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Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata

(Hillebr.) T.Koyama (1964)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: Fimbristylis

mau‘u ‘aki‘aki

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennials with short rhizomes.

Stems: culms densely tufted, stiffly erect, obtusely trigonous, 5–60 cm tall, 1–2 mm in diameter.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. alternate Blades subcoriaceous, linear, much shorter than culms, 1–4 mm wide, spreading to recurved, flat or margins weakly recurved. Apex abruptly contracted and obtuse. Margins entire. Sheathing; sheaths persistent, thickly clothing the culm bases, ventrally membranous, dorsally eventually becoming dusky brown to dark brown; ligule absent. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences condensed, headlike, and 0.7–2 cm in diameter, sometimes bearing 2–3 additional smaller heads up to 1.5 cm in diameter; rays, when present, 1–2 cm long involucral bracts 1–3, usually shorter than inflorescence; spikelets solitary to clustered, rusty brown or somewhat grayish brown, oblong– ellipsoid to oblong–ovoid, 3–6 mm long, 1.5–2.5 mm wide, apex obtuse; glumes rusty brown, margins broadly white–hyaline, membranous, ovate to broadly ovate, 1–1.3 mm long, obtuse, 3– nerved or 5–nerved. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens 3. Ovary superior; styles scarcely flattened, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous, not fimbriate; stigmas usually 3.

Fruit: Achenes dark brown to grayish brown; nearly smooth; broadly obovoid; trigonous to somewhat biconvex; 0.7–1 mm long. Seeds 1; seed coat thin; free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant.

Ploidy: 2n = 10; 28*; 40; 48*

Habitat: Coastal areas.

Elevation Range: 0–60 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous

Island Status

Mokupāpapa (Kure atoll) Indigenous
Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Indigenous
Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) Indigenous
Kaua'i Indigenous
O'ahu Indigenous
Molokai Indigenous
Kamole(Laysan Island) Indigenous
Lana'i Indigenous
Maui Indigenous
Hawai'i Indigenous

