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Ulex europaeus

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Genus: Ulex

furze, gorse, whin

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Many-branched shrubs to 6–20 dm tall.

Stems: Young branches usually terminating in a spine, younger parts somewhat glaucous and gray to reddish brown hirsute to tomentose.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves modified into phyllodes; seedling leaves compound (trifoliate). Alternate. Phyllodes usually spine–tipped, 4–14 mm long, in older plants replaced by green phyllodes. Petiolate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers papilionaceous, bracteoles 2, immediately below the flower. Calyx yellow, 12–16(–20) mm long, bilabiate, upper lip 2-toothed, lower lip 3-toothed, densely villous, persistent. Corolla yellow, 15–20 mm long, persistent, wings distinct at apex, keel petals obtuse, curved upward. Stamens 10, connate into a tube. Ovary superior; ovules several.

Fruit: Pods 11–20 mm long; 6–8 mm wide; slightly compressed; densely villous; pubescent; scarcely exserted from calyx; dehiscent. Seeds 1–4; brownish green; reniform; with a collar-like rim–aril.

Ploidy: 2n = 64; 96

Habitat: In pastures and along roadsides.

Elevation Range: 760–2,000 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Molokai Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Other Animals

Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Notes

  • 760-2,N0 m and perhaps higher, on Maui and Hawai'i.
  • Description digitized by Ikaika Mendez
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • First collected on Maui in 1910
  • Native to western Europe, cultivated as a hedge and fodder plant, widely naturalized;

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 241 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:715 (M, H); Conant 1996:1 (Mo); Penniman et al. 2011 (Mo†, 2006)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Ht 3'; flowers yellow. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
2 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
3 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
4 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
5 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
6 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Naturalized and serious weed. Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
7 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
8 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
9 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
10 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
11 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
12 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
13 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
14 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
15 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
16 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
17 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Height 3 ft. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
18 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
19 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
20 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
21 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen A pest. Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
22 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Ht 3'; flowers yellow. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
23 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
24 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
25 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
26 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
27 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Naturalized and serious weed. Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
28 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
29 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
30 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
31 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
32 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
33 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
34 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
35 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
36 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
37 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
38 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Height 3 ft. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
39 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
40 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
41 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
42 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen A pest. Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
43 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Ht 3'; flowers yellow. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
44 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
45 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
46 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
47 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
48 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Naturalized and serious weed. Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
49 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
50 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
51 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
52 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
53 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
54 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
55 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
56 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
57 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
58 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
59 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Height 3 ft. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
60 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
61 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
62 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
63 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen A pest. Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
64 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Ht 3'; flowers yellow. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
65 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
66 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
67 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
68 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
69 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Naturalized and serious weed. Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
70 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
71 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
72 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
73 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
74 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
75 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
76 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
77 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
78 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
79 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
80 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Height 3 ft. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
81 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
82 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
83 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
84 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen A pest. Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
85 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Ht 3'; flowers yellow. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
86 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
87 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
88 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
89 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
90 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Naturalized and serious weed. Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
91 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
92 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
93 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
94 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
95 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
96 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
97 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
98 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
99 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
100 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
101 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Height 3 ft. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
102 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
103 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
104 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
105 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen A pest. Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
106 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Ht 3'; flowers yellow. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
107 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
108 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
109 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
110 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
111 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Naturalized and serious weed. Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
112 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
113 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
114 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
115 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
116 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
117 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
118 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
119 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
120 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
121 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
122 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Height 3 ft. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
123 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
124 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
125 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
126 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen A pest. Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
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