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Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Clermontia

‘ōhā, ‘ōhā wai, hāhā, ʻōhā wai [oha wai]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or trees, 1–6 m tall, terrestrial or rarely epiphytic.

Stems: Stems branched repeatedly, spreading, light gray or light brown, glabrous or rarely pubescent, with numerous helically arranged leaf scars near apex, pith solid, latex white, viscous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades 4–12 cm long, 1.5–4.5 cm wide. Apex acute, acuminate, or cuspidate, rarely obtuse or rounded. Base cuneate or attenuate, rarely obtuse or rounded. Lower surfaces glabrous or pubescent along the veins. Margins callose crenulate, rarely callose–serrulate. Petioles 0.8–2.8 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in peduncle 2.2–8.5 cm long; pedicels 1.6–7 cm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), epigynous, zygomorphic, resupinate, protandrous. Hypanthium 1.1–1.6 (–1.8) cm long, 1.1–1.4 cm in diameter. Calyx synsepalous; tube adnate to the ovary, forming a hypanthium, hemispheric, obconic, obovoid, turbinate, or rarely oblong, smooth or with 10 longitudinal furrows, rarely muricate or with 10 longitudinal ridges; lobes 5, valvate, either less than 1⁄2 as long as the corolla, distinct or rarely connate at base, persistent, triangular or deltate, rarely oblong or ovate, firm, green, or as long as the corolla (rarely only ⅔ as long), connate for 1/5–⅘ their length, deciduous, mimicking the corolla in shape, texture, and color. Perianth 5.1–7 cm long, green, purple, maroon, or rose, often longitudinally striped, the calyx lobes sometimes as little as ⅔ as long as corolla; tube 2.8–6.4 cm long, 0.9–1.4 cm in diameter, curved, wider at middle than at base; lobes 0.9–1.7 (–2.1) cm long, 4–7 mm wide, suberect or slightly spreading. Stamens 5, syngenesious, alternate with the corolla lobes, included or exserted; anthers connate, dithecal, opening introrsely by longitudinal slits, purple or white, the 3 dorsal ones a little longer than the 2 ventral ones, the latter with tufts of stiff white trichomes at apex, otherwise glabrous, or sometimes pubescent along the sutures, rarely so on the surfaces; anther tube 1 1.4 cm long, 2.5–3.5 mm in diameter; filaments 4.8–6.4 cm long, connate above, free from the corolla, purple, magenta, or white, glabrous. Pollen tricolporate, prolate, ellipsoidal. Ovary inferior, 2-carpellate, 2-loculed; ovule placentation axile, placentae large; style slender, terete (cylindrical), with a ring of stiff white hairs near apex; stigma 2-lobed, the lobes appressed and non–receptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out pollen, after which the stigmas spread and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries 1.6–2.6 cm long; 1–2 cm in diameter; orange; obovoid or subglobose. Seeds numerous; tiny; dark brown or black; minutely foveate–reticulate; shiny; with a straight; short to spatulate dicotyledonous embryo embedded in oily endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 14*.

Habitat: Endemic to West Maui; montane bogs.