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Micronesica 1: 82 (1964)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1405 (Ku, Mi, La, Ni, K, O, Mo, L, M, H [as F. c. subsp. umbellato-capitata]); Wood & LeGrande 2006:23 (Le†, 2002); Hobdy 88 BISH (K†, 1969); IPNI 2025 (spelling change to umbellatocapitata)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Turf in sand above beach at Kailua Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 9951 Oahu BISH 1929-10-27
2 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Waiehu sand hills Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 260 Maui BISH 1971-08-07
3 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata East Maui, Haleakala National Park, Kipahulu Valley, Oheo Stream Plants growing on rocks and soil next to stream mouth. Vegetation: Pandanus and Scaevola. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 5747 Maui BISH 1977-05-01
4 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Coral plains below Ewa and Sisal Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2351 Oahu BISH 1916-03-14
5 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Beach north of Makapuu Head Preserved_Specimen Wilbur, R.L. 514 Oahu BISH 1948-03-14
6 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Lehua Rock Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 7 Lehua Rock BISH 1931-04-18
7 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Punaluu, at beach Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6310 Oahu BISH 1970-01-07
8 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Hulu Islet Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 5040432 Maui BISH 2005-04-04
9 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata East Maui, Waianapanapa State Park coast line Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1315 Maui BISH 1982-03-26
10 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Chain of Craters Road 50 yds. from sea cliffs Preserved_Specimen Gehring, P. 3005 Hawaii BISH 1966-01-01
11 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Hauula Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2366 Oahu BISH 1916-06-01
12 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Waimanalo, roadside near beach Preserved_Specimen Erect sedge ±10 cm. high. Bryan Jr., E.H. 1024 Oahu BISH 1935-10-13
13 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Koko Crater Rocky slope in gully, close to ocean, freshwater seepage. Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1931-01-18
14 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Halona Point On beds of laminated tufa. Growing with Lipochaeta integrifolia. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 41 Oahu BISH 1984-01-02
15 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Tip of Laniloa Point, a sandy calcareous point in ocean 0.5 mi east of Laie Bare rock with Heliotropium and Fimbristylis cushions, Cynodon dactylon, and occasional shrubs. Preserved_Specimen Iltis, H.H. 397 Oahu BISH 1967-07-30
16 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Punaluu, at beach Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6309 Oahu BISH 1970-01-07
17 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Kahuku, near beach Preserved_Specimen Plants luxuriant after rainy season. Bishop, B. Oahu BISH 1963-06-02
18 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Southeast slopes of Koko Crater, just above Kalaniana'ola Hwy, near Halona Point in small gulch Preserved_Specimen not on sheet Ziegler, M.F. Oahu BISH 1987-04-25
19 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Diamond Hill, inside the crater Preserved_Specimen Bryan, W.A. Oahu BISH 1903-12-06
20 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Laysan Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 9055 Laysan Island BISH 1988-06-19
21 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Limestone Point Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 260 Lanai BISH 1913-12-13
22 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Waialua Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8757 Oahu BISH 1911-05-21
23 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Limestone Point Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 260 Lanai BISH 1913-12-13
24 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata S Kona, Manuka bay and surrounding areas Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 777 Hawaii BISH 1977-07-01
25 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata East coast, sandy beach at Castle's place Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 1104 Oahu BISH 1922-08-16
26 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Coral plain below Ewa and Sisal Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2942 Oahu BISH 1916-03-14
27 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Kapapa Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 5041840 Oahu BISH 2005-04-18
28 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Kalaeokailio Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 14021 Molokai BISH 1918-05-24
29 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Mahaulepu coral plain, near beach Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 88 Kauai BISH 1969-01-25
30 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Kaohikaipu Islet, Makapuu Point Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 4070 Oahu BISH 1967-08-10
31 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata West Maui, Kahakuloa, Hulu Island Preserved_Specimen Kepler, A.K. 40 Maui BISH 1981-08-20
32 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata E Maui District, Keopuka Rock, off the N coast of E Maui Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1397 Maui BISH 1982-05-16
33 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Lehua Rock Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 29 Lehua Rock BISH 1931-04-19
34 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Koko Head Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2419 Oahu BISH 1917-02-16
35 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Malaekahana on beach Preserved_Specimen Cowan, R.S. 404 Oahu BISH 1946-12-01
36 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Limestone Point Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 416 Lanai BISH 1929-04-24
37 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Keawanui Bay, rocky coast along windward side of island On degraded volcanics in lava pockets, growing about 10 m. from 5710. Preserved_Specimen Clumped perennial herb Wagner, W.L. 5717 Molokai BISH 1987-07-30
38 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Kawailoalele Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Oahu BISH 1912-01-01
39 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Kahuku Preserved_Specimen Cooke, C.M. Oahu BISH 1916-08-01
40 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Islet off Malaekahana-Mokuauia Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1938-06-19
41 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Kawailoalele Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Oahu BISH 1912-01-01
42 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Off Laie Point Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1938-08-02
43 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Kailua, at beach Preserved_Specimen Wilder, G.P. Oahu BISH 1930-11-11
44 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Popoia, small island near Kailua Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Oahu BISH 1915-11-01
45 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Mokulua islets. Off Lanikai Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1936-06-14
46 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Green Island Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. Kure Atoll BISH 1979-01-04
47 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Green Beach Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Hawaii BISH 1954-12-21
48 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Laysan Preserved_Specimen Beardsley, J.W. Laysan Island BISH 1962-06-15
49 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Mokolii Preserved_Specimen Rogers, D.P. Oahu BISH 1947-05-17
50 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Kaena Point Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. Oahu BISH 1930-12-14
51 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Kaohikaipu Islet, Makapuu Point Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 4095 Oahu BISH 1967-08-10
52 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Kalalau, coastal cliff above boulder bearch, NE of river and heiau Coastal strand vegetation W/Scaevola sericea, Artemisia australis, Ischaemum byrone, Lysimachia mauritiana, Pilea peploides, Adiantum capillus-veneris. Preserved_Specimen In seeps along coastal strand. Wood, K.R. 13325 Kauai BISH 2008-10-03
