangonin (DMY); 2) dihydrokavain (DHK); 3) yangonin (Y); 4) kavain (K); 5) dihydromethysticin (DHM); and 6) methysticin (M). The components have differing physiological effects; studies have shown that DHK and DHM are the most potent kavalactones, while kavain is most quickly absorbed when drunk and is highly valued for its pleasant effects, including relaxed mental and physical state, improved ability to think, and stabilization of feelings. While it is possible to extract an individual component for use, it is the synergistic combination of all the chemicals that produces best results. (Lebot et al.1992).

  • ‘Awa is used to treat a wide variety of ailments, such as insomnia; the ashes are rubbed on lesions of thrush/fungal disease (‘ea, pa‘ao‘ao) of children; also for kidney disorders, chills, chewed for headaches, and tiredness. Root extract used in remedies to relieve difficulty in urinating, menstrual irregularities, and congestion in the respiratory tract (Chun 1994:51–59).

CULTURE

  • [I] ‘Awa kau la‘au o Puna. Tree-growing ‘awa of Puna. Tree-grown ‘awa of Puna was famous for its potency. It was believed that birds carried pieces of ‘awa up into the trees where it would grow. [II] E hanai ‘awa a ikaika ka makani. Feed with ‘awa so that the spirit may gain strength. One offers ‘awa and prayers to the dead so that their spirits may grow strong and be a source of help to the family. [III] Ka ‘awa lena o Kali‘u. the yellowed ‘awa of Kali‘u. Refers to Kali‘u, Kaua‘i. People noticed drunken rats in the forest and discovered some very potent ‘awa there. There is a Kali‘u in Puna, Hawai‘i, where good ‘awa is also grown. [IV] O Honu‘apo aku no ia o kahi o ka ‘ahu‘awa. That is Honu‘apo where the ‘ahu‘awa grows. A Ka‘u saying about disappointment. The ‘ahu‘awa was much used as fiber for straining ‘awa. A play on hoka (to strain, to be disappointed). [V] Paoa ka lawai‘a i ka ‘olelo ia o ka ‘awa. Unlucky is fishing when ‘awa is discussed. ‘Awa (kava) also means "bitterness." [VI] Puna, ‘aina ‘awa lau o ka manu. Puna, land of the leafed ‘awa planted by the birds.

PROPAGATION/CULTIVATION

  • (Handy et al. 1972:191–192)

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Only found in cultivation
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Diss. Pl. Esc.: 76 (1786)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1036 (K, O, Mo, M, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:456 (KEY, DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Mapulehu Valley, walls of rocky gorge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 12751 Molokai BISH 12/28/1932
2 Piper methysticum G.Forst. hanakoa valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stone, b.c. collector number: 1496 Kauai BISH 12/26/1956
3 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Gully head at cliff base between Puu Keahiakakoe and Puukahuauli. Local concentration growing by Cyrtandra collection Koolaum 380 On slope consisting of talus rubble, under kukui canopy. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. 1813 Oahu BISH 11/3/1984
4 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Wooded Valley, Haiku Valley, Waiahole forest reserve, Heeia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 12275 Oahu BISH 12/11/1932
5 Piper methysticum G.Forst. waiahole ditch trail, head of kahana valley, hauula forest reserve. by stream no. 18 open slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 13432 Kauai BISH 12/10/1933
6 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Halfway toward head of Punaluu Valley Among grass and banana plants near stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 4276 Oahu BISH 8/5/1931
7 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Hilo near flow of 1881, aa lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN MacDaniels, L.H. 230 Hawaii BISH 11/12/1925
8 Piper methysticum G.Forst. maunahina In Pocket terrace of abandoned system in wet, shady gulch. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN earle, e. collector number: 52 Kauai BISH 9/10/1972
9 Piper methysticum G.Forst. wailau valley, inside valley near the beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. allen, m.s. collector number: 10372 Molokai BISH 8/13/1984
10 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Beyond end of Aliumanu Rd., Kahaluu Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 24982 Oahu BISH 11/24/1958
11 Piper methysticum G.Forst. halawa valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 495 Molokai BISH 9/1/1912
12 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 266 Oahu BISH 7/14/1967
13 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Waiahole Ditch Trail, Kahana, Metrosideros woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 25294 Oahu BISH 5/2/1954
14 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Waianae Range, Waianae Kai. In subgulch, north of second to the last water tank-facility against cliff face in 45 degree slope and drier terrain. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Obata, J.K. s.n. Oahu BISH 1/22/1991
15 Piper methysticum G.Forst. hanakapiai, napali coast PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. greenwell, a. collector number: 21642 Hawaii BISH 1/17/1952
16 Piper methysticum G.Forst. near Kalapana PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 3965 Hawaii BISH 5/2/1930
17 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Waikane-Waiahole Trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Topping, D.L. 3273 Oahu BISH 1/3/1926
18 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Waianae Range, Waianae Kai. In subgulch, N of second to the last water tank-facility and against cliff In 45 degree slope and drier terrain. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Obata, J.K. s.n. Oahu BISH 1/22/1991
19 Piper methysticum G.Forst. punaula valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. fosberg, f.r. collector number: 12796 Oahu BISH 12/28/1932
20 Piper methysticum G.Forst. moanalua valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1412 Oahu BISH 12/8/1909
21 Piper methysticum G.Forst. gulle head at cliff base between puu keahiakahoe and puukahuauli PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. tate, b. collector number: 1813 Oahu BISH 11/3/1984
