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Isodendrion longifolium

A.Gray (1852)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Violaceae Genus: Isodendrion

aupaka

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Few–branched, virgate shrubs (3–)6–20(–36) dm tall.

Stems: Branches erect or strongly ascending, leafy for (1–)10–20 cm below apex, glabrous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblanceolate, (7.5–)10–30 cm long, (2.3–)3.4–6.5 cm wide. Apex bluntly short-acuminate, acuminate (o‘ahu), or obtuse to rounded. Base attenuate. Surfaces glabrous, blades subcoriaceous. Margins flat or slightly undulate, remotely serrulate–crenulate, subentire, or rarely bluntly serrate; margins glabrous. Veins conspicuously reticulate, raised on both surfaces. Petioles 0.3–1.7 cm long, glabrous. Stipules very slightly asymmetrical, deltate, 2.5–4 mm long, midrib raised, glabrous, becoming pale yellow or yellowish brown and dry and membranous toward margins.

Flowers: Flowers solitary; peduncles 0–1 mm long, glabrous. Flowers fragrant, bisexual (perfect), axillary, on short pedicels; pedicels 2.5–4 mm long, glabrous, bracts ca. 1 mm long. Calyx of 5 sepals, ovate to narrowly ovate, 2.5–3.5 mm long, glabrous, becoming membranous toward margins. Corolla of 5 petals, purple, upper petals ca. 9 mm long, the lobes ca. 2.5 mm long, lateral petals 7.5–9.5 mm long, the lobes ca. 2.2– 3.5 mm long, lower petal ca. 8–9.5 mm long, the lobe ca. 2.5–3 mm long. Stamens 5; filaments very short; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 3-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal; ovules anatropous; style 1, filiform, sigmoid, apex enlarged and excavated.

Fruit: Capsules purplish; ovoid–ellipsoid; ca. 10 mm long; slightly 3–lobed; tipped with the persistent style. Seeds with fleshy; oily endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 16*

Habitat: Uncommon to rare on steep slopes and cliffs; in diverse mesic forest and sometimes wet forest.

Elevation Range: 240–700 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • 240-700 m
  • Description digitized by Ellena Ruiz
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii

