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Ilex cassine

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Aquifoliales Family: Aquifoliaceae Genus: Ilex

dahoon

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Evergreen shrub or treelet usually to 4.5(–10) m tall. plants vary from low shrubs to trees with open, wide–branched crowns.

Stems: Bark often whitish, young stems usually pubescent.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades obovate–oblong to oblanceolate, 5–12 cm long x 2–3.5 cm wide. Apex rounded or slightly notched. Upper surfaces glabrous, dark green; lower surfaces pubescent ± whitish gray; blades papery to leathery. Margins entire or apex weakly toothed, rarely with a few small teeth in the upper half. Petiolate. Stipules minute.

Flowers: Flowers in stalked clusters in leaf axils or along stem between leaves; staminate flowers to 15 per cluster; pistillate flowers 1–5 per cluster; peduncles flattened, 1.3–5 cm long. Flowers unisexual, ca 5 mm in diameter. pedicels ca. 2–6 mm long with 2 bracteoles below the middle, these 2–3 mm long. Sepals persistent. Petals white or greenish, usually as many as sepals; rotate, connate at base, caducous. Stamens as many as petals, inserted at the base of the corolla, staminodia in pistillate flowers similar to fertile stamens, but usually smaller. Ovary superior; 4-celled.

Fruit: Fruit red to yellow in stalked clusters; globose; 6–7 mm in diameter; stones 1–4; ribbed. Seeds with abundant oily or proteinaceous endosperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

O'ahu Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Birds

Pollinators

Notes

  • Description digitized by Pumehana Imada
  • Native to the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the southeastern and eastern US and reported from Cuba and the Bahama Islands. Planted along highway from Hilo to Volcano, Hawai‘i and in Honolulu, O‘ahu and now reported to be naturalizing [Imada, et al].

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 125 (1753)

Other References

Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., & Sohmer, S. H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, Vols. 1 and 2 (No. Edn 2). University of Hawai'i and Bishop Museum Press.

Staples, G., & Herbst, D. R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora. Bishop Museum Press.