22 Piper methysticum G.Forst. hanakapiai; napali coast Growing on side of Kilau gulch. Growing beneath a 15' Nothocestrum tree, probably N. longifolium var. rufipilosum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 10911 Hawaii BISH 12/31/1930
23 Piper methysticum G.Forst. pahoa Common in gulches in poor soil in goat damaged Ohia-Pukiawe grassland. Growing vigorously in patches of disturbed soil much like a weed. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 8753 Molokai BISH 9/26/1929
24 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Hanakapiai; Napali Coast PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 10911 Kauai BISH 12/31/1930
25 Piper methysticum G.Forst. wailau valley, no. coast, east island PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 9627 Molokai BISH 7/3/1933
26 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Moanalua Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1412 Oahu BISH 12/8/1909
27 Piper methysticum G.Forst. ahupuaa of Halepuaa Forest Reserve in the Puna District Found growing in moderate shade. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ESP Field Crew Collector Number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 8/15/1979
28 Piper methysticum G.Forst. waianu, waiahole , in wet thicket PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. park, k.k.; salucop, f.; mcguire collector number: 11398 Oahu BISH 8/10/1937
29 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Puna, Kaneleau Pandanus thicket PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 22280 Hawaii BISH 12/22/1946
30 Piper methysticum G.Forst. waikane-waiahole trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN topping, d.l. collector number: 3273 Oahu BISH 1/3/1926
31 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Palolo, Waiomao Valley, Koolau Range, Kaau Crater Dense wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nishimoto, M. s.n. Oahu BISH 4/17/1945
32 Piper methysticum G.Forst. hanakapiai, napali coast PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 10911 Kauai BISH 12/31/1930
33 Piper methysticum G.Forst. road between Glenwood and Hilo rocky jungle PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 2073 Hawaii BISH 7/20/1926
34 Piper methysticum G.Forst. pahoa `a`a lava jungle. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 8753 Hawaii BISH 9/26/1929
35 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Lihue, Wahiawa Mts. On eastern flank along Kuia Stream In forest dominated by Metrosideros and Psidium. With Cyrtandra kealiae. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 1940 Kauai BISH 10/5/1986
36 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Waiawa Valley. Wet shady area PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bush, W. 2059 Oahu BISH 11/22/1925
37 Piper methysticum G.Forst. haena, waiahuakua valley Aleurites, Diospyros, Nestegis, Pisonia umbellifera, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Freycinetia arborea, Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Ochrosia kauaiensis, Psydrax odorata PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. query, m.; sear, d. collector number: 12974 Kauai BISH 5/8/2008
38 Piper methysticum G.Forst. east maui, hana district, haleakala national park. oheo gulch and stream. e fork of oheo stream Secondary forest dominated by Aluerites with Psidium and Pisonia. With Cordyline, Dioscorea and Psidium. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 2417 Maui BISH 10/13/1987
39 Piper methysticum G.Forst. koolau range, kahana valley ditch trail, wet forest, bottom of gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 10400 Oahu BISH 11/26/1933
40 Piper methysticum G.Forst. kapakahi, koa zone, in partly open kukui stand PRESERVED_SPECIMEN egler, f.e. collector number: 37-224 Kahoolawe BISH 7/22/1937
41 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Punaula Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 12796 Molokai BISH 12/28/1932
42 Piper methysticum G.Forst. western branch of mapulehu valley, molokai. on lichen encrusted lava flow PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 3117 Hawaii BISH 7/23/1928
43 Piper methysticum G.Forst. maunahina PRESERVED_SPECIMEN earle, e. collector number: 52 Kauai BISH 9/10/1972
44 Piper methysticum G.Forst. halfway toward head of punaluu valley Among grass and banana plants near stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 4276 Oahu BISH 8/5/1931
45 Piper methysticum G.Forst. hilo-kona road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN meebold, a. Hawaii BISH 5/1/1932
46 Piper methysticum G.Forst. mapulehu moist bank of intermittent stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 7080 Oahu BISH 2/1/1910
47 Piper methysticum G.Forst. ahupuaa of Halepuaa Forest Reserve in the Puna District Found growing in moderate shade. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ESP Field Crew s.n. Hawaii BISH 8/15/1979
48 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Ridge north of Kuapa Rd PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillespie, J.W. 1093 Oahu BISH 7/8/1927
49 Piper methysticum G.Forst. ahupuaa of Halepuaa forest Reserve in the Puna District of Hawaii Found growing in moderate shade. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ESP Field Crew Collector Number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 8/15/1979
50 Piper methysticum G.Forst. kona slope of mauna loa clearing PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 2426 Hawaii BISH 8/25/1922
51 Piper methysticum G.Forst. molokai community college farm shadehouse; potted in 1-gallon liner Waiahi south branch, north of Kamooloa, headwaters. Open wind- swept shrubland ridges dissected by drainages and patches of low forest 4-7 (-10) m tall, 90-95% cover. Metrosideros ca. 60% with 20% Cheirodendron interpersed with Psychotria, Broussaisia, Tetraplasandra, Kadua, Melicope, Perrottetia, ferns os Dicranopteris, Sticherus, Sphenomeris, Selaginella, Pneuma PRESERVED_SPECIMEN evans, m. collector number: m-53 Kauai BISH 7/6/1990
52 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Hii Mts PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 666K Kauai BISH 10/22/1916
53 Piper methysticum G.Forst. na pali coast, hanakoa valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. cabin, r. collector number: 6318 Oahu BISH 5/24/1997