Elevation Range: 610–1750 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Molokai Unknown
Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:430 (WM); Lammers 1991:76 (KEY, DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, Haelaau-Puu Kukui Preserved_Specimen 5 m branched shrub; greenish ivory petals, purple staminal column Ewart III, G.R. 88 Maui BISH 1928-12-19
2 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W Maui, Puu Kukui Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 432 Maui BISH 1916-09-25
3 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, Honokawaii Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8193 Maui BISH 1910-08-01
4 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, Lahaina, Violet Lake, 1 mi. NNW of Puu Kukui Preserved_Specimen 1 m shrub; calyx and corolla dark maroon-purple; staminal column dark claret; anthers dull dark purple Lammers, T.G. 5673 Maui BISH 1984-07-14
5 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora Waihee Preserved_Specimen Wawra, H. 1955 Maui BISH
6 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W Maui, Lahaina District, Haelaau, Honokahua-Amalu ridge Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 3924 Maui BISH 1938-08-01
7 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, Honokawaii Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8193 Maui BISH 1910-08-01
8 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, Honokawai Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8205 Maui BISH 1910-08-01
9 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, Honokawaii Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8193 Maui BISH 1910-08-01
10 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, Honokawaii Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8193 Maui BISH 1910-08-01
11 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora Puu Kukui. Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 619 Maui BISH 1916-09-25
12 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W. Maui: between Puu Kukui and Nakalalua. Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2707 Maui BISH 1938-07-26
13 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora Lahaina Distr., Honokawai ahupuaa, Tr 36(20), along Puu Kukui Trail, West Maui Forest Reserve Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. On low exposed slopes. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2m. tall, 45-50 branches; corolla & calyx lobes pale green with purple tinge outside, white inside; purple staminal column. Warshauer, F.R. 3033 Maui BISH 1980-08-14
14 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, near Nakalalua Thicket near crest Preserved_Specimen Calyx greenish, petals whitish, stamens violet, berry yellowish, oblong-turbinate, truncate. St.John, H. 10237 Maui BISH 1930-02-06
15 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, Puu Kukui In swamp Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Maui BISH 1933-08-16
16 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W Maui, Lahaina District, Lihau Montane Wet Shrubland at 4000 ft in a wet montane forest dominated by a canopy of Metrosideros and Cheirodendron with a diverse subcanopy with Coprosma, Clermontia arborescens, Pelea, Cyanea macrostegia, and native ferns and sedges in the understory Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1179 Maui BISH 1991-08-24
17 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, Wailuku Distr., Keahikauo Bog, northeast of Eke Crater and about 1200 ft below it Bog Preserved_Specimen Low shrub, 3-4 ft. tall at fringes of bog; flws. green. Gustafson, R. 2029 Maui BISH 1980-12-10
18 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W Maui, Puu Kukui rain forest Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Maui BISH 1933-08-16
19 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, Kukui bog; with Metrosideros polymorpha, Argyroxiphium grayanum Preserved_Specimen to 4 shrub with red-purple flowers Carlquist, S. 2139 Maui BISH 1966-08-10
20 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora Koolau Ahupuaa, East Maui, between forks of the Hanawi Stream. Transect point MT, Station 12. Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a native shrub-matted fern understory. Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 3021 Maui BISH 1984-07-28
21 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W.Maui: Puu Kukui, on ridge, Trail to Nakalalua. On ridge. Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2687 Maui BISH 1938-07-26
22 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, near Nakalalua Thicket near crest Preserved_Specimen Calyx greenish petals whitish, stamens violet, berry yellowish, oblong-turbinate, truncate. St.John, H. 10237 Maui BISH 1930-02-06
23 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W Maui, Lahaina District, trail from Kaulalewelewe to Violet Lake wet forest Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m shrub; calyx and corolla dark maroon-purple; staminal column dark claret; anthers dull dark purple Lammers, T.G. 5678 Maui BISH 1984-07-14
24 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W. Maui: Honokahua-Amalu ridge, above Haelaau. Ridge. Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 3923 Maui BISH 1938-07-28
25 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W Maui, Puu Kukui forest below summit Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 747 Maui BISH 1922-10-09
26 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora Wailau Ahupuaa, East Molokai, western ridge of Olokui Plateau above Pelekunu Valley., Transect 19, Station 12. Wet matted-fern and/or native shrub community with scattered ohia and other native trees. Preserved_Specimen Corolla = calyx length, both are purple outside and pale green inside. Warshauer, F.R. 2990 Molokai BISH 1980-08-05
27 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W. Maui: Haelaau-Puu Kukui trail. Trail. Preserved_Specimen Ewart III, G.R. 102 Maui BISH 1928-12-18
28 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora Lahaina Distr., Honokawai ahupuaa, Tr 36(20), along Puu Kukui Trail, West Maui Forest Reserve Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. On low exposed slopes. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2m. tall, 45-50 branches; corolla & calyx lobes pale green with purple tinge outside, white inside; purple staminal column. Warshauer, F.R. 3033 Maui BISH 1980-08-14
29 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, Kukui with Metrosideros polymorpha, Coprosma stephanocarpa, Ilex anomala, Freycinetia arborea, Broussaisia arguta Preserved_Specimen to 8' shrub; flowers green, staminal column red violet Carlquist, S. 2152 Maui BISH 1966-08-10
30 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora Puu Kukui. Rain Forest at the top. Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m shrub, corolla and calyx purplish-red. Anthers purple. Wilbur, R.L. 800 Maui BISH 1948-06-26
31 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W Maui, Puu Kukui Growing in draw to right (south) of trail Preserved_Specimen Shrub with drooping long inflorescence. Mature flowers not seen Gillett, G.W. 1784 Maui BISH 1965-06-21
32 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, NW Kukui Preserved_Specimen 5-6' shrub; flowers pendant; calyx green with purple nerves; corolla light green; anthers dark purple; stems with milky juice Crosby, M.R. 1877 Maui BISH 1984-07-20
33 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, Kukui Preserved_Specimen large, pendant red flowers Gillett, G.W. 2428 Maui BISH 1972-07-02
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