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Cyrtandra kauaiensis

Wawra (1872)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Gesneriaceae Genus: Cyrtandra

ha‘iwale [haiwale], kanawao ke‘oke‘o [kanawao keokeo], ulunahele

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 1.5–3 m tall.

Stems: Stems many-branched, rounded to angular, pubescent with multicellular hairs or glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, borne on upper 3–5 nodes. Those leaves of a pair unequal, symmetrical or nearly so, elliptic to elliptic–ovate, 5.5–15 cm long, 2.1–5.5(–6.3) cm wide. Apex acute to acuminate. Base cuneate to attenuate. Upper surfaces sparsely appressed hirtellous; lower surfaces moderately to densely velvety pilose, especially along veins; blades firm–chartaceous. Margins entire to serrulate. Lower surface with usually conspicuously raised veins. Petioles 0.9–2,3 cm long, base sometimes clasping the stem or perfoliate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 1(2) in cymes arising in the leaf axils, densely appressed pilose, peduncles 9–15 mm long, pedicels 8–18 mm long, bracts linear, distinct or occasionally connate, 3–5 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 2–5(6)-lobed, nearly actinomorphic, green, 10–16 mm long, cleft nearly to base, the lobes oblong to linear–oblanceolate, both surfaces moderately appressed to occasionally sparsely appressed pilose, apex acuminate, deciduous or persistent in fruit. Corolla usually bilabiate, white, tube cylindrical, curved, ca. 13–15 mm long, ca. 5 mm in diameter, densely shaggy villous, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes imbricate in bud, upper lobes broadly elliptic, ca. 7 mm long, ca. 6 mm wide, lower lobes broadly elliptic, 8–9 mm long, 7–8 mm wide. Stamens 5, inserted about halfway up corolla tube, the 2 upper Stamens fertile, others staminodial, +/– with abortive anthers; fertile anthers coherent positioned in throat of corolla tube, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits or occasionally by apical pores. Ovary superior, oblong–ovoid, 2-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal, placentas 2, ± intruded, rarely joined in center and dividing ovary into 2 cells; ovules numerous, anatropous, pilose or occasionally glabrous, apex rounded or with a stylar beak; style ca. 5 mm long, sparsely puberulent or occasionally glabrous; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, lobes usually elliptic.

