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Ulex europaeus

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Genus: Ulex

furze, gorse, whin

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Many-branched shrubs to 6–20 dm tall.

Stems: Young branches usually terminating in a spine, younger parts somewhat glaucous and gray to reddish brown hirsute to tomentose.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves modified into phyllodes; seedling leaves compound (trifoliate). Alternate. Phyllodes usually spine–tipped, 4–14 mm long, in older plants replaced by green phyllodes. Petiolate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers papilionaceous, bracteoles 2, immediately below the flower. Calyx yellow, 12–16(–20) mm long, bilabiate, upper lip 2-toothed, lower lip 3-toothed, densely villous, persistent. Corolla yellow, 15–20 mm long, persistent, wings distinct at apex, keel petals obtuse, curved upward. Stamens 10, connate into a tube. Ovary superior; ovules several.

Fruit: Pods 11–20 mm long; 6–8 mm wide; slightly compressed; densely villous; pubescent; scarcely exserted from calyx; dehiscent. Seeds 1–4; brownish green; reniform; with a collar-like rim–aril.

Ploidy: 2n = 64; 96

Habitat: In pastures and along roadsides.

Elevation Range: 760–2,000 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Molokai Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Other Animals

Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Notes

  • 760-2,N0 m and perhaps higher, on Maui and Hawai'i.
  • Description digitized by Ikaika Mendez
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • First collected on Maui in 1910
  • Native to western Europe, cultivated as a hedge and fodder plant, widely naturalized;

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 241 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:715 (M, H); Conant 1996:1 (Mo); Penniman et al. 2011 (Mo†, 2006)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
2 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
3 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
4 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Ht 3'; flowers yellow. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
5 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen A pest. Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
6 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
7 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
8 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Naturalized and serious weed. Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
9 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
10 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
11 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
12 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
13 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
14 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
15 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
16 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
17 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
18 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
19 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
20 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Height 3 ft. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
21 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
22 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
23 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
24 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
25 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Ht 3'; flowers yellow. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
26 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen A pest. Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
27 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
28 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
29 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Naturalized and serious weed. Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
30 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
31 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
32 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
33 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
34 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
35 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
36 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
37 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
38 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
39 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
40 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
41 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Height 3 ft. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
42 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
43 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
44 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
45 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
46 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Ht 3'; flowers yellow. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
47 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen A pest. Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
48 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
49 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
50 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Naturalized and serious weed. Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
51 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
52 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
53 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
54 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
55 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
56 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
57 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
58 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
59 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
60 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
61 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
62 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Height 3 ft. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
63 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
64 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
65 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
66 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
67 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Ht 3'; flowers yellow. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
68 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen A pest. Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
69 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
70 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
71 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Naturalized and serious weed. Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
72 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
73 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
74 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
75 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
76 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
77 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
78 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
79 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
80 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
81 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
82 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
83 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Height 3 ft. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
84 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
85 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
86 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
87 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
88 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Ht 3'; flowers yellow. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
89 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen A pest. Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
90 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
91 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
92 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Naturalized and serious weed. Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
93 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
94 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
95 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
96 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
97 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
98 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
99 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
100 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
101 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
102 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
103 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
104 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Height 3 ft. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
105 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
106 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
107 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
108 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
109 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Ht 3'; flowers yellow. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
110 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen A pest. Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
111 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
112 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
113 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Naturalized and serious weed. Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
114 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
115 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
116 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
117 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
118 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
119 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
120 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
121 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
122 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
123 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
124 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
125 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Height 3 ft. Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
126 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
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