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Bromus madritensis

L. (1755)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Bromus

bromegrass, chess, ripgut grass

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form:

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves:

Flowers:

Fruit:

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (63)

Anisantha madritensis (L.) Nevski (1934)
Anisantha madritensis subsp. tefedetica (Quézel) H.Scholz & Valdés (2006)
Anisantha madritensis var. ciliata (Guss.) Tzvelev (1974)
Anisantha matritensis
Bromus arenaceus Pourr. (1788)
Bromus asperrimus Ten. (1824)
Bromus darderi Sennen (1936)
Bromus decipiens Cav. (1803)
Bromus diandrus Curtis (1798)
Bromus diandrus var. curtisii Bab. (1839)
Bromus diandrus var. madritensis (L.) DC. (1813)
Bromus diandrus var. polystachyus J.Woods (1850)
Bromus digitatus Poir. ex P.Beauv. (1812)
Bromus dilatatus Lam. (1785)
Bromus gynandrus Roth (1790)
Bromus madritensis f. persterilis Cugnac & A.Camus (1931)
Bromus madritensis f. umbrosus Hausskn. (1899)
Bromus madritensis subsp. eumadritensis Maire & Weiller (1955)
Bromus madritensis subsp. madritensis
Bromus madritensis subsp. tefedeticus Quézel (1956)
Bromus madritensis var. ambiguus Coss. & Durieu (1855)
Bromus madritensis var. ciliatus Guss. (1843)
Bromus madritensis var. curtisii Syme & Sowerby (1873)
Bromus madritensis var. diandrus Hook.f. (1870)
Bromus madritensis var. glabriculmis Maire & Weiller (1941)
Bromus madritensis var. glabriglumis Maire & Weiller (1939)
Bromus madritensis var. monandrus Guss. (1843)
Bromus madritensis var. polystachyus Guépin (1830)
Bromus madritensis var. pubiculmis Maire & Weiller (1942)
Bromus madritensis var. purpureus Lojac. (1909)
Bromus madritensis var. urbicus P.Candargy (1899)
Bromus madritensis var. victorinii Maire (1941)
Bromus madritensis var. villiglumis Maire & Weiller (1939)
Bromus madritensis var. villosissimus Maire (1937)
Bromus matritensis L. ex Roem. & Schult. (1817)
Bromus maximus Roth (1802)
Bromus maximus var. minor Boiss. (1844)
Bromus multispicatus Roem. & Schult. (1817)
Bromus muralis Huds. (1778)
Bromus muralis var. madritensis (L.) Huds. (1778)
Bromus myrthensis Lojac. (1909)
Bromus oranensis Steud. (1854)
Bromus polystachyus DC. (1815)
Bromus rigidus var. minor (Boiss.) Maire (1941)
Bromus rochelianus Opiz (1825)
Bromus rubens subsp. madritensis (L.) Bonnier & Layens (1894)
Bromus rubens var. polystachyus (DC.) Mutel (1837)
Bromus rubens var. villosus Fiori (1907)
Bromus sterilis f. diandrus (Hook.f.) Kuntze (1887)
Bromus sterilis f. varius (Brot.) Kuntze (1887)
Bromus sterilis var. madritensis (L.) Kuntze (1887)
Bromus varius Brot. (1804)
Bromus viciosoi Sennen (1936)
Bromus victorinii Sennen & Mauricio (1933)
Bromus villosus Forssk. (1775)
Bromus villosus var. minor (Boiss.) Briq. (1910)
Festuca madritensis (L.) Desf. (1798)
Forasaccus arenaceus (Pourr.) Bubani (1901)
Forasaccus diandrus (Hook.f.) Bubani (1901)
Genea madritensis (L.) Dumort. (1868)
Schedonorus madritensis var. ciliatus (Guss.) Lange (1860)
Zerna madritensis (L.) Gray (1822)
Zerna madritensis var. triandra Gray (1822)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Potentially Naturalizing
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Potentially Naturalizing
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Specimens