Bibliography

Name Published In: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 2: 324 (1852)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1329 (K, O)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH
2 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. Kauai BISH 1851-01-01
3 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH
4 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 281 BISH
5 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Knudsen, V. 196 Kauai BISH
6 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Upper valley; open forest; dry or wet; close to 100 plants & many seedlings with Ohia; Pittosporum; Eugenia; Diospyros; Pritchardia; & Bobea Preserved_Specimen Shrub to 12 ft x 1/4 - 7 3/4 in; spread 6 - 14 in Perlman, S. 446 Kauai BISH 1979-06-10
7 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Ridge top exposed to noticeable cooler trades; associated with Metrosideros; Cheirodendron; Pseudomorus; Ilex Preserved_Specimen Shrub; 1.5 m high; flower purple; fruit a purplish capsule Gagné, W.C. 587 Kauai BISH 1970-09-07
8 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest in small gulch running into Manoa stream Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 281 Kauai BISH 1977-07-30
9 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In woods Preserved_Specimen Shrub 6 ft. high; pinkish fls. St.John, H. 10988 Kauai BISH 1931-01-02
10 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details 45 deg slope near ridge top; under canopy of Eugenia; Metrosideros; Pisonia; with Pelea & Pittosporum; mesic summer dry forest; semi-humus Preserved_Specimen Obata, J.K. 77311 Oahu BISH 1977-04-17
11 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details relic Acacia-Metrosideros lowland mesic forest with Antidesma, Xylosma, Zanthoxylum, Dodonaea Preserved_Specimen tree, 5 m tall, 7.5 cm diameter at base, with Melicope, Claoxylon, Diospyros sandwicensis, Elaeocarpus, Pittosporum glabrum, Pleomele Wood, K.R. 3875 Kauai BISH 1994-12-26
12 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Almost undisturbed low elevation rain forest. Predominantly Metrosideros, Antidesma, Cibotium, and Dicranopteris. Preserved_Specimen Spindly shrub growing up through Dicranopteris in deep shade; leaves dark, glossy green above, dull whitish green below. Flynn, T.W. 2170 Kauai BISH 1987-04-24
13 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details East facing slopes below ridgeline between Kapalaoa and Kawaikini Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis wet forest W/Antidesma platyphylla, Ilex anomala, Polyscias waialeale, Scaevola gaudichaudiana, Bobea brevipes, Psychotria mariniana, Cyanea kahiliensis, weeds: Psidium cattleianum Preserved_Specimen About 10 plants, 2 meter ht with flowers and fruit Perlman, S. 23775 Kauai BISH 2013-12-04
14 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Sadleria cyatheoides, Isodendrion, Brousaissia, Freycinetia, Cyanea spp, Pipturus, Labordia, Cyrtandra paludosa, Carex wahuensis, Pritchardia, Odontosoria chinensis, Syzygium, Antidesma, Diplazium, Bidens, Perrottetia, Pisonia Metrosideros wet forest w/Tetraplasandra, Dubautia knudsenii Preserved_Specimen With flowers & fruit. Rather common, more than 1000 plants in area. Perlman, S. 14425 Kauai BISH 1994-09-26
15 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details 45 deg slope near ridge top; under canopy of Eugenia; Metrosideros; Pisonia; with Pelea & Pittosporum; mesic summer dry forest; semi-humus Preserved_Specimen Obata, J.K. 77311 Oahu BISH 1977-04-17
16 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details open shrub/herbland, sparse tree cover; Metrosideros polymorpha, Dicranopteris linearis, Cibotium glaucum, Sadleria pallida, Hedyotis terminalis, Psychotria mariniana, Antidesma platyphyllum, Bobea brevipes, Xylosma hawaiiense, Cheirodendron fauriei, Melicope feddei, Tetraplasandra oahuensis Preserved_Specimen 1 m shrub, few branched; leaves glossy medium; flower light purple; stems light brown Wood, K.R. 11426 Kauai BISH 2005-08-04
17 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Acacia koa-Metrosideros lowland mesic forest with Pouteria, Pittosporum, Rauvolfia, Ochrosia, Eugenia reinwardtiana, Nestegis, Pteralyxia, Schinus, Flueggea, Hibiscus, Alectryon, Isodendrion. Preserved_Specimen 10-15 plants with flowers and fruit. Perlman, S. 6295 Oahu BISH 1987-08-13
18 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Steep; open; mixed mesophytic forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub; about 10 ft tall; broken off several times; diam of main stem 2 1/2 in wide at base Herbst, D.R. 2867 Kauai BISH 1973-01-21
19 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Metrosideros wet forest with Tetraplasandra, Dubautia knudsenii, Syzygium, Antidesma, Diplazium, Bidens, Perrottetia, Sadleria cyatheoides, Isodendrion, Broussaisia, Freycinetia, Pisonia, Cyanea spp., Pipturus, Labordia, Cyrtandra paludosa, Carex wahuensis, Pritchardia, Odontosoria chinensis. Preserved_Specimen More than 1000 plants in area, rather common, with flowers and fruit. Perlman, S. 14425 Kauai BISH 1994-09-26
20 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Acacia koa-Metrosideros lowland mesic forest with Pouteria, Pittosporum, Rauvolfia, Ochrosia, Eugenia reinwardtiana, Nestegis, Pteralyxia, Schinus, Flueggea, Hibiscus, Alectryon, Isodendrion. Preserved_Specimen 10-15 plants with flowers and fruit. Perlman, S. 6295 Oahu BISH 1987-08-13
21 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Cliff face Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 217 Kauai BISH 1971-04-13
22 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details 45 deg slope near ridge top; under canopy of Eugenia; Metrosideros; Pisonia; with Pelea & Pittosporum; mesic summer dry forest; semi-humus Preserved_Specimen Obata, J.K. 77311 Oahu BISH 1977-04-17
23 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Understory of a mixed mesic forest on the slope of a ridge; associated with Diospyros; Metrosideros; Canthium; Pelea; Pseudomorus; Lantana; Pleomele; Kalanchoe; Psychotria; Aleurites; Psidium guajava Preserved_Specimen Scraggly shrub with 2 major stems; one of which is 2.5 m long Lau, J. 2208 Kauai BISH 1986-04-01
24 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest in shady gulch Preserved_Specimen 1 ft. shrub, fl. white, lvs. white below. Christensen, C. 281 Oahu BISH 1977-07-30
25 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, Dracaena aurea, Polyscias kavaiensis, Planchonella sandwicensis, Bobea brevipes, Melicope ovata, M. barbigera Preserved_Specimen tree, 3 m tall, in flower and early fruit, rare, single tree Wood, K.R. 15037 Kauai BISH 2012-06-19
26 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis lowland mesic forest with Canthium, Psychotria, Melicope, Styphelia, Dodonaea, Diospyros, Schinus 8 plants seen total, scattered in small gulches, with flower and fruit Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 5997 Oahu BISH 1987-06-24
27 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m slightly branched shrub. 2 others seen Warshauer, F.R. 1188 Kauai BISH 1977-06-05
28 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Under canopy of Eugenia; Metrosideros; Pisonia; with Pelea & Pittosporum; mesic summer dry forest; semi-humus Preserved_Specimen Obata, J.K. Oahu BISH 1977-04-24
29 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Metrosideros-Dicranopteris lowland wet forest with Syzygium, Tetraplasandra, Cyanea, Freycinetia, Broussaisia, Cibotium, Antidesma, Cheirodendron, Alyxia, Boehmeria, Clidemia, Dubautia knudsenii, Pisonia, Athyrium sandwichianum. Preserved_Specimen Occasional scattered plants, with flowers and fruit. Perlman, S. 12421 Kauai BISH 1991-12-11
30 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Below Kaua`i diverse mesic forest with Cyanea hardyi; Metrosideros; Diospyros; Syzygium; & Hedyotis Preserved_Specimen with flowers & immature fruit, about 10 plants observed Perlman, S. 10373 Kauai BISH 1989-06-13
31 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Upper valley; open forest; dry or wet; close to 100 plants & many seedlings with Ohia; Pittosporum; Eugenia; Diospyros; Pritchardia; & Bobea Preserved_Specimen Shrub to 12 ft x 1/4 - 7 3/4 in; spread 6 - 14 in Perlman, S. 446 Kauai BISH 1979-06-10
32 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist ledges; sheltered from above but exposed to sun; associated with Pipturus; Hedyotis; Metrosideros; Antidesma Preserved_Specimen Shrub; 2.8 m high; flower purplish; cauliflorous Gagné, W.C. 569 Kauai BISH 1970-08-30
33 Isodendrion longifolium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In woods Preserved_Specimen Shrub 6 ft. high; pinkish fls. St.John, H. 10988 Kauai BISH 1931-02-01
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