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Cyrtandra macraei

A.Gray (1861)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Gesneriaceae Genus: Cyrtandra

ha‘iwale [haiwale], kanawao ke‘oke‘o [kanawao keokeo]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 1.5–4 m tall.

Stems: Stems unbranched to few–branched. rounded to angular, pubescent with multicellular hairs or glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, borne on upper 3–6 nodes. Those leaves of a pair unequal, symmetrical to slightly asymmetrical, broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, 11–34 cm long, 5.7–15.5 cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base cuneate. Upper surfaces sparsely covered with white, hemispherical, subsessile glands; lower surfaces moderately covered with subsessile glands and sometimes also appressed short–villous along veins; thick, chartaceous. Margins crenate, denticulate, or serrate. Upper surface with impressed veins, lower surface with conspicuously raised reticulate veins. Petioles 3–13 cm long, base sometimes clasping the stem or perfoliate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 10