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Bibliography

Name Published In: Cent. Pl. I: 5 (1755)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1505 (Mo?, M?, H? [adventive], DESCR); Herbst & Clayton 1998:20 (KEY); Herbst & Wagner 1999:25 (NEWNAT/Mo. EM, H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Bromus madritensis L. waimea canyon state park, mile 11.3 on hwy 550 In remnant forest on steep, dry slope. Open, grassy slope with Pteridium, Pteris and Lythrum/ PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. lorence, d.; de lappe, r. collector number: 2199 Kauai BISH 5/21/1987
2 Bromus madritensis L. settlement trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 650.mo. Molokai BISH 3/29/1915
3 Bromus madritensis L. hawaii or maui ? PRESERVED_SPECIMEN u.s. department of agriculture collector number: s.n. BISH 8/8/1913
4 Bromus madritensis L. pookanaka paddock, puukapu weimea, n kohala Occasional. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 2148 Hawaii BISH 6/2/1938
5 Bromus madritensis L. hawaii national park, so. of kilauea near kipukanene In meadow, frequent locally PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fagerlund, g.o. mitchell, a.l. collector number: 1011 Hawaii BISH 3/22/1945
6 Bromus madritensis L. East Maui, Kula, Crater Rd, Near Sunrise Market Associated vegetation: Pyracantha, Bidens pilosa, Olea europaea, Acacia mearnsii. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Starr, F. Martz, K. Collector Number: 010423-1 Maui BISH 4/23/2001
7 Bromus madritensis L. east maui, puu kolokole summit, science city, by airglow facility gulches below matting fern ridge, dominated by 30-70% cover of native mesic forest trees; Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Diospyros sandwicensis, Xylosma hawaiiense, Psychotria mariniana, Ilex anomala, Bobea elatior, Pouteria sandwicensis, Syzygium sandwicensis, Alphitonia ponderosa, Nestegis sandwicensis, Pleomele aurea, Pritchardia minor PRESERVED_SPECIMEN starr, f. starr, k. collector number: 090628-02 Kauai BISH 6/28/2009
8 Bromus madritensis L. W Maui, Launiupoko, two gulches N of Valley Dense patches in thin soil above a rocky precipice. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 4243 Maui BISH 1/23/2006
9 Bromus madritensis L. Above Makawao Growing along the roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 489 Maui BISH 4/1/1979
10 Bromus madritensis L. Wahane Gulch. in open, rocky areas. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Diospyros, Dodonaea, Pouteria, Nestegis, Leptecophylla, Wikstroemia, Psidium, Morella, Schinus, Lantana. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H21302 Lanai BISH 2/7/2013
11 Bromus madritensis L. mauna kea, near hale pohaku Sophora-grass association PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. kimura, b. collector number: 1723 Hawaii BISH 7/17/1978
12 Bromus madritensis L. East Maui, Makawao District, Kalialinui Gulch In grazed area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Collector Number: H40150 Maui BISH 4/29/2001
13 Bromus madritensis L. waimea canyon state park, puu lua reservoir Acacia koa, Cryptocarya, Dodonaea, Pouteria, Hedyotis, Doodia, Dianella, Melicope; disturbed understory PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. arnold, l. collector number: 7111 Kauai BISH 5/22/2002
14 Bromus madritensis L. waimea drainage basin, west side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 772k Hawaii BISH 7/3/1917
15 Bromus madritensis L. East Maui, NW slope, town of Keokea, dry scrubland downslope of Kula Hwy Dried grass in open grassland with Sporobolus indicus, Ehrharta stipoides, Lantana camara, Bocconia, Gomphocarpus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. Char, W.P.; Morden, C. Collector Number: 98-11 Maui BISH 8/17/1998
16 Bromus madritensis L. awehi rd, in the gardenia brighamii outplanting exclosure PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. perlman, s.; tangalin, n. collector number: h30714 Lanai BISH 3/21/2007
17 Bromus madritensis L. Hawaii National Park, So. of Kilauea Near Kipukanene In meadow, frequent locally PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fagerlund, G.O. 1011 Hawaii BISH 3/22/1945
18 Bromus madritensis L. hawaii national park mauna loa truck trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fagerlund, g.o. mitchell, a.l. collector number: 431 Hawaii BISH 3/3/1943
19 Bromus madritensis L. hale pohaku, mauna kea, hamakua district open forest, on mossy tree branches PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. collector number: 892 Maui BISH 10/6/1981
20 Bromus madritensis L. waimea district crossover between awaawapuhi trail and nualolo trail Along disturbed trail side; associated with Hillebrandia sandwicensis, Selaginella arbuscula PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. james, m. collector number: 2445 Kauai BISH 5/26/1972
21 Bromus madritensis L. pohakaloa military camp, mauna kea, 1979 burn area PRESERVED_SPECIMEN adee, k.t. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 8/8/1988
