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Halophila hawaiiana

Doty & B.C.Stone (1967)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Alismatales Family: Hydrocharitaceae Genus: Halophila

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennial herbs of saltwater.

Stems: Rhizomes up to 2 mm in diameter, scales transparent, suborbicular or obovate, 3–8 mm long, convex or folded, slightly to conspicuously keeled, apex emarginate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades very narrowly obovate to spatulate, 20–30 mm long, 2.5–6 mm wide. Margins entire. 8–10(–12) veins on each side of the midrib, diverging at more than 45" angle from midrib. Petioles 15–25 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers unisexual (and the plants monoecious or dioecious). Tepals of staminate flowers 3, white with a dark median stripe, elliptic, ca. 4 mm long, on pedicels ca. 10–20 mm long. Stamens 3, alternate with the tepals; anthers dithecal or quadrithecal, dehiscing lengthwise. Staminate flowers pedicellate. Ovary inferior, pistillate flowers with hypanthium 3–5 mm long; ovules 12–15; styles 3, 12–15 mm long.

Fruit: Fruit globose; 3–4(–6) mm long. Seeds subglobose; ca. 1 mm long; the surface tuberculate to reticulate.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in saltwater in sandy or muddy areas of fish ponds and sandy reef flats.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) Endemic
Kaua'i Endemic
Manawai (Pearl & Hermes Atoll) Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Brittonia 18: 303 (1967)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1443 (K, O, Mo, M); DeFelice 1999:3 (Mi); McDermid et al. 2003 (DESCR); Kennedy et al. 2010:22 (PH)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Halophila hawaiiana Hanalei District, along Anini Beach Rd at Kalihi Kai Beach Park, just E of Hononu Point Sheltered lagoon behind fringing reef, ca 15-20m from shore. rooting in smooth coral sand bottom. Preserved_Specimen Rhizomatous herb, rhizomes white, brittle, lvs bright med grn. Sterile. In dense beds 2-3 x 1-2m. Lorence, D.H. 8464 Kauai BISH 2000-02-21
2 Halophila hawaiiana Sand Island, MIdway Island, E side of Harbor Spit. 20 yards offshore Sand/coral rubble substrate. Preserved_Specimen Fortner, H.J. Oahu BISH 1983-06-29
3 Halophila hawaiiana Lanikai Sandy bottom in about 12 feet of water seaward of Lanikai. Preserved_Specimen Mayor, R. 24883 Oahu BISH 1974-03-17
4 Halophila hawaiiana W Maui, Lahaina District, Launiupoko State Park High subtidal; In sand. Preserved_Specimen Puttock, C.F. 1018 Maui BISH 2001-02-08
5 Halophila hawaiiana Pupoo [sp?] Fish pond. Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 603 Molokai BISH 1912-09-01
6 Halophila hawaiiana Mokuania In shallow salt water. Preserved_Specimen flower and fruit not found. Cooke, C.M. 1306 Oahu BISH 1924-08-25
7 Halophila hawaiiana Hanalei District: Anini Beach along Anini Road, just opposite house at 4085 Anini Road Marine lagoon sheltered behind coral reef. One bed of c. 3 x 3 m. seen in sand pocket surrounded by coral. Preserved_Specimen Rhizomatous herb rooting in coral sand bottom in 1-1.5 m. of water. Rhizomes white, leaves medium green. Lorence, D.H. 8491 Kauai BISH 2000-06-25
8 Halophila hawaiiana Hauula Stranded on beach. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10132 Oahu BISH 1929-12-29
9 Halophila hawaiiana Front of Kaimana Hotel, Waikiki Sandy substrate - 40 m from Low Tide Line. Associated with: Halimeda discoidea. Preserved_Specimen Botany Class S181 42 Oahu BISH 1967-07-16
10 Halophila hawaiiana On reef flat off of Hotel Molokai Mixed fine sand/mud and coral rubble. Preserved_Specimen Separated from mixed collection with Halophila hawaiiana (Hydrocharitaceae) (BISH 665473). Coles, S.L. Molokai BISH 2000-05-29
11 Halophila hawaiiana Waikiki. E of Natatorium Reef flat in 1 to 3 ft of water at low tide. Areas of submarine meadows, with algae, in stable areas of sand, about 100 ft. Preserved_Specimen Rhizomes creeping under (whitish sand on surface, black below); petioles with blades emergent. Doty, M.S. 3208 Oahu BISH 1960-01-13
12 Halophila hawaiiana W Maui, Lahaina District, Launiupoko State Park High subtidal; In sand. Preserved_Specimen Puttock, C.F. 1018 Maui BISH 2001-02-08
13 Halophila hawaiiana about 1 mi NW of Kapapa Island, Kaneohe Bay Growing in sand submerged under water on a shoal. Preserved_Specimen Webster, G.L. 1189 Oahu BISH 1948-01-17
14 Halophila hawaiiana Diamond Head, Palolo, Oahu Buried to base of blades in coral snd, inside reef. Preserved_Specimen Rogers, D.P. 1330 Oahu BISH 1946-05-31
15 Halophila hawaiiana On reef flat off of Hotel Molokai. Complete coordinates: 21° 4.471 N, 156° 59.829 W Mixed fine sand/mud and coral rubble. Preserved_Specimen Coles, S.L. Molokai BISH 2000-05-29