Fruit: Fruit a fleshy or firm berry white; ellipsoid; 1–1.2 cm long; glabrous; often tipped by the persistent stylar beak. Seeds numerous; ellipsoid; minute; 0.2–0.3 mm long; the surface reticulate.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in diverse mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 610–1,220 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Beiträge zur Flora der Hawaischen Inseln. Flora 55: 566 (1872)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:762 (K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 30360 Kauai BISH 1926-06-25
2 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 3075 Kauai BISH 1938-08-22
3 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1688 Kauai BISH 1909-02-16
4 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2644 Kauai BISH 1909-03-01
5 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 70 Kauai BISH
6 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 127 Kauai BISH 1969-07-03
7 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wawra, H. 2058 Kauai BISH 1869-01-01
8 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 26043 Kauai BISH 1957-01-01
9 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1542 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
10 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist wooded gulch Preserved_Specimen Shrub, 3 m, young shoots grain hairy, fr. white St.John, H. 22888 Kauai BISH 1947-12-21
11 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist, shaded gully. Preserved_Specimen Single bush much branched, ca. 6 ft tall; calyx green; corolla white; fruits green Crosby, M.R. 2045 Kauai BISH 1964-08-13
12 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesophytic ohia forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1 m tall; growing as undergrowth; Leaves opposite; elliptic obovate; 10 cm x 4.5 cm; dark green top, light green-brown below; tomentose-entire plant. Calyx five lobed, cleft to near bottom, perisstant, tomentose, linerar-acminate, Fruits tomentose. Spence, G. 198 Kauai BISH 1973-07-25
13 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details narrow wet gulch, upper mesic forest and drainage; Metrosideros, Acacia, Dubautia laevigata, Hedyotis terminalis, Cheirodendron trigynum, Dianella sandwicensis, Poa sandwicensis, Bidens cosmoides, Peperomia membranacea Preserved_Specimen 4 m x 7 cm tree Wood, K.R. 13055 Kauai BISH 2008-05-23
14 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diospyros mixed mesic forest and steep slopes of Dicranopteris bottoming to riparian vegetation w/ Metrosideros, Chrysodracon, Psychotria mariniana, Bobea elatior, Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Planchonella sandwicensis, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Pisonia umbellifera, Kadua affinis, Bidens forbesii, a few Preserved_Specimen Shrub, 1 m tall, few branched, leaves medium green, in flower and fruit, uncommon with C. confertiflora. Wood, K.R. 16484 Kauai BISH 2015-06-11
15 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Sparingly branched shrub w/ long, slender, somewhat decumbent branches Herbst, D.R. 2032 Kauai BISH 1971-07-28
16 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Damp shady valley Preserved_Specimen 4 ft tall; fl white Christensen, C. 184 Kauai BISH 1977-04-15
17 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist Metrosideros woods Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1-2 m, shoots brownish, hairy St.John, H. 229076 Kauai BISH 1947-12-21
18 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Shaded fern-covered valley floor in mesic summer-dry forest Preserved_Specimen Erect, much-branched shrub Herbst, D.R. 2015 Kauai BISH 1971-07-25
19 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist woods Preserved_Specimen Shrub, 5 ft; fl. white St.John, H. 13807 Kauai BISH 1933-12-28
20 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Montane wet forest with 60% cover of Metrosideros at 9 m tall and 30% cover of Cheirodendron at 7 m tall, diverse understory with Melicope clusiifolia, M. wawrana, Vaccinium calycinum, Broussaisia arguta, Trematolobelia kauaiensis, Lobelia hypoleuca, rich fern understory with Athyrium microphyllum, Sadleria pallida, Asplenium polyodon, abundant terrestrial and epiphytic moss. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1 m tall, few branched, stems green, lvs medium green above paler below, calyx green, fls white, occasional with C paludosa v. microcarpa. Wood, K.R. 11528 Kauai BISH 2005-09-09
21 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rainforest Preserved_Specimen Shrub/small tree 3-4 m; flowers white Bryan Jr., E.H. 1466 Kauai BISH 1940-07-30
22 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details pali along trail Preserved_Specimen DLNR staff Kauai BISH 1984-03-29
23 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Antidesma platyphylla, Euphorbia atrococca, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Dracaena aurea, Polyscias kavaiensis, Planch Preserved_Specimen Shrub, 3 m tall, stems gray-brown, leaves translucent green, with immature and mature fruit Wood, K.R. 14943 Kauai BISH 2012-04-26
24 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros Montane Wet Mixed community w/ sedges, grasses and bryophytes. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1 m tall; coroll white, showing hairs; calyx yellow-green w/ hairs; fruit white Wood, K.R. 193 Kauai BISH 1988-09-10
25 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Shaded stream bank Preserved_Specimen Plant 6 + ft tall w/ barely spreading branches and small leaves; fl. white Hobdy, R.W. 164 Kauai BISH 1970-01-01
26 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic summer-dry trail Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2073 Kauai BISH 1971-08-16