22 Bromus madritensis L. waikii, parker ranch Dry pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewart iii, g.r. collector number: 229 Hawaii BISH 4/17/1932
23 Bromus madritensis L. maui? lava flow PRESERVED_SPECIMEN u.s. department of agriculture collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 8/8/1913
24 Bromus madritensis L. Pohakuloa, growing along Saddle Road, 35 miles from Hilo Growing near Dactylis glomerata and trees of mamane and naio. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. Collector Number: 562 Hawaii BISH 7/15/1981
25 Bromus madritensis L. Wahane Gulch In open, rocky areas. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Diospyros, Dodonaea, Pouteria, Nestegis, Leptecophylla, Wikstroemia, Psidium, Morella, Schinus, Lantana PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H21303 Lanai BISH 2/7/2013
26 Bromus madritensis L. Waimea District, Waimea Canyon State Park, Hwy 550 near mile 12 Heavily disturbed Acacia koa forest with Lantana, Psidium, Dodonaea, Stenotaphrum, Axonopus, Plantago, and Setaria. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. Lorence, D.H. Collector Number: 6143 Kauai BISH 4/28/1997
27 Bromus madritensis L. Na Pali Coast, Honopu Beach, elevation near sea level On talus slope behind sand dunes. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Corn, C. Clarke, G.; Cuddihy, L.W.; Yoshida, L. Collector Number: ESP 413 Kauai BISH 7/20/1979
28 Bromus madritensis L. waimea district, waimea canyon state park west side of canyon at mile 11.3 of hwy 550 Heavily grazed slope dominated by Bromus spp. and Plantago lanceolata with scattered Metrosideros. Common; awns maroon tipped. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. palmer, d.; gustafson, b. collector number: 4553 Kauai BISH 4/17/1991
29 Bromus madritensis L. n. kohala; pookanaka paddock, puukapu, waimea Occasional. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 2148 Hawaii BISH 6/2/1938
30 Bromus madritensis L. east maui, kula, crater rd, near sunrise market Bed of slow moving, shallow stream in pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN starr, f. martz, k. collector number: 010423-1 Kauai BISH 4/23/2001
31 Bromus madritensis L. Southwest of Ooa, west on Onini Gulch. On roadcut 0-.1 miles above the Forest Reserve gate. Growing on roadcut PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H11602 Molokai BISH 1/5/2016
32 Bromus madritensis L. near old parker ranch headquarters In open pasture land PRESERVED_SPECIMEN whitney, l.d. collector number: 4140 Hawaii BISH 4/6/1936
33 Bromus madritensis L. Western Kawela below old goat pen. Lantana-Melinis shrubland to lama forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hughes, G.D. 34 Molokai BISH 3/16/1992
34 Bromus madritensis L. Na Pali Coast, Nualolo Kai, near sea level Growing near shore with other exotic grasses and shrubs such as Leucaena leucocephala. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Corn, C. Clarke, G.; Cuddihy, L.W.; Yoshida, L. Collector Number: ESP 441 Kauai BISH 7/20/1979
35 Bromus madritensis L. Kalalau Rim; 150 m west of Peach Tree Ridge. Elev. 900-950 m. North aspect; collected during rappel on steep cliffs. Steep Diverse Lowland Mesic Cliffs. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 1792 Kauai PTBG 4/15/1992
36 Bromus madritensis L. Na Pali Survey Transect 7, Kalalau trail, Pohakuao, along trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 10376 Kauai PTBG 6/14/1989
37 Bromus madritensis L. Waimea Canyon State Park, near Puu Lua Reservoir. Acacia koa dominated forerst. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 7111 Kauai PTBG 5/22/2002
38 Bromus madritensis L. Hamakua, Mauna Kea, Kaohe. Open pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN E. Y. Hosaka 1595 Hawaii PTBG 9/11/1936
39 Bromus madritensis L. Waimea District, Waimea Canyon State Park, near Puu Lua Reservoir. Acacia koa dominated forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN T. W. Flynn & L. Arnold 7111 Kauai US 5/22/2002
40 Bromus madritensis L. Waimea District, Waimea Canyon State Park, near Puu Lua Reservoir. Acacia koa dominated forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. W.; Arnold, L. 7111 Kauai US 5/22/2002
41 Bromus madritensis L. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. b. hillebrand 1842 Hawaii US
42 Bromus madritensis L. hawaii volcanoes national park, kipuka nene, hilina pali road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 53676 Molokai US 4/12/1971
43 Bromus madritensis L. slopes of mauna kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 8403 Hawaii US
44 Bromus madritensis L. puu holoholoku paddock, waimea, south kohala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. y. hosaka 2107 Hawaii US 5/26/1938
45 Bromus madritensis L. south kohala district, waikoloa, along saddle road about 1 mile north of kilohana girl scout camp PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 5828 Hawaii US 4/20/1976
46 Bromus madritensis L. South Kohala District, Waikoloa, along Saddle Road about 1 mile north of Kilohana Girl Scout Camp PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 5828 Hawaii US 4/20/1976