54 Piper methysticum G.Forst. koolau mts., kahuku forest reservation; koloa gulch and north fork of same PRESERVED_SPECIMEN sohmer, s.h. collector number: 6628 Oahu BISH 9/2/1970
55 Piper methysticum G.Forst. honokanenui valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. greenwell, a. collector number: 21872 Hawaii BISH 2/18/1952
56 Piper methysticum G.Forst. East Maui, Hana District, Haleakala National Park. Oheo gulch and stream. E fork of Oheo stream Secondary forest dominated by Aluerites with Psidium and Pisonia. With Cordyline, Dioscorea and Psidium. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 2417 Maui BISH 10/13/1987
57 Piper methysticum G.Forst. puna, kaneleau Pandanus thicket PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. cowan, r.s. collector number: 22280 Hawaii BISH 12/22/1946
58 Piper methysticum G.Forst. between olaa and hilo in Panaewa woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 8752 Hawaii BISH 7/9/1929
59 Piper methysticum G.Forst. east maui, hana PRESERVED_SPECIMEN handy, e.s. collector number: 33-17 Maui BISH 3/10/1933
60 Piper methysticum G.Forst. east arm of kaluaaha valley, wet woods Along dry ridge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. wiebke, h. collector number: 3060 Molokai BISH 7/12/1928
61 Piper methysticum G.Forst. palolo, waiomao valley, koolau range Intermediate moist, in shallow gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nishida, t. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 12/5/1943
62 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Heeia, Haiku Valley, Waiahole Forest Reserve, wooded valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 12275 Oahu BISH 12/11/1932
63 Piper methysticum G.Forst. [no additional data] PRESERVED_SPECIMEN [no data available] 604504 ECON
64 Piper methysticum G.Forst. lawai. pacific tropical botanical garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. c. plowman & t. w. flynn 10801 A 9/10/1981
65 Piper methysticum G.Forst. puna. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 8751 CHRB 5/2/1930
66 Piper methysticum G.Forst. gulch w of ualapue, molokai rocky wet woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o.; wiebke, h. 2956 CM 6/30/1928
67 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Oahu, Honolulu; Cultivated at Lyon Arboretum in upper Manoa Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN James Henrickson 3981 LAM 7/27/1969
68 Piper methysticum G.Forst. palolo valley. In moist open clearing as if persistent after planting. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 2611 GH 2/12/1928
69 Piper methysticum G.Forst. waioli valley mauka [on the mountain side of the road] of hanalei. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 21642 GH 1/17/1952
70 Piper methysticum G.Forst. palolo valley, oahu. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 2611 LSU 2/12/1928
71 Piper methysticum G.Forst. between opihikao & pahoa. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 31523 LD 2/26/1968
72 Piper methysticum G.Forst. koolau mts., kuhuku forest res., koloa gulch and north fork of same. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN sohmer, s.h. 6628 LSU 9/2/1970
73 Piper methysticum G.Forst. gully head at cliff base between pu'u keahiakahoe and pu'ukahuauli PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. n. takeuchi & b. tate 1813 MICH 8/30/1984
74 Piper methysticum G.Forst. KAUAI: Kawaihau District. Hawaii Agriculture Experiment Station, Kauai Branch Station. Hwy 58 in Wailua Homesteads. Cultivated plants. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 3360 Kauai PTBG 5/5/1989
75 Piper methysticum G.Forst. puna district, ca. 10km se of pahoa, at shawn laba's huliaule'a bed & breakfast PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. r. annable 3057 MIN 10/6/1996
76 Piper methysticum G.Forst. mapulehu gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 7080 NY 4/30/1910
77 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Puna District, ca. 10km SE of Pahoa, at Shawn Laba's Huliaule'a Bed & Breakfast Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3057 NY 10/6/1996
78 Piper methysticum G.Forst. honokanenui [honokāne nui] valley. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 21872 O 2/18/1952
79 Piper methysticum G.Forst. wailau valley n crest e of molokai wet lower forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f.r. fosberg 9627 PH 7/3/1933
80 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Limahuli Garden. Cultivated plant. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nicole Shores 88 Kauai PTBG 12/5/2012
81 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Limahuli Garden. Cultivated plant PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nicole Shores 74 Kauai PTBG 8/28/2012
82 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Limahuli Garden. Cultivated plant. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nicole Shores 84 Kauai PTBG 12/5/2012
83 Piper methysticum G.Forst. KAUAI: Kawaihau District. Hawaii Agriculture Experiment Station, Kauai Branch Station. Hwy 58 in Wailua Homesteads. Cultivated plants. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 3362 Kauai PTBG 5/5/1989
84 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Limahuli Garden. Cultivated plant. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nicole Shores 85 Kauai PTBG 12/5/2012
85 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Limahuli Garden. Cultivated plant. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nicole Shores 89 Kauai PTBG 12/5/2012
86 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Limahuli Garden. Cultivated plant. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nicole Shores 86 Kauai PTBG 12/5/2012
87 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Limahuli Garden. Cultivated plant. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nicole Shores 87 Kauai PTBG 12/5/2012
88 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Limahuli Garden. Cultivated plant. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nicole Shores 90 Kauai PTBG 12/5/2012
89 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Limahuli Garden. Cultivated plant PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nicole Shores 72 Kauai PTBG 8/28/2012
