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Achyranthes humilis

(Hillebr.) Di Vincenzo, Berends., Wondafr. & Borsch (2024)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-CoreEudicot Order: Caryophyllales Family: Amaranthaceae Genus: Achyranthes

kulu‘ī [kului]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs.

Stems: Stems erect to decumbent, 1–5 m long, openly branched, sparsely pubescent with short appressed hairs.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades ovate to oblong, 3–9 cm long, 2–5 cm wide (juvenile leaves or leaves of young flowering plants narrower than those of mature plants). Apex obtuse to rounded. Base cuneate to truncate. Surfaces moderately pubescent with short appressed hairs, becoming glabrate with age. Margins entire. Pinnately veined. Petioles 4–8 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in slender spikes 3–14 cm long, ca. 4 mm or less in diameter; Peduncles 0.5–1.5 cm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), broadly ovoid, actinomorphic, Each flower subtended by a persistent bract and 2 bracteoles. Calyx of 4 sepals, equal, ovate, ca. 3 mm long, pubescent with short appressed to spreading hairs. Sepals subtended by a very broadly ovate, scarious bract ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1.5–2 mm wide, persistent on the rachis, bracteoles cordate to ovate, keeled, ca. 1 mm long, deciduous with the calyx and fruit. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens 4, connate at base; anthers dithecal. Ovary superior, 2–3(4)-carpellate, the carpels connate to form a compound, 1-celled ovary; ovule placentation basal, free-central, or rarely apical; style 1, often lobed.

Fruit: Fruit ca. 2 mm long; enclosed by the calyx. Seeds 1 per fruit; the surface usually lustrous; endosperm essentially absent.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Rare in open; remnant dry forest; sometimes on cliff faces; in gulches; or on steep slopes.

Elevation Range: 300–700 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

PROPAGATION/CULTIVATION

  • /Spores The seeds of Nototrichium humile are very small, about 1/16 of an inch long, and lens shaped. Nototrichium humile can be grown from seed, but the resulting plants are variable in habit and leaf size. (Koob 2000; Wagner 1990)
  • Nototrichium humile is very easy to grow from cuttings. Use tip cuttings and remove the lower leaves before inserting the cuttings in the planting medium. Almost any sterile medium that will hold water (such as perlite, vermiculite, or potting soil) will work for this easy to root plant. No rooting hormone is required. Roots for quickly and cuttings are well rooted in less than 4 weeks. (Koob 2000) [Data from Herring, E. C., & Criley, R. A. (2003). The Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Web Site: Developing a Webbased Information Resource. HortTechnology, 13(3), 545-548. https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/hawnprop/]