47 Bromus madritensis L. On rd. from saddle (Humuula Sta.) to State Park cabins (Halepohaku), S slope of Mauna Kea Volcano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Iltis, H. H.; Iltis, C. M. H-182 Hawaii US 6/23/1967
48 Bromus madritensis L. on rd. from saddle (humuula sta.) to state park cabins (halepohaku), s slope of mauna kea volcano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. h. iltis & c. m. iltis h-182 Hawaii US 6/23/1967
49 Bromus madritensis L. Puu Holoholoku Paddock, Waimea, South Kohala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E. Y. 2107 Hawaii US 5/26/1938
50 Bromus madritensis L. kukaiau ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 14219 Hawaii US 8/19/1916
51 Bromus madritensis L. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Kipuka Nene, Hilina Pali Road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F. R. 53676 Hawaii US 4/12/1971
52 Bromus madritensis L. East Maui, NW slope, town of Keokea, dry scrubland downslope of Kula Hwy PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.; Char, W.; Morden, C. 98-11 Maui US 8/17/1998
53 Bromus madritensis L. Schofield Barracks PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 13922 Oahu US 6/30/2016
54 Bromus madritensis L. Waimea District; Waimea Canyon State Park; west side of canyon at mile 11.3 of Hwy 550 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. W.; Palmer, D.; Gustafson, B. 4533 Kauai US 4/17/1991
55 Bromus madritensis L. waimea district; waimea canyon state park; west side of canyon at mile 11.3 of hwy 550 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. w. flynn, d. palmer & b. gustafson 4533 Kauai US 4/17/1991
56 Bromus madritensis L. waimea district crossover between awaawapuhi trail and nualolo trail Disturbed trail side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & m. james 2445 Kauai US 5/26/1972
57 Bromus madritensis L. Kula, near foot of Haleakala Road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F. R. 55668 Maui US 3/14/1975
58 Bromus madritensis L. On rd from saddle (Humuula Sta.) to State Park cabins (Halepohaku), S slope of Mauna Kea Volcano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Iltis, H. H.; Iltis, C. M. H-196 Hawaii US 6/23/1967
59 Bromus madritensis L. near old parker ranch headquarters PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. whitney 4140 Hawaii US 4/6/1936
60 Bromus madritensis L. Settlement Trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 650.Mo. Molokai BISH 3/29/1915
61 Bromus madritensis L. w maui, launiupoko, two gulches n of valley Dense patches in thin soil above a rocky precipice. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 4243 Maui BISH 1/23/2006
62 Bromus madritensis L. na pali coast, nualolo kai, near sea level Growing near shore with other exotic grasses and shrubs such as Leucaena leucocephala. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN corn, c. clarke, g.; cuddihy, l.w.; yoshida, l. collector number: esp 441 Kauai BISH 7/20/1979
63 Bromus madritensis L. Hanalei Dist., Kalalau Rim, 150 m W of Peach Tree Ridge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K. R. 1792 Kauai US 4/15/1992
64 Bromus madritensis L. pohakuloa, growing along saddle road, 35 miles from hilo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. collector number: 562 Kauai BISH 7/15/1981
65 Bromus madritensis L. honopu at base of cliff behind beach Growing in sandy soil beneath a small seep. Plants in dense clumps. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 1658 Kauai BISH 8/8/1982
66 Bromus madritensis L. na pali coast, honopu beach, elevation near sea level On talus slope behind sand dunes. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN corn, c. clarke, g.; cuddihy, l.w.; yoshida, l. collector number: esp 413 Kauai BISH 7/20/1979
67 Bromus madritensis L. Hale Pohaku, Mauna Kea, Hamakua District Growing beneath mamane tree in cinder substrate in open mamane parkland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. Collector Number: 892 Hawaii BISH 10/6/1981
68 Bromus madritensis L. kukaiau ranch ravine PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hitchcock, a.s. collector number: 14219 Hawaii BISH 8/19/1916
69 Bromus madritensis L. east maui, makawao district, ulupalakua Growing nicely in pasture, local patch. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 1787 Maui BISH 4/8/1937
70 Bromus madritensis L. east maui, makawao district, kalialinui gulch In grazed area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h40150 Maui BISH 4/29/2001
71 Bromus madritensis L. waikoloa, so. kohala district along saddle road about 1 mi. n. of kilohana girl scout camp Annual grass, abundant in this area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 5828 Hawaii BISH 4/20/1976
72 Bromus madritensis L. ahumoa Common PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. spence, g. collector number: 5325 Hawaii BISH 5/21/1975
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