27 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros0Acacia mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, Dracaena aurea, Polyscias kavaiensis, Planchonella sandwicensis, Bobea brevipes, Melicope ovata, M. barbigera Preserved_Specimen tree, 3.5 m tall, well branched Wood, K.R. 15039 Kauai BISH 2012-06-20
28 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details matting fern ridge, along drainage; Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Santalum freycinetianum, Kadua affinis, Coprosma waimeae, Metrosideros polymorpha, Dodonaea viscosa, Dianella sandwicensis, Pteridium decompositum, Scaevola procera, Xylosma hawaiiense, Psychotria mariniana, Ilex anomala, Bobea elatior, Pouteria sandwicensis, Syzygium sandwicensis Preserved_Specimen to 3 m shrub, scandent or erect; stem brown Wood, K.R. 12471 Kauai BISH 2007-07-30
29 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest W/ Dicranopteris-Diplopterygium-Sticherus matting ferns W/ Syzygium sandwicensis, Leptecophylla tameiameiae, Vaccinium calycinum, V. Dentatum, Broussaisia arguta, Kadua affinis, Peperomia hesperomanii, Gahnia vitensis kauaiensis, G. Beecheyi, Melicope cl... Preserved_Specimen Tree, 2 m tall, moderately branched w/ fruit, common K.R. Wood 19224 Kauai BISH 2022-12-07
30 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Valley bottom Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub to 8 ft high; flowers & mature fruit white Flynn, T.W. 700 Kauai BISH 1983-12-28
31 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesophytic ohia forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1 m tall; growing as undergrowth; Leaves opposite; elliptic obovate; 10 cm x 4.5 cm; dark green top, light green-brown below; tomentose-entire plant. Calyx five lobed, cleft to near bottom, perisstant, tomentose, linerar-acminate, Fruits tomentose. Spence, G. 198 Kauai BISH 1973-07-25
32 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Damp shady valley Preserved_Specimen 4 ft tall; fl white Christensen, C. 184 Kauai BISH 1977-04-15
33 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist wooded gulch Preserved_Specimen Shrub, 3 m, young shoots grain hairy, fr. white St.John, H. 22888 Kauai BISH 1947-12-21
34 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diverse Mesic Forest. Metrosideros - Acaia koa canopy, with Zanthoxylum, Coprosma, Dodonea, Dubautia, Kadua affinis, Perrottetia sandwicencis, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Psychotria mariniana, Scaevola procera, Rubus hawaiie Preserved_Specimen 6 ft tall. Calyx light green w/ 6 lobes, flw cream color. Flowers on stem. Actino? Lvs dk green above, light green below. Tangalin, N. 3115 Kauai BISH 2012-04-13
35 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diverse mesic forest. Beside stream in shade of Metrosideros canopy. With Psychotria hexandra, Coprosma sp, Myrsine sp, Athyrium, Pteris excelsa, Dubautia sp, Pleomele aurea, Broussaisia, and Hedychium dominant in patches. Preserved_Specimen Califlorous shrub, erect to sprawling, 1.8 m t all. White corolla. Calyx green, slightly zypomorphic. Setrose pubescence at apical ends of stems. Lvs. densely pubescent. Trauernicht, C. 747 Kauai BISH 2009-02-19
36 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rain forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 m. tall. St.John, H. 26043 Kauai BISH 1957-01-01
37 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Riparian vegetation with moderate to steep slopes 70-80 % cover. Canopy dominated by Metrosideros, 8 - 112 m, or Aleurites, 8 - 10 m with abundant understory of Psidium guajava, w/ Pisonia umbellifera, Ilex, Psychotria mariniana, Kadua affinis, steeper open slopes. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1.5 m tall, few branched, with fls and immatur frt, occasional. Wood, K.R. 13437 Kauai BISH 2009-01-22
38 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis mesic to transitional wet forest and drainage w/Diplopterygium pinnatum, Sticherus owhyhensis, Syzygium sandwicensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Bobea brevipes, Ilex anomala, Wikstroemia furcata, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Polyscias waimeae, Melicope Preserved_Specimen Tree, 2 m tall, few branched, gray-brown. With fruit Wood, K.R. 16438 Kauai BISH 2015-05-02
39 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details With Dicranopteris, Clidemia, Perrottetia, Broussaisia and Diplopterygium. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1.t m 5all, lvs and fls densely pubescnet; lvs with raised reticualte veination; fls whitish; lvs yellowish-green, decussate & opp., to 20 cm long. Trauernicht, C. 552 Kauai BISH 2008-07-22
40 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Multi-branching shrub to 1.5m, mature fruits white, corolla white, flowers and fruits on lower portion of stem. Smith, J.F. 40011 Kauai BISH 2000-09-12
41 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Multi-branching shrub to 1.3m. Smith, J.F. 4006 Kauai BISH 2000-09-12
42 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wawra, H. 2058 Kauai BISH 1869-01-01
43 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1000 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
44 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen to 1.3 m shrub, multi-branching, fruit white Smith, J.F. 4008 Kauai BISH 2000-09-12
45 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Steep diverse mountain mesic forest Preserved_Specimen Herb, 30 cm tall; growing under Diplazium; in flower and fruit Wood, K.R. 1042 Kauai BISH 1991-07-07
46 Cyrtandra kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Deep shade in moist area Preserved_Specimen Shrub to 4.5 ft tall Christensen, C. 130 Kauai BISH 1977-02-02
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