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Only found in cultivation
O'ahu Endemic
Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Taxon 73: [19 of 35] (2024)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:193 (O, EM [as Nototrichium humile]); Di Vincenzo et al. 2024 (COMBNOV, Syn. N. humile = A. humilis); Hank Oppenheimer pers. obs./Stemmermann 1228B BISH (M†, 1976)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Achyranthes humilis Honolulu, 110 Hawai'i loa St. Cultivated. Roughly 160 m from ocean, cultivated in mix of clay soil and loam. Preserved_Specimen Plants large shrubs with semi-brittle young stems. Older stems are stronger and jointed at nodes. Very drought tolerant. Plants are almost always constantly flowering. Cuttings were collected from the Wai'anae mountains, Makaha. Thomas, M.K. Oahu BISH 2022-07-10
2 Achyranthes humilis Puu Kaala, Waianae Mts Lower forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrub, by side of trail. Bushnell, O.A. Oahu BISH 1933-11-05
3 Achyranthes humilis Waianae Mts., Makua Head of Makua Valley Brushy dry slope at foot of cliffs Preserved_Specimen Bush 2 m tall Fosberg, F.R. 9055 Oahu BISH 1932-11-25
4 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiin Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; clone of Pop Ref. Code: WAI--A-010 Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-07-17
5 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiin Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; clone of Pop Ref. Code: ALI-C-015 Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-07-17
6 Achyranthes humilis Waianae Mountains, Mt. Kaala Trail from Schofield Barracks Dry slope. Preserved_Specimen Tree or bush 12 ft. high. MacDaniels, L.H. 933 Oahu BISH 1927-08-14
7 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiin Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; clone of Pop Ref. Code: IMU--A-001 Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-07-17
8 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiin Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; clone of Pop Ref. Code: MIK-B-002 Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-07-17
9 Achyranthes humilis Honolulu, Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiian Section in irrigated dry forest botanical garden Preserved_Specimen Shrub. Portner, T. Oahu BISH
10 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiin Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; clone of Pop Ref. Code: PIL--A-005 Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-07-17
11 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiin Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; clone of Pop Ref. Code: ALI--A-002 Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-07-17
12 Achyranthes humilis Near Pahole Gulch, Mokuleia Forest Preserved_Specimen Single 5 ft shrub Degener, O. 20636 Oahu BISH 1950-05-14
13 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiian Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; clone of Pop Ref. Code: KAE-A-005 Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-07-17
14 Achyranthes humilis Waianaeuka, Waianae Mts The woods at the side of the fire break trail. Preserved_Specimen Shrub Inouye, R. Oahu BISH 1933-11-05
15 Achyranthes humilis Waianae Mountains, Mt. Kaala Trail from Schofield Barracks Dry slope. Preserved_Specimen Tree or bush 12 ft. high. MacDaniels, L.H. 933 Oahu BISH 1927-08-14
16 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiin Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; clone of Pop Ref. Code: MMR-G-004 Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-07-17
17 Achyranthes humilis Near Pahole Gulch, Mokuleia Forest Preserved_Specimen 5 ft shrub with spreading branches. Degener, O. 20640 Oahu BISH 1950-05-07
18 Achyranthes humilis Waianae Mts., Nanakuli valley, south side of valley In Sapindus-Diospyros lowland mesic forest with Nestegis, Canthium, Erythrina, Bobea, Santalum, Pipturus, Nototrichium humile, Chenopodium, Sida, Pleomele, Aleurites, Dodonaea, Rauvolfia, Leucaena Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 6150 Oahu BISH 1987-07-10
19 Achyranthes humilis Waianae Mts., Makua Head of Makua Valley Brushy dry slope at foot of cliffs Preserved_Specimen Bush 2 m tall Fosberg, F.R. 9055 Oahu BISH 1932-11-25
20 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiin Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; clone of Pop Ref. Code: MMR-Q-002 Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-07-17
21 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiian Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; clone of Pop Ref. Code: MMR-K-007 Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-07-17
22 Achyranthes humilis Waianae Range, Keeau Valley. Middle gulch radiaiting from the backbone, toward end of sub-gulch Under a canopy of Sapindus, dry off gulch floor terrain. Preserved_Specimen Obata, J.K. 87664 Oahu BISH 1987-04-09
23 Achyranthes humilis Puu Kaala, Waianae Mts., Waianaeuka Lower woods Preserved_Specimen 15 ft, slender, half climbing shrub. St.John, H. 13384 Oahu BISH 1933-11-05
24 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiin Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; clone of Pop Ref. Code: PIL-A-002 Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-07-17
25 Achyranthes humilis Waianae Range, Kaluakauila Gulch Growing on a mesic forest slope. Associates: Osmanthus, Diospyros, Aleurites, Canthium, Canavalia, Cordyline, Reynoldsia, Grevillea Preserved_Specimen Spindly tree 3 m tall Lau, J. 1098 Oahu BISH 1985-06-16
26 Achyranthes humilis Honolulu, 110 Hawai'i loa St. Cultivated. Roughly 160 m from ocean, cultivated in mix of clay soil and loam. Preserved_Specimen Plants large shrubs with semi-brittle young stems. Older stems are stronger and jointed at nodes. Very drought tolerant. Plants are almost always constantly flowering. Cuttings were collected from the Wai'anae mountains. Specific area unknown but possibly the northern section. Thomas, M.K. Oahu BISH 2022-07-10
27 Achyranthes humilis Kaluakauila Gulch, Wai-anae mountains. On a northwest facing slope Pocket of remnant dryland forest of Diospyros sandwicensis, Osmanthus, with few alien spp. such as Passiflora, Leucaena, and Eupatorium riparium. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub ca. 4 m; young shoots with much narrower leaves. Wagner, W.L. 5605 Oahu BISH 1985-07-21
28 Achyranthes humilis Kamokunui, Waianae Mts Steep forested slope with Drypetes, Colubrina, & Pseudomorus. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs 3 m tall, 4 in drain, with branches 5 m long St.John, H. 25573 Oahu BISH 1955-07-17
29 Achyranthes humilis Kamokunui Gulch, Kamananui, Waianae Range On steep forested slope, rather dry, with Drypetes, Alphitonia, and Pseudomorus Preserved_Specimen Plants 3 m tall, with 5 m branches, these 4 cm in diameter Stone, B.C. 900 Oahu BISH 1955-07-17