90 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Limahuli Garden. Cultivated plant PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nicole Shores 73 Kauai PTBG 8/28/2012
91 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Limahuli Garden. Cultivated plant. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nicole Shores 83 Kauai PTBG 12/5/2012
92 Piper methysticum G.Forst. KAUAI: Kawaihau District. Hawaii Agriculture Experiment Station, Kauai Branch Station. Hwy 58 in Wailua Homesteads. Cultivated plants. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 3361 Kauai PTBG 5/5/1989
93 Piper methysticum G.Forst. KAUAI: Kawaihau District. Hawaii Agriculture Experiment Station, Kauai Branch Station. Hwy 58 in Wailua Homesteads. Cultivated plants. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 3364 Kauai PTBG 5/5/1989
94 Piper methysticum G.Forst. KAUAI: Kawaihau District. Hawaii Agriculture Experiment Station, Kauai Branch Station. Hwy 58 in Wailua Homesteads. Cultivated plants. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 3363 Kauai PTBG 5/5/1989
95 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Limahuli Garden. Cultivated plant. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nicole Shores 75 Kauai PTBG 8/28/2012
96 Piper methysticum G.Forst. National Tropical Botanical Garden in Lawai Valley. McBryde Garden, Canoe Garden on E side of Lawai Stream. Cultivated area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 10723 Kauai PTBG 11/9/2017
97 Piper methysticum G.Forst. KAUAI: Wainiha, below Pali Ele'ele, narrow carved drainage strewn with boulders, to north of Ele'ele. Relic Metrosideros-Acacia-Dicranopteris lowland wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 7296 Kauai PTBG 4/29/1998
98 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Limahuli Garden Cultivated plant PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nicole Shores 76 Kauai PTBG 8/28/2012
99 Piper methysticum G.Forst. MAUI: Hana District. Kalahu Point. PTBG Kahanu Garden. Elev. 0-50 ft. Cultivated area for native plants along margin of Pandanus forest east of Piilanihale Heiau. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 2595 Maui PTBG 11/10/1987
100 Piper methysticum G.Forst. KAUAI: Kawaihau District. Kealia Forest Reserve. Along Anahola Stream from the Upper Anahola Ditch intake to the first waterfall. Elev. 880-900 ft. Metrosideros dominated forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 3263 Kauai PTBG 1/4/1989
101 Piper methysticum G.Forst. KAUAI: Kealia Forest Reserve, along Makaleha Steam. In weedy mucky area along stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1346 Kauai PTBG 11/1/1985
102 Piper methysticum G.Forst. MAUI: W. Maui, Lahaina District, Honokohau Valley. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H40212 Maui PTBG 4/26/2002
103 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Limahuli Garden and Preserve, in Limahuli Valley; lower preserve at base of Limahuli Falls, elevation 800 ft. Degraded Metrosideros polymorpha wet forest invaded by Schefflera actinophylla, Psidium spp., Clidemia hirta and other alien spp. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 7950 Kauai PTBG 2/6/1997
104 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Lyon Arboretum. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 676 Oahu US 10/25/1967
105 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Waiahuakua Valley. Aleurites non-native forest associated with mesic Diospyros-Nestegis relic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 12162 Kauai PTBG 9/24/2006
106 Piper methysticum G.Forst. OAHU: Wailupe; past Laulaupoe to unnamed gulch; up through Araucaria grove and along stream; head NE up through forest slope at 800 ft; Charpentiera, Psychotria, Cyrtandra, Cyanea Rollandia crispa, Acacia koa, Pipturus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 3774 Oahu PTBG 11/17/1994
107 Piper methysticum G.Forst. MAUI: Hana District. Haleakala National Park. `Ohe`o gulch and stream. Elev. 200-800 ft. East fork of `Ohe`o stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 2417 Maui PTBG 10/13/1987
108 Piper methysticum G.Forst. KAUAI: Wainiha, below Pali Ele'ele, narrow carved drainage strewn with boulders, to north of Ele'ele. Relic Metrosideros-Acacia-Dicranopteris lowland wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 7292 Kauai PTBG 4/29/1998
109 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Waiahuakua Valley. Aleurites non-native forest associated with mesic Diospyros-Nestegis relic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 12974 Kauai PTBG 5/8/2008
110 Piper methysticum G.Forst. KAUAI: Na Pali coast, Hanakoa valley. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 6318 Kauai PTBG 5/24/1997
111 Piper methysticum G.Forst. KAUAI: Kawaihau District, Lihue-Koloa Forest Reserve; along unnamed tributary of North Fork Wailua River; Elev. 1400-1950 ft. Metrosideros dominated wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 4797 Kauai PTBG 9/4/1991
112 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Honolulu, B.P. Bishop Museum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Yuncker, T. G. 3134 Oahu US 10/3/1932
113 Piper methysticum G.Forst. KAUAI: Lihue District. Wahiawa Mtns. On eastern flank along Kuia Stream. In forest dominated by Metrosideros and Psidium. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1940 Kauai PTBG 10/5/1986
114 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Stream gulch off left side of Hanakapiai Stream right before you get to the waterfall, near bases of vertical cliff walls. Growing in flattish areas above stream gulch, in association with Hibiscus waimeae subsp. hannerae. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Susan M. Deans SMD123 Kauai PTBG 4/1/2016
115 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Ridge N of Kuapa Pond PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillespie, J. W. 1093 Oahu US 1927-00-00
116 Piper methysticum G.Forst. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john & -. hosaka 20149 Oahu US
117 Piper methysticum G.Forst. near roadside on way to kalapana, puna Open forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. g. yuncker 3431 Kauai US 3/12/1933
118 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Honokanenui Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Greenwell, A. B. 21872 Hawaii US 2/18/1952
