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Pipturus forbesii

Krajina (1930)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Rosales Family: Urticaceae Genus: Pipturus

māmake [mamake], māmaki [mamaki]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Spreading, branched shrubs 3–6 m tall; branches stout, with brown bark, hispid with white hairs 0.6–1.5 mm long.

Stems: Watery sap.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate, closely spaced, with many short, leafy lateral branches along stem with very reduced leaves. Blades ovate, 2–7 cm long, 1.5–3.5 cm wide. Apex acute. Base cuneate. Surfaces sparsely hirsute, moderately hispid along the veins, the hairs spreading, areoles densely woolly pubescent, white pilose toward base, persistent;, principal leaves thick and coriaceous; upper surfaces dark green, cystoliths numerous, conspicuous. Margins coarsely serrate. veins strongly raised, veins usually red, strongly impressed. Petioles 0.2–1.5 cm long. Stipules coriaceous, ca. 7 mm long, ca. 4.5 mm wide.

Flowers: Flowers in clusters ca. 5–7 mm in diameter. Plants unisexual, apparently dioecious. Calyx of pistillate flowers 1.4–1.5 mm long enlarging to 1.8–2 mm long in fruit, densely hispid. Corolla (petals) absent. Staminate flower filaments incurved in bud, elastically reflexed when pollen is shed; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior (pistillate flowers), psuedomonomerous, 1-celled; ovule 1, placentation basal; style 1. Staminate flower ovary vestigial and sterile.

Fruit: Achenes pale yellow or grayish brown; conical– ovoid; 1.2–1.3 mm long. Seeds 1 per achene.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in upper elevation wet forest and subalpine shrubland.

Elevation Range: 1,525–1,860 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • 1525-1860 m
  • Description digitized by Olivia Kraus
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii

Bibliography

Name Published In: Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 9(3): 6 (1930)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1309 (EM)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Pipturus forbesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris wet forest with Perrottetia sandwicensis, Diplazium sandwichianum, Gunnera, Dryopteris wallichiana, Pteris excelsa, Sadleria spp, Asplenium spp, Scaevola chamissoniana, Labordia hirtella, Astelia menziesiana, Cl Preserved_Specimen tree, 3.5 m tall, many branched Wood, K.R. 15049 Maui BISH 2012-06-26
2 Pipturus forbesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In shady gully. Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 415 Maui BISH 1983-06-27
3 Pipturus forbesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing on margin of small kipuka near pali. With Metrosideros, Ilex, Eupatorium, Dryopteris, Peperomia. Preserved_Specimen Small much branched tree 10 ft. high with rounded top. Henrickson, J.S. 3502 Maui BISH 1969-06-16
4 Pipturus forbesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Exposure, thin organic soil. Frequent, widespread in closed, wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Tall shrub or tree, open sprawling growth. Baldwin, P.H. 13 Maui BISH 1943-11-23
5 Pipturus forbesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 979 Maui BISH 1919-07-30
6 Pipturus forbesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 979 Maui BISH 1919-07-30
7 Pipturus forbesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest at tree line. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 6 m. x 6 cm., lvs subcoriaceous, above dark green and impressed reticulate, below whitish green. St.John, H. 21283 Maui BISH 1945-09-02
8 Pipturus forbesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wooded knoll in meadow. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3 m. x 8 cm. main stem prostrate, lvs thick chartaceus, above dark shiny green impressed rugose, below pale greenish, stigmas white. St.John, H. 21200 Maui BISH 1945-08-27
9 Pipturus forbesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1034 Maui BISH 1919-08-03
10 Pipturus forbesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 2021 Maui BISH 1997-10-08
11 Pipturus forbesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 979 Maui BISH 1919-07-30
12 Pipturus forbesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Site is 2000 meters west of Koolau Gap, the limit of this taxon's known range. Vegetaion: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Kadua, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Cibotium, Clermontia, Pipturus, Urera, Lobelia, Sadleria, Carex, Peperomia, Dubautia, Pilea, Deschampsia, Prunella, Rubus. Preserved_Specimen Occasional, with P. albidus. Oppenheimer, H.L. 91415 Maui BISH 2014-09-24
13 Pipturus forbesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros montane wet forest below subalpine shrubland and montane mesic forest W/ Cheirodendron, Rubus hawaiiensis, Ilex, Myrsine lessertiana, Sadleria cyatheoides, Coprosma montana, Atherium microphyllum, Lycopodium venustulum, Polypodium pellucidum, Polystichum bonseyi, Dryop. Preserved_Specimen tree, 2 m tall, leaves clustered on branch tips, medium green above, white-green below with red nervies. Wood, K.R. 14246 Maui BISH 2010-06-09
14 Pipturus forbesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rain forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3 m. high. Wilbur, R.L. 973 Maui BISH 1948-07-02
15 Pipturus forbesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia-Metrosideros, 50% open 7m canopy, understory of uluhe mat ferns dissected by riparian veg with `ohia & Cheirodendron, understory of Ilex, Clermontia arborescens, Scaevola chamissoniana, Myrsine lessertiana, Melicope spp, Hedyotis spp, Coprosma spp, Perrottetia, and Broussaisia, shrubs of Vaccinium, Styphelia, Cyrtandra, and Rubus hawaiensis, ferns and bryophytes are common. Occasional along steam drainages with Pipturus albidus. Feral pigs; seed predation by rats; Clidemia hirta, Tibouchina herbacea, Rubus. Preserved_Specimen Tree 3m tall, diffusely branched with gray-brown stems, young stems light green, leaves dark green above, white-green below, nerves green-white. Wood, K.R. 11332 Maui BISH 2005-05-05
16 Pipturus forbesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details High elevation wet forest, riparian: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Leptecophylla, Vaccinium, Rubus hawaiiensis, Diplazium, Athyrium microphyllum, Hypolepis hawaiiensis, Scaevola chamissoniana, Deschampsia, Pilea, Hillebrandia, Gunnera, Carex, Pipturus forbesii, Dryopteris wallichiana, Sadleria squarrosa, S. pallida, Coniogramme, Hoiokula, Dubautia plantaginea, Cyrtandra ferripilosa Preserved_Specimen Common, most of the Pipturus in this region are PipFor. Stout plants with tight clusters of leaves and bracts at ends of branches. Pezzillo, Z. 477 Maui BISH 2023-05-11
17 Pipturus forbesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Extremely rainy region. Preserved_Specimen Female; veins deep red. Degener, O. 12586 Maui BISH 1939-08-20
18 Pipturus forbesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Diplazium sandwichianum, Gunnera, Pipturus, Dryopteris wallichiana, Pteris excelsa, Sadleria, Asplenium, Scaevola chamissoniana, Touchardia latifolia, Labordia hirtella, Astelia, Hedyotis hillebrandii, Clermontia tuberculata Preserved_Specimen 4-6 m; many branched tree, young stem green, leaf nerves red Wood, K.R. 6646 Maui BISH 1997-08-27
19 Pipturus forbesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Ilex, Cheirodendron trigynum, Broussaisia arguta, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Rubus macraei, Pipturus, Cibotium glaucum, Thelypteris sandwicensis Preserved_Specimen 3 m tree; many branched, stems red brown, leaves light green Wood, K.R. 6602 Maui BISH 1997-08-13
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