53 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Moomomi, Kaluakoi On headland. Preserved_Specimen Tufts. St.John, H. 19968 Molokai BISH 1939-01-03
54 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata East Molokai, north coast, Kaholaiki Bay Growing on east side on rocky ledges. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2175 Molokai BISH 1984-08-27
55 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata East Maui, Hana District, Kalahu Point, PTBG Kahanu Garden Along coast on lava flats subject to salt spray and saltwater inundation. With Bacopa and Sesuvium. Preserved_Specimen Tufted herb. Leaves stiff, greyish-green. Flynn, T.W. 2388 Maui BISH 1987-10-06
56 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Northwest corner of island In Scaevola association above beach. Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 1677 Laysan Island BISH 1961-09-05
57 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Kau, Kilauea Volcano desert Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12579 Hawaii BISH 1915-07-01
58 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Poooneone Thicket near beach. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22744 Niihau BISH 1947-08-12
59 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Mokuauia Island, northeast windward portion of island Common in thin soil of potholes with Boerhavia. Preserved_Specimen Long, C.R. 1746 Oahu BISH 1964-05-16
60 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata South Point, Kalae, near lighthouse in crevices of rocks wet by salt spray Preserved_Specimen densely caespitose Fosberg, F.R. 39285 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-04
61 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata South Point, Kalae, near lighthouse in crevices of rocks wet by salt spray Preserved_Specimen densely caespitose Fosberg, F.R. 39288 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-04
62 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Green Beach, Kau cinder slope Preserved_Specimen tufts, up to 7 dm. diam. St.John, H. 25383 Hawaii BISH 1954-12-21
63 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Puu Koae, Kahahkuloa seaward declivity Preserved_Specimen heads brown St.John, H. 24723 Maui BISH 1951-12-23
64 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Northwest part of the island Growing on inner side of the bunchgrass association. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6511 Laysan Island BISH 1980-07-13
65 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Honolulu Distr., Koko Head Small clumps on slope facing Hanauma Bay. Preserved_Specimen Indigenous. Bruegmann, M.M. 140 Oahu BISH 1984-01-29
66 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Kupauhau seashore Preserved_Specimen Indigenous. Krajina, V.J. 66062787 Hawaii BISH 1966-06-27
67 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Slopes of Ulupau Head In semi-open spots, in thick scrub of Leucaena and Casuarina. Preserved_Specimen Tufted, leaves stiff, culms ascending to erect. Fosberg, F.R. 58835 Oahu BISH 1978-12-10
68 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Sandy slopes of lagoon on west side Associated with Eragrostis and Boerhavia. Preserved_Specimen Long, C.R. 2363 Laysan Island BISH 1964-09-19
69 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata East Maui, Hana Distr., coastal pasturelands southeast of Kauiki from Kaihalulu Bay to Ka Iwi O Pele Common along high tide mark. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2530 Maui BISH 1987-10-22
70 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Kau, below Volcano desert Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12755 Hawaii BISH 1914-12-01
71 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Kapapa Islet, Kaneohe Bay Raised coral reef with shallow, sandy soil. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6121 Oahu BISH 1978-05-24
72 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Koko Crater Dry open slopes. Preserved_Specimen Herb. Christophersen, E. 1308 Oahu BISH 1930-04-06
73 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Pohakuloa, Honoulimaloo Rocky headland above beach. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12745 Molokai BISH 1932-12-27
74 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Kalani, Kaluakoi Tufts on inland coral dunes. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23483 Molokai BISH 1948-12-24
75 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Half mile east of Puu Kapele, Hoolehua Open ground, top of sea cliff. Preserved_Specimen Pekelo Jr., N. 42 Molokai BISH 1974-03-11
76 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Mokuauia Island On coral rock with very thin cover of soil. Preserved_Specimen Locally abundant. Fosberg, F.R. 14157 Oahu BISH 1937-07-04
77 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Koko Crater, S slope Open dry slope. Preserved_Specimen Hume, E.P. 293 Oahu BISH 1932-01-12
78 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Laysan sandy, near Casuarina equisetifolia Preserved_Specimen bunch Tsuda, R.T. 488 Laysan Island BISH 1963-12-04
79 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata South Point (Ka Lae), Kau District, elev. near sea level Growing in the strand near the shore. Preserved_Specimen Common sedge growing in clumps. Corn, C. 269 Hawaii BISH 1979-10-30
80 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Northwestern Hawaiian Islands On moist mud flat on edge of the lagoon. Preserved_Specimen 0.3 m tall. Conant, S. 167 Laysan Island BISH 1983-07-24
81 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Kahuku Sand dune near coast. Preserved_Specimen Hitchcock, A.S. 13886 Oahu BISH 1916-06-06
82 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata W of Sea Arch, ~1 mi E of Kaena Point, Pauau crevices, near sea, almost bare pahoehoe lava Preserved_Specimen dense tufts Fosberg, F.R. 46015 Hawaii BISH 1965-03-19
83 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Kekepa Islet, a raised limestone reef Plants growing in soil pockets or in thin soil layer over limestone base. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5858 Oahu BISH 1976-06-06
84 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata W ridge sandy Preserved_Specimen erect clumps Daniel, C.W. 13 Laysan Island BISH 1959-07-25
85 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Kalaupapa; coast, E of lighthouse Coastal area. Preserved_Specimen perennial, short rhizomes Hughes, G.D. 1085 Molokai BISH 2004-11-18
86 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Honouli Maloo, Kanaha Point Growing in cracks and in shallow pockets of soil along cliff above the ocean. Preserved_Specimen Tufted sedge. Herbst, D.R. 5744 Molokai BISH 1976-03-10
87 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata W Maui, Lahaina District, Lihau Lowland Dry Shrubland at 1500 ft on a W facing slope with Dodonaea viscosa, Sida fallax, Bidens and Osteomeles Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 933 Maui BISH 1991-07-09
88 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Moomomi Limestone sand dune. Preserved_Specimen Pekelo Jr., N. 20 Molokai BISH 1973-01-21
89 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Halape Infrequent Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 346 Hawaii BISH 1943-02-16
90 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Kalani, Kaluakoi Tufts on inland coral dunes. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23483 Molokai BISH 1948-12-24
91 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Growing on beach at edge of vegetation above high water mark. Preserved_Specimen 0.2-0.3 m tall Conant, S. 154 Laysan Island BISH 1983-07-22
92 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata 1.5 mi west of Moomomi Beach Sand dunes. Preserved_Specimen Aidem, J. Molokai BISH 1972-02-17
93 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata On Keomuku coastline at Laehi On raised coral plain Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1975 Lanai BISH 1984-02-20
94 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Kalapana, Puna above in rocks Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 13005 Hawaii BISH 1917-09-07
95 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Waialua Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8757 Oahu BISH 1911-05-21
96 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Punaluu beach Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6309 Hawaii BISH 1970-01-07
97 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata East Maui, Hana District, Hana Bay, near Puuku Island lighthouse Growing on reddish lava boulders with Ischaemum, near Scaevola, Casuarina, etc. Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3719 Maui BISH 1969-06-26
98 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata Manana Island, above boat landing Preserved_Specimen One plant collected; grazed by rabbits. Egler, F.E. 37105 Oahu BISH 1937-07-10
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