119 Piper methysticum G.Forst. wainiha PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. handy s.n. Kauai US 7/23/1931
120 Piper methysticum G.Forst. near roadside on way to kalapana, puna dist. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. g. yuncker 3431 Hawaii US 3/12/1933
121 Piper methysticum G.Forst. koolau mts, kuhuku forest res, koloa gulch and n fork of same PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. h. sohmer 6628 Hawaii US 9/2/1970
122 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Hanalei Dist., Halelea Forest Reserve, Wainiha Valley, jeep road up W side of river, between powerhouse and dam PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lammers, T. G.; Wood, K. R. 8175 Kauai US 6/6/1991
123 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Road between Glenwood and Hilo Rocky jungle PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Wiebke, H. s.n. Hawaii US 7/20/2026
124 Piper methysticum G.Forst. ridge n of kuapa pond PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. w. gillespie 1093 Oahu US 7/8/1927
125 Piper methysticum G.Forst. koolauloa dist., waiahole for res, koolau mts., hidden valley mauka of kaaawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. g. lammers & c. imada 8094 Oahu US 5/27/1991
126 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Wainiha PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Handy, E. S. s.n. Kauai US 1931-00-00
127 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Near roadside on way to Kalapana, Puna PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Yuncker, T. G. 3431 Hawaii US 3/12/1933
128 Piper methysticum G.Forst. wailau valley, n coast, e molokai Wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 9627 Kauai US 7/3/1933
129 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Haena PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Handy, E. S. s.n. Kauai US 1931-00-00
130 Piper methysticum G.Forst. honokanenui valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & a. b. greenwell 21872 Hawaii US 2/18/1952
131 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Koolau Mts, Kuhuku Forest Res, Koloa Gulch and N fork of same PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Sohmer, S. H. 6628 Hawaii US 9/2/1970
132 Piper methysticum G.Forst. haena PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. handy s.n. Kauai US 7/23/1931
133 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Western branch of Mapulehu Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Collector unknown s.n. Molokai US 7/23/2028
134 Piper methysticum G.Forst. lyon arboretum. cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 676 Oahu US 10/25/1967
135 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Along trail in Hidden Valley above Swanzy park in Hauula, Koolauloa, Koolau Mts. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Teraoka, W.; Nagata, K.; Whiteaker, L.; Silva, B. 369 Oahu US 10/9/1980
136 Piper methysticum G.Forst. [no additional data] PRESERVED_SPECIMEN b. c. seemann 1709 Maui US
137 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Wailau Valley, N Coast, E Molokai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F. R. 9627 Molokai US 1933-00-00
138 Piper methysticum G.Forst. moanalua valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 1412 Oahu US 12/8/1909
139 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Near roadside on way to Kalapana, Puna Dist. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Yuncker, T. G. 3431 Hawaii US 3/12/1933
140 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Punaula Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H.; Baker, R. J.; Coulter, J. W.; Fosberg, F. R. 12796 Molokai US 12/28/1932
141 Piper methysticum G.Forst. punaula valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john, r. j. baker, j. w. coulter & f. r. fosberg 12796 Molokai US 12/28/1932
142 Piper methysticum G.Forst. holawa valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 495.mo Molokai US
143 Piper methysticum G.Forst. hanalei dist., halelea forest reserve, wainiha valley, jeep road up w side of river, between powerhouse and dam PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. g. lammers & k. r. wood 8175 Kauai US 6/6/1991
144 Piper methysticum G.Forst. along trail in hidden valley above swanzy park in hauula, koolauloa, koolau mts. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. teraoka, k. nagata, l. whiteaker & b. silva 369 Oahu US 10/9/1980
145 Piper methysticum G.Forst. punahou area, 1950 manoa rd PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lau, j. collector number: 1410 Kauai US 9/10/1985
146 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Koolauloa Dist., Waiahole For Res, Koolau Mts., Hidden Valley mauka of Kaaawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lammers, T. G.; Imada, C. T. 8094 Oahu US 5/27/1991
147 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Holawa Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 495.Mo Molokai US 9/12/2020
148 Piper methysticum G.Forst. kapoho, 1 mi n of kaimu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john, r. bean & e. y. hosaka 11238 Hawaii US 12/21/1931
149 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Moanalua Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 1412 Oahu US 1909-00-00
150 Piper methysticum G.Forst. pahoa. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 8753 YPM 9/26/1929
151 Piper methysticum G.Forst. koolau mts., kuhuku forest res. koloa gulch and north fork of same Shrubby ridge below rain-forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. h. sohmer 6628 WIS 9/2/1970
152 Piper methysticum G.Forst. east arm of kaluaaha valley, molokai. Mt. ravines, shaded ground PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 3060 YPM 7/12/1928
153 Piper methysticum G.Forst. waikolu stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. cottam, e.; hudson, c.; lane, i.; magulles, j. collector number: 23459 Molokai BISH 12/22/1948
154 Piper methysticum G.Forst. western branch of mapulehu valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN collector unknown s.n. Maui US 7/23/1928
155 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Lyon Arboretum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 676 Oahu BISH 10/25/1967