16 Halophila hawaiiana Coconut Island, Kaneohe Bay Abundant but in sparse 5 m to 2 m patches of flat raised darkened sand on the N reef flat. Preserved_Specimen (Not on sheet) 31821 Oahu BISH 1982-11-25
17 Halophila hawaiiana Waikiki, by Natatorium In 3-4 ft of water. Preserved_Specimen Forming submarine meadows. Stone, B.C. 3208 Oahu BISH
18 Halophila hawaiiana Heeia Bridge, windward Oahu Abundant in fish-pond, quite salty, densely covering mud-bottom. Preserved_Specimen Stems prostrate, leaves transparent green. Fosberg, F.R. 27155 Oahu BISH 1946-11-03
19 Halophila hawaiiana Anini, Kalihiwai Park, E of Honu point, 30 m outside of boat ramp, near pavilion sea grass Preserved_Specimen evenly carpeting sandy bottom; many patches 5x5 m; leaves filmy green; stems white; unfurled leaves yellow green Wood, K.R. 8774 Kauai BISH 2000-10-22
20 Halophila hawaiiana Honolulu, along the Kahala flats Growing on sandy bottom in shallow water. Preserved_Specimen Buggeln, R.G. 14171 Oahu BISH 1964-05-21
21 Halophila hawaiiana Kauai Preserved_Specimen A major component of reef flat flora. Alvarez, V.B. 32239 Kauai BISH 1983-05-25
22 Halophila hawaiiana Kihei, Lipoa St. Preserved_Specimen Hodgson, L.M. 25021 Maui BISH 2000-02-06
23 Halophila hawaiiana Kalaaloa [Kalae Loa?] snorkling. Sand and coral rubble bottom Preserved_Specimen Magruder, W.H. Molokai BISH 1988-07-21
24 Halophila hawaiiana Fishpond at Pukoo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 603 Molokai BISH
25 Halophila hawaiiana Site 74 Preserved_Specimen Geisler, K.J. 30385 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 2000-10-09
26 Halophila hawaiiana Pupoo [sp?] Fish pond. Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 603 Molokai BISH 1912-09-01
27 Halophila hawaiiana stranded on beach at Hauula Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10132 Oahu BISH 1929-12-29
28 Halophila hawaiiana Anini Beach, Kauai Island Preserved_Specimen Newhouse, W.J. 31042 Kauai BISH 1959-04-27
29 Halophila hawaiiana Hanalei District: along Anini Beach Road at Kalihi Kai Beach Park, just E of Hononu Point; sheltered lagoon behind fringing reef, ca 15-20 m from shore Preserved_Specimen Rhizomatous herb rooting in smooth coral sand bottom in 1-1.5 m of water. rhizomes white, brittle, leaves bright medium green. Sterile. Localized, in dencse beds 2-3x 1-2m. About 3-4 beds seen locally. Lorence, D.H. 8464 Kauai BISH 2000-02-21
30 Halophila hawaiiana unknown Preserved_Specimen Fortner, H.J. BISH
31 Halophila hawaiiana unknown Preserved_Specimen Doty, M.S. 31821 BISH
32 Halophila hawaiiana Kihei Preserved_Specimen Matsui, T. 12870 Maui BISH 1955-09-09
33 Halophila hawaiiana Kihei Preserved_Specimen Hodgson, L.M. 21519 Maui BISH 1994-03-26
34 Halophila hawaiiana Heeia Bridge, windward Oahu Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 27155 Oahu BISH 1946-11-03
35 Halophila hawaiiana Dredged from pele off Oahu Preserved_Specimen Doty, M.S. 20084 Oahu BISH 1963-10-31
36 Halophila hawaiiana Mokuauia, Small islet off of Malaekahana, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Cooke Jr., C.M. 17 Oahu BISH 1915-08-19
37 Halophila hawaiiana Kihei, Lipoa St. Preserved_Specimen Hodgson, L.M. 25021 Maui BISH 2000-02-06
38 Halophila hawaiiana Fishpond at Pukoo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 603 Molokai BISH
39 Halophila hawaiiana Near St. Theresa's Church, Kihei Preserved_Specimen Matsui, T. 19084 Maui BISH 1959-03-25
40 Halophila hawaiiana on clean packed sand underlaid by silt-laden black sand 1-3 ft below low tide, Waikiki Preserved_Specimen Doty, M.S. 3208 Oahu BISH 1960-01-13
41 Halophila hawaiiana Molii Pond, Kualoa, Station 2 Preserved_Specimen Engard, C.J. Oahu BISH 1944-09-05
42 Halophila hawaiiana Islet off Malaekahana-Mokuauia Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1938-06-19
43 Halophila hawaiiana Pearl & Hermes Reef Preserved_Specimen 7499 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 2002-09-27
44 Halophila hawaiiana unknown Preserved_Specimen Mayor, R. 0.24883 BISH 1974-03-17
45 Halophila hawaiiana Kailua (Oahu or Hawaii?) Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. BISH 1940-09-15
46 Halophila hawaiiana unknown Preserved_Specimen Mihata, J.R. 42 BISH
47 Halophila hawaiiana unknown Preserved_Specimen Doty, M.S. 32239 BISH
48 Halophila hawaiiana unknown Preserved_Specimen Matsui, T. 0.19084 BISH
49 Halophila hawaiiana unknown Preserved_Specimen Newhouse, W.J. 0.31042 BISH
50 Halophila hawaiiana Coconut Island, Windward reef Preserved_Specimen Hodgson, L.M. 28320 Oahu BISH 2001-04-20
51 Halophila hawaiiana unknown Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. BISH
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