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Ulex europaeus

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Genus: Ulex

furze, gorse, whin

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Many-branched shrubs to 6–20 dm tall.

Stems: Young branches usually terminating in a spine, younger parts somewhat glaucous and gray to reddish brown hirsute to tomentose.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves modified into phyllodes; seedling leaves compound (trifoliate). Alternate. Phyllodes usually spine–tipped, 4–14 mm long, in older plants replaced by green phyllodes. Petiolate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers papilionaceous, bracteoles 2, immediately below the flower. Calyx yellow, 12–16(–20) mm long, bilabiate, upper lip 2-toothed, lower lip 3-toothed, densely villous, persistent. Corolla yellow, 15–20 mm long, persistent, wings distinct at apex, keel petals obtuse, curved upward. Stamens 10, connate into a tube. Ovary superior; ovules several.

Fruit: Pods 11–20 mm long; 6–8 mm wide; slightly compressed; densely villous; pubescent; scarcely exserted from calyx; dehiscent. Seeds 1–4; brownish green; reniform; with a collar-like rim–aril.

Ploidy: 2n = 64; 96

Habitat: In pastures and along roadsides.

Elevation Range: 760–2,000 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Molokai Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Other Animals

Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Notes

  • 760-2,N0 m and perhaps higher, on Maui and Hawai'i.
  • Description digitized by Ikaika Mendez
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • First collected on Maui in 1910
  • Native to western Europe, cultivated as a hedge and fodder plant, widely naturalized;

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 241 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:715 (M, H); Conant 1996:1 (Mo); Penniman et al. 2011 (Mo†, 2006)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
2 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
3 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
4 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
5 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
6 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
7 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
8 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
9 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
10 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
11 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
12 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
13 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
14 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
15 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
16 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
17 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
18 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
19 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
20 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
21 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
22 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
23 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
24 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
25 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
26 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
27 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
28 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
29 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
30 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
31 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
32 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
33 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
34 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
35 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
36 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
37 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
38 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
39 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
40 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
41 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
42 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
43 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
44 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
45 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
46 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
47 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
48 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
49 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
50 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
51 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
52 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
53 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
54 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
55 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
56 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
57 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
58 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
59 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
60 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
61 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
62 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
63 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
64 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
65 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
66 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
67 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
68 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
69 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
70 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
71 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
72 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
73 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
74 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
75 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
76 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
77 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
78 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
79 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
80 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
81 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
82 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
83 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
84 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
85 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
86 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
87 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
88 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
89 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
90 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
91 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
92 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
93 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
94 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
95 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
96 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
97 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
98 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
99 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
100 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
101 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
102 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
103 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
104 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
105 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
106 Ulex europaeus East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8831 Maui BISH 1927-06-01
107 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slope, Parker Ranch Occasional patches in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
108 Ulex europaeus 16.5 mi out of Hilo on Saddle Rd Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6699 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-09
109 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea, SE slopes, Parker Ranch Occasional patches of this shrub in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 914 Hawaii BISH 1982-07-29
110 Ulex europaeus Olinda Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1835 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
111 Ulex europaeus Olinda Open field. Preserved_Specimen Mitchell, A.L. 63 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
112 Ulex europaeus Olinda On grazing land. Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 615 Maui BISH 1961-01-07
113 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1037 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
114 Ulex europaeus Along Saddle Road near 20 Mile mi post Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19987 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
115 Ulex europaeus Olinda Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1038 Maui BISH 1966-03-29
116 Ulex europaeus E of Puu Oo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
117 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
118 Ulex europaeus unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8561 BISH 1910-09-01
119 Ulex europaeus Kamiloloa Dist.; Molokai Forest Reserve ca. 6.2 miles above Kamehameha Hwy Preserved_Specimen Nagi, G. Molokai BISH 1995-12-04
120 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 6/27/2008
121 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/26/2019
122 Ulex europaeus Mauna Kea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/4/2016
123 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/21/2005
124 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Kauai HAPI 12/5/2005
125 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
126 Ulex europaeus - HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Hawaii HAPI 12/5/2005
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