156 Piper methysticum G.Forst. wailau valley, malama, in small stream bed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. allen, m.s. collector number: 10378 Molokai BISH 8/14/1984
157 Piper methysticum G.Forst. road between glenwood and hilo Rocky jungle PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & h. wiebke Hawaii US 7/20/1926
158 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Kapoho, 1 mi N of Kaimu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H.; Bean, R. S.; Hosaka, E. Y. 11238 Hawaii US 12/21/1931
159 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Lower woods, Waikane-Schofield Trail, Waikane PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 11092 Oahu BISH 5/10/1931
160 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Na Pali coast, Hanakoa valley Hedyotis cookiana, Thelypteris, Psidium guajava, Carex meyenii, Blechnum occidentale, Kalanchoe pinnata, Boehmeria grandis, Peperomia, Eragrostis variabilis, Rubus rosifolius, Pluchea, Setaria gracilis PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 6318 Kauai BISH 5/24/1997
161 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Waikolu Stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 23459 Molokai BISH 12/22/1948
162 Piper methysticum G.Forst. western branch of mapuleku valley, molokai Wet woods. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, otto 3117 CAS 7/10/1928
163 Piper methysticum G.Forst. East Maui, Mountains back of Hana PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Titcomb, M. s.n. Maui BISH 8/5/1933
164 Piper methysticum G.Forst. mapulehu valley, walls of rocky gorge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. baker, r.j.; coulter, j.w.; yuncker, t.g. collector number: 12751 Molokai BISH 12/28/1932
165 Piper methysticum G.Forst. road between glenwood and hilo rocky jungle PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. wiebke, h. collector number: 2073 Hawaii BISH 7/20/1926
166 Piper methysticum G.Forst. puna. ca 10km se of pahoa at shawn laba's huliaulea bed & breakfast shaded rock PRESERVED_SPECIMEN annable, c.r. collector number: 3057 Oahu BISH 10/6/1996
167 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Wailau Valley, inside valley near the beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 10372 Molokai BISH 8/13/1984
168 Piper methysticum G.Forst. lower woods, waikane-schofield trail, waikane PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 11092 Oahu BISH 5/10/1931
169 Piper methysticum G.Forst. bishop museum ground PRESERVED_SPECIMEN bryan jr., e.h. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 10/30/1934
170 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Gulle head at cliff base between Puu Keahiakahoe and Puukahuauli Slopes consisting of talus rubble, under kukui canopy. Local concentration growing by Cyrtandra coll. Koolau 380, field no. Koolau 383c. PRC 885 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. 1813 Oahu BISH 11/3/1984
171 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Hanakapiai, Napali Coast PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 21642 Kauai BISH 1/17/1952
172 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Remy, M.J. 190 Oahu BISH 1855-00-00
173 Piper methysticum G.Forst. waiawa valley. wet shady area PRESERVED_SPECIMEN bush, w. collector number: 2059 Oahu BISH 11/22/1925
174 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Hanakoa Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B.C. 1496 Kauai BISH 12/26/1956
175 Piper methysticum G.Forst. wailau valley, north coast, east molokai Wet lower forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f. r. 9627 CAS 7/10/1933
176 Piper methysticum G.Forst. haena PRESERVED_SPECIMEN handy, e.s. collector number: s.n. Kauai BISH 7/23/1931
177 Piper methysticum G.Forst. punaula valley, molokai In rocky, wooded valley. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st. john, h.; fosberg, f. r. 12796 CAS 12/10/1932
178 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Maunahina In Pocket terrace of abandoned system in wet, shady gulch. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Earle, E. 52 Kauai BISH 9/10/1972
179 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Punahou area, 1950 Manoa Rd PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 1410 Oahu BISH 9/10/1985
180 Piper methysticum G.Forst. palolo valley, kaau crater trail, koolau range, oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kruckeberg, arthur r. 262 CAS 3/10/1945
181 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Halawa Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 495 Molokai BISH 9/1/1912
182 Piper methysticum G.Forst. oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN remy, m.j. collector number: 190 Oahu BISH 1855-04-01
183 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Wainiha PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Handy, E.S. s.n. Kauai BISH 7/23/1931
184 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Between Olaa and Hilo in Panaewa woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8752 Hawaii BISH 7/9/1929
185 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Kona slope of Mauna Loa clearing PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 2426 Hawaii BISH 8/25/1922
186 Piper methysticum G.Forst. waiahole dtich trail, koolau mts. side gully by flume #26 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stone, b.c. collector number: 1248 Oahu BISH 4/29/1956
187 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Handy, E.S. s.n. Hawaii BISH 8/3/1931
188 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Private garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Funk, E.J. 920005 Lanai BISH 1/26/1992
189 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Wailupe PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kondo, Y. s.n. Oahu BISH 6/23/1951
190 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Koolau Range, Kahana Valley Ditch Trail, wet forest, bottom of gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 10400 Oahu BISH 11/26/1933
191 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Palolo, Waiomao Valley, Koolau Range Intermediate moist, in shallow gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nishida, T. s.n. Oahu BISH 12/5/1943