Wagner et al. 1990:222 (O?, H? [planted but not naturalized]); Imada et al. 2000:9 (NEWNAT/O, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:129 (KEY), 130 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Ilex cassine L. Schofield Barracks, East Range Eroded slope on edge of flat, grassy, alien-dominated ridge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kawelo, K. USARMY 014 Oahu BISH 4/21/2005
2 Ilex cassine L. Whitmore Village Along old dirt road about 1/2 mile from fence, on left side. Disturbed vegetation with Eucalyptus, bamboo, Ardisia, traveler's palm, Tibouchina herbacea, Clidemia hirta. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Keir, M. 1 Oahu BISH 12/16/1998
3 Ilex cassine L. wahiawa, former h.s.p.a. nursery Secondary vegetation of Pluchea, Leucaena, and Wedelia; sandy soil. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN korte, k.h. collector number: s.n. Kauai BISH 10/2/1953
4 Ilex cassine L. lyon arboretum, honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 144 Oahu BISH 8/8/1966
5 Ilex cassine L. schofield barracks, east range Eroded slope on edge of flat, grassy, alien-dominated ridge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kawelo, k. collector number: usarmy 14 Oahu BISH 4/21/2005
6 Ilex cassine L. Wahiawa, Public Gardens. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C.Potter BISH 10/10/1961
7 Ilex cassine L. Wahiawa, former H.S.P.A. nursery PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Korte, K.H. Collector Number: s.n. Oahu BISH 10/2/1953
8 Ilex cassine L. Wahiawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lyon, H.L. Collector Number: s.n. Oahu BISH 10/12/1955
9 Ilex cassine L. Aiea, 98-851 Iliee St., residence of William and Peggy Jones PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. Cory, C. Collector Number: 2064 Oahu BISH 2/24/1986
10 Ilex cassine L. Kilauea Military Camp. Between Theater & Fire Stn PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. Collector Number: 7016 Hawaii BISH 6/16/1985
11 Ilex cassine L. Wahiawa, California Ave., former H.S.P.A. nursery. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN G.A.McEldowney; M.C.Neal BISH 9/10/1952
12 Ilex cassine L. Honolulu, 3860 Old Pali Road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J. F. s.n. Oahu US 3/31/1957
13 Ilex cassine L. honolulu, 3860 old pali road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock s.n. Oahu US 3/31/1957
14 Ilex cassine L. Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 144 Oahu BISH 8/8/1966
15 Ilex cassine L. wahiawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN pearsall, g.a. BISH 9/20/1954
16 Ilex cassine L. foster botanic garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lau, j. collector number: 1590 Oahu BISH 11/4/1985
17 Ilex cassine L. hickam nursery PRESERVED_SPECIMEN pearsall, g.a. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 8/12/1949
18 Ilex cassine L. H.S.P.A. nursery PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Pearsall, G.A. s.n. Oahu BISH 6/10/1949
19 Ilex cassine L. Wahiawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lyon, H.L. Not on sheet Oahu BISH 10/12/1955
20 Ilex cassine L. puna district, land of olaa, along highway 11 to volcano 17.4 miles from hilo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. ishikawa, s. collector number: 5603 Hawaii BISH 12/16/1975
21 Ilex cassine L. Hickam Nursery PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Pearsall, G.A. s.n. Oahu BISH 8/12/1949
22 Ilex cassine L. Kilauea Military Camp. Between Theater & Fire Stn PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 7016 Hawaii BISH 6/16/1985
23 Ilex cassine L. honolulu, akala st., just s of king st., residential area PRESERVED_SPECIMEN staples, g.w. collector number: 942 Oahu BISH 7/5/1994
24 Ilex cassine L. whitmore village Along old dirt road about 1/2 mile from fence, on left side. Disturbed vegetation with Eucalyptus, bamboo, Ardisia, traveler's palm, Tibouchina herbacea, Clidemia hirta. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN keir, m. collector number: 1 Oahu BISH 12/16/1998
25 Ilex cassine L. pauoa flats near junction of pauoa flat trail with aihualama trail Wet lowland secondary forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oed frohlich, d.; lau, a.; waite, m. collector number: 2012061401 Oahu BISH 6/14/2012
26 Ilex cassine L. Foster Botanic Garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 1590 Oahu BISH 11/4/1985
27 Ilex cassine L. Wahiawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Pearsall, G.A. Not on sheet Oahu BISH 9/20/1954
28 Ilex cassine L. Wahiawa, former H.S.P.A. nursery PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Korte, K.H. Not on sheet Oahu BISH 10/2/1953
29 Ilex cassine L. Honolulu, Akala St., just S of King St., residential area PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Staples, G. 942 Oahu BISH 7/5/1994
30 Ilex cassine L. Aiea, 98-851 Iliee St., residence of William and Peggy Jones PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 2064 Oahu BISH 2/24/1986
31 Ilex cassine L. Naturalized along the Hilo to Volcano Hwy at about the 18 mile marker PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 6931 Hawaii BISH 4/4/1985
32 Ilex cassine L. Honolulu, Akala St., just S of King St., residential area PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Staples, G.W. Collector Number: 942 Oahu BISH 7/5/1994
33 Ilex cassine L. Naturalized along the Hilo to Volcano Hwy at about the 18 mile marker PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. Collector Number: 6931 Hawaii BISH 4/4/1985
34 Ilex cassine L. Wahiawa, Public Gardens PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Potter, C. Not on sheet Oahu BISH 10/10/1961
35 Ilex cassine L. Wahiawa, California Ave., former H.S.P.A. nursery PRESERVED_SPECIMEN McEldowney, G.A. s.n. Oahu BISH 9/10/1952
36 Ilex cassine L. Honolulu, 3860 Old Pali Rd PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 3/31/1957
37 Ilex cassine L. Honolulu, 3860 Old Pali Rd. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. BISH 3/31/1957
38 Ilex cassine L. Puna District, land of Olaa, along Highway 11 to Volcano 17.4 miles from Hilo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5603 Hawaii BISH 12/16/1975
39 Ilex cassine L. aiea, 98-851 iliee st., residence of william and peggy jones PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lau, j. cory, c. collector number: 2064 Oahu BISH 2/24/1986
40 Ilex cassine L. Pauoa Flats near junction of Pauoa Flat Trail with Aihualama Trail Wet lowland secondary forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN OED 2012061401 Oahu BISH 6/14/2012
41 Ilex cassine L. Puna District, land of Olaa, along Highway 11 to Volcano 17.4 miles from Hilo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. Ishikawa, S. Collector Number: 5603 Hawaii BISH 12/16/1975
42 Ilex cassine L. lyon arboretum, honolulu #NAME? PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 144 Oahu BISH 8/8/1966
43 Ilex cassine L. kilauea military camp. between theater & fire stn PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. collector number: 7016 Hawaii BISH 6/16/1985
44 Ilex cassine L. Wahiawa, Public Gardens PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Potter, C. Collector Number: s.n. Oahu BISH 10/10/1961
45 Ilex cassine L. wahiawa, public gardens PRESERVED_SPECIMEN potter, c. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 10/10/1961
46 Ilex cassine L. Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. Collector Number: 144 Oahu BISH 8/8/1966
47 Ilex cassine L. Oahu, H.S.P.A. nursery. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN G.Pearsall BISH 6/10/1949
48 Ilex cassine L. naturalized along the hilo to volcano hwy at about the 18 mile marker PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. collector number: 6931 Hawaii BISH 4/4/1985
49 Ilex cassine L. Foster Botanic Garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. Collector Number: 1590 Oahu BISH 11/4/1985
50 Ilex cassine L. Wahiawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Pearsall, G.A. Oahu BISH 9/20/1954
51 Ilex cassine L. Whitmore Village Along old dirt road about 1/2 mile from fence, on left side. Disturbed vegetation with Eucalyptus, bamboo, Ardisia, traveler's palm, Tibouchina herbacea, Clidemia hirta. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Keir, M. Collector Number: 1 Oahu BISH 12/16/1998
52 Ilex cassine L. wahiawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lyon, h.l. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 10/12/1955
53 Ilex cassine L. Hickam Nursery PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Pearsall, G.A. Collector Number: s.n. Oahu BISH 8/12/1949
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