30 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiin Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; clone of Pop Ref. Code: MIK-B-004 Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-07-17
31 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiin Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; clone of Pop Ref. Code: MMR--B-162 Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-07-17
32 Achyranthes humilis Kaluakauila Gulch, Wai-anae mountains. On a northwest facing slope Pocket of remnant dryland forest of Diospyros sandwicensis, Osmanthus, with few alien spp. such as Passiflora, Leucaena, and Eupatorium riparium. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub ca. 4 m; young shoots with much narrower leaves. Wagner, W.L. 5605 Oahu BISH 1985-07-21
33 Achyranthes humilis Kaluakauila Gulch On a northwest facing slope Preserved_Specimen Associated with Reynoldsia, Euphorbia haeleeleana, Lipochaeta tenufolia, and Eugenia reinwardtiana, and Schiedea hookeri. Welton, P. 160 Oahu BISH 1989-10-15
34 Achyranthes humilis Waianae Range, Waianae Kai. Second large sub-gulch radiating from the ridge that goes up to Puu Kawiwi Growing on gully floor among boulders & mainly associated w/koa haole. A very dominant understory plant. Preserved_Specimen Obata, J.K. Oahu BISH 1991-12-15
35 Achyranthes humilis Waianae Range, Keaau Valley. Northern most ridge of valley, beyond the planted Grevilleas & along, open, rocky, steeper terrain Growing on exposed rock faces. Preserved_Specimen Obata, J.K. Oahu BISH 1985-07-09
36 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiin Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; clone of Pop Ref. Code: WAI-A-009 Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-07-17
37 Achyranthes humilis Waianae Range, Kaluakauila Gulch First prominent south side sub-gulch along the Kaluakauila stream bed, at about the 1,000 ft level in a deep ravine Under a canopy of Kukui and Leucaena, dry and shady habitat. Preserved_Specimen Obata, J.K. Oahu BISH 1976-10-24
38 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiin Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; clone of Pop Ref. Code: ALI-C-031 Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-07-17
39 Achyranthes humilis Waianae Range, Waianae Kai. Second major gulch radiating from ridge that goes up to Puu Kawiwi Growing on gully floor among boulders and mainly associated w\koa haole. A very dominant understory plant. Preserved_Specimen Obata, J.K. Oahu BISH 1991-12-15
40 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiin Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; clone of Pop Ref. Code: PIL--A-001 Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-07-17
41 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiin Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; clone of Pop Ref. Code: MMR--A-004 Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-07-17
42 Achyranthes humilis Waianae Mts., Nanakuli valley, south side of valley In Sapindus- Diospyros lowland mesic forest with Nestegis, Canthium, Erythrina, Bobea, Santalum, Pipturus, Nototrichium humile, Chenopodium, Sida, Pleomele, Aleurites, Dodonaea, Rauvolfia, Leucaena. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 6150 Oahu BISH 1987-07-10
43 Achyranthes humilis East Maui, Hana District, Piilani Hwy., Lualailua Hills Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 1228 Maui BISH 1976-11-07
44 Achyranthes humilis Wai-anae Kai In a deep sub-gulch on the lower end of the reidge leading to Puu Kawiwi Preserved_Specimen Along rocky, dry, gully floor and associated with koa haole(Leucaena), Bryophyllum, and other alien weeds. Over 300 plants noted on cliff faces high above gully floor. Obata, J.K. Oahu BISH 1992-05-03
45 Achyranthes humilis Waianae Range, South of Makua Kaiahi gulch; along cliff face at the end of gulch Preserved_Specimen Obata, J.K. Oahu BISH 1976-11-07
46 Achyranthes humilis Waimea Valley Gardens acc# 76p936 Preserved_Specimen McCauley, R. Oahu BISH 2025-07-24
47 Achyranthes humilis Waianae Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Oahu BISH
48 Achyranthes humilis Kaena Point Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Oahu BISH
49 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiin Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; clone of Pop Ref. Code: MMR--J-005 Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-07-17
50 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiian Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; clone of Pop Ref. Code: MMR-K-010 Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-07-17
51 Achyranthes humilis Waianae Range, Kaluakauila, Keawaula valley, above Kaena state park, 1100 ft elev North facing slope, in Diospyros-Sapindus lowland mesic forest with Bonamia, Euphorbia haeleeleana, Canthium, Reynoldsia, Dodonaea, Panicum maximum, Schiedea hookeri Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 5792 Oahu BISH 1987-04-28
52 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiin Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; clone of Pop Ref. Code: MMR--G-002 Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-07-17
53 Achyranthes humilis Kaluakauila Gulch On a northwest facing slope Associated with Reynoldsia, Euphorbia haeleeleana, Lipochaeta tenuifolia, and Eugenia reinwardtiana, and Schiedea hookeri. Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 161 Oahu BISH 1989-10-15
54 Achyranthes humilis Waianae Range, Makua Valley, Kaiahi Gulch In steep walled 3rd - 4th subgulch In open or on cliff faces, with Aleurites, or Leucaena, some 36 plants, a few healthy. Preserved_Specimen Obata, J.K. 76302 Oahu BISH 1976-11-07
55 Achyranthes humilis Waianae Mts., Nanakuli valley, south side of valley In Sapindus-Diospyros lowland mesic forest with Nestegis, Canthium, Erythrina, Bobea, Santalum, Pipturus, Nototrichium humile, Chenopodium, Sida, Pleomele, Aleurites, Dodonaea, Rauvolfia, Leucaena Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 6150 Oahu BISH 1987-07-10
56 Achyranthes humilis National Tropical Botanical Garden in Lawai Valley. McBryde Garden, Big Valley, upper native Hawaiian section just W of road Cultivated area Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2.5 m tall with several erect stems to 3 cm diam. Inflorescences arcuate, flowers pink-green Lorence, D.H. 10339 Kauai BISH 2012-07-05
57 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiian Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden Preserved_Specimen Shrub Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-09-18
58 Achyranthes humilis Koko Crater Botanical Garden, Hawaiin Section Cultivated population in irrigated dry forest botanical garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; clone of Pop Ref. Code: KAE--A-004 Portner, T. Oahu BISH 2024-07-17
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