192 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Remy, M.J. 190 Oahu BISH 1/27/1905
193 Piper methysticum G.Forst. honolulu, b.p. bishop museum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. g. yuncker 3134 BISH 10/3/1932
194 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Puna wet aa lava forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8751 Hawaii BISH 5/2/1930
195 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Hanakapiai, Napali Coast PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 10911 Kauai BISH 12/31/1930
196 Piper methysticum G.Forst. magoon facility, university of hawaii at manoa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN dragull, k. collector number: 1 Oahu BISH 1/25/2003
197 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Molokai Community College farm shadehouse; potted in 1-gallon liner PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Evans, M. M-53 Molokai BISH 7/6/1990
198 Piper methysticum G.Forst. near kalapana PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. brumaghim, e.; itta, y.h. collector number: 3965 Hawaii BISH 5/2/1930
199 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Kapakahi, koa zone, in partly open kukui stand PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Egler, F.E. 37-224 Oahu BISH 7/22/1937
200 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Waiahole Valley, intermittent streambed between Waianu and Uwau streams In dense Clidemia, very common in side gullies between the above 2 streams. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. 1874 Oahu BISH 12/2/1984
201 Piper methysticum G.Forst. kapoho, 1 mile n of kaimu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. bean, r.s.; hosaka, e.y. collector number: 11238 Hawaii BISH 12/21/1931
202 Piper methysticum G.Forst. mapulehu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 7080 Molokai BISH 2/1/1910
203 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Bishop Museum Ground PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bryan Jr., E.H. s.n. Oahu BISH 10/30/1934
204 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Haena PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Handy, E.S. s.n. Kauai BISH 7/23/1931
205 Piper methysticum G.Forst. east maui, hana district, kalahu point, ptbg kahanu garden Area for native plants along margin of Pandanus forest east of Pi`ilanihale Heiau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. boetger, b. collector number: 2595 Maui BISH 11/10/1987
206 Piper methysticum G.Forst. gully head at cliff base between puu keahiakakoe and puukahuauli. local concentration growing by cyrtandra collection koolaum 380 On slope consisting of talus rubble, under kukui canopy. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. tate, b. collector number: 1813 Oahu BISH 11/3/1984
207 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Waiahole Dtich Trail, Koolau Mts. Side gully by flume #26 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B.C. 1248 Oahu BISH 4/29/1956
208 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Koolau Range, Waiahole trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Chock, A.K. 212 Oahu BISH 4/1/1951
209 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Wailau Valley, Malama, in small stream bed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 10378 Molokai BISH 8/14/1984
210 Piper methysticum G.Forst. western branch of mapulehu valley, wet woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 3117 Molokai BISH 7/23/1928
211 Piper methysticum G.Forst. lyon arboretum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 676 Oahu BISH 10/25/1967
212 Piper methysticum G.Forst. waiahole dtich trail, koolau mts. side gully by flume #26 Flat ground. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stone, b.c. collector number: 1248 Oahu BISH 4/29/1956
213 Piper methysticum G.Forst. lihue, wahiawa mts. on eastern flank along kuia stream In forest dominated by Metrosideros and Psidium. With Cyrtandra kealiae. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. bergau, m.; koob, g. collector number: 1940 Kauai BISH 10/5/1986
214 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Haena, Waiahuakua Valley Aleurites, Diospyros, Nestegis, Pisonia umbellifera, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Freycinetia arborea, Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Ochrosia kauaiensis, Psydrax odorata PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 12974 Kauai BISH 5/8/2008
215 Piper methysticum G.Forst. waianae range, waianae kai. in subgulch, north of second to the last water tank-facility against cliff face in 45 degree slope and drier terrain. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN obata, j.k. fenstemacher, r. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 1/22/1991
216 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Palolo Valley In moist cl;earing as if persistent after planting PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 2611 Oahu BISH 2/12/1928
217 Piper methysticum G.Forst. east maui, mountains back of hana PRESERVED_SPECIMEN titcomb, m. collector number: s.n. Maui BISH 8/5/1933
218 Piper methysticum G.Forst. EAst arm of Kaluaaha Valley, wet woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 3060 Molokai BISH 7/12/1928
219 Piper methysticum G.Forst. ahupuaa of halepuaa forest reserve in the puna district of hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN esp field crew collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 8/15/1979
220 Piper methysticum G.Forst. ridge north of kuapa rd Near dry cave, Partly shaded ledgess PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gillespie, j.w. collector number: 1093 Kauai BISH 7/8/1927
221 Piper methysticum G.Forst. wooded valley, haiku valley, waiahole forest reserve, heeia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 12275 Oahu BISH 12/11/1932
222 Piper methysticum G.Forst. hilo near flow of 1881, aa lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN macdaniels, l.h. collector number: 230 Hawaii BISH 11/12/1925
223 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Honokanenui Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 21872 Hawaii BISH 2/18/1952
224 Piper methysticum G.Forst. waiahole ditch trail, kahana valley, near intake tunnel in rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN yoshioka, t. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 12/10/1933
225 Piper methysticum G.Forst. kona Growing in grove. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN handy, e.s. Oahu BISH 8/3/1931
226 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Mapulehu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 7080 Molokai BISH 2/1/1910
227 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Koolau Mts., Kahuku Forest Reservation; Koloa Gulch and north fork of same PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Sohmer, S.H. 6628 Oahu BISH 9/2/1970
228 Piper methysticum G.Forst. hii mts PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 666k Kauai BISH 10/22/1916
229 Piper methysticum G.Forst. oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 266 Oahu BISH 7/14/1967
230 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Pahoa aa lava, jungle PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8753 Hawaii BISH 9/26/1929
231 Piper methysticum G.Forst. ahupuaa of halepuaa forest reserve in the puna district On side of rd. Associated vegetation: Tragus, Cenchrus ciliaris, Erythrina sandwicense. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN esp field crew collector number: s.n. Maui BISH 8/15/1979
232 Piper methysticum G.Forst. waiahole ditch trail, kahana, metrosideros woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 25294 Oahu BISH 5/2/1954
233 Piper methysticum G.Forst. beyond end of aliumanu rd., kahaluu valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 24982 Maui BISH 11/24/1958
234 Piper methysticum G.Forst. North Halawa Valley; above BM Site # 50-0a-B1-96 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Woodward, L. 11 Oahu BISH 12/14/1992
235 Piper methysticum G.Forst. waiahole valley, intermittent streambed between waianu and uwau streams PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. et al. collector number: 1874 Hawaii BISH 12/2/1984
236 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Magoon Facility, University of Hawaii at Manoa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Dragull, K. 1 Oahu BISH 1/25/2003
237 Piper methysticum G.Forst. ahupuaa of Halepuaa forest Reserve in the Puna District of Hawaii Found growing in moderate shade. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ESP Field Crew s.n. Hawaii BISH 8/15/1979
238 Piper methysticum G.Forst. waianae range, waianae kai. in subgulch, n of second to the last water tank-facility and against cliff In 45 degree slope and drier terrain. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN obata, j.k. fenstemacher, r. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 1/22/1991
239 Piper methysticum G.Forst. palolo valley cultivated from wild state PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 2611 Oahu BISH 2/12/1928
240 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Puna. Ca 10km SE of Pahoa at Shawn Laba's Huliaulea Bed & Breakfast Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Annable, C.R. 3057 Hawaii BISH 10/6/1996
241 Piper methysticum G.Forst. East Maui, Hana PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Handy, E.S. 33-17 Maui BISH 3/10/1933
242 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Wailau Valley, No. coast, east island PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 9627 Molokai BISH 7/3/1933
243 Piper methysticum G.Forst. koolau range, waiahole trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN chock, a.k. collector number: 212 Oahu BISH 4/1/1951
244 Piper methysticum G.Forst. gulch west of ualapue, rocky wet woods Probably a mixture; under sprinkler system on oyster tray PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. wiebke, h. collector number: 2956 Oahu BISH 6/30/1928
245 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Kapoho, 1 mile N of Kaimu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 11238 Hawaii BISH 12/21/1931
246 Piper methysticum G.Forst. oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN remy, m.j. collector number: 190 Oahu BISH 1854-01-01
247 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Western branch of Mapulehu Valley, wet woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 3117 Molokai BISH 7/23/1928
248 Piper methysticum G.Forst. puna PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. nitta, y.; brumaghim, e. collector number: 8751 Oahu BISH 5/2/1930
249 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Gulch west of Ualapue, rocky wet woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 2956 Molokai BISH 6/30/1928
250 Piper methysticum G.Forst. heeia, haiku valley, waiahole forest reserve, wooded valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 12275 Oahu BISH 12/11/1932
251 Piper methysticum G.Forst. north halawa valley; above bm site # 50-0a-b1-96 Aleurites gallery forest along intermittent streambed. On moist, shaded rocks. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN woodward, l. collector number: 11 Oahu BISH 12/14/1992
252 Piper methysticum G.Forst. palolo, waiomao valley, koolau range, kaau crater Dense wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nishimoto, m. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 4/17/1945
253 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Pahoa `a`a lava jungle. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8753 Hawaii BISH 9/26/1929
254 Piper methysticum G.Forst. private garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN funk, e.j. collector number: 920005 Lanai BISH 1/26/1992
255 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Waiahole Ditch Trail, Kahana Valley, near intake tunnel in rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Yoshioka, T. s.n. Oahu BISH 12/10/1933
256 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Waianu, Waiahole , in wet thicket PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 11398 Oahu BISH 8/10/1937
257 Piper methysticum G.Forst. Puna. Ca 10km SE of Pahoa at Shawn Laba's Huliaulea Bed & Breakfast Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Annable, C.R. Collector Number: 3057 Hawaii BISH 10/6/1996
258 Piper methysticum G.Forst. ahupuaa of Halepuaa forest Reserve in the Puna District of Hawaii Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3057 Hawaii HAPI 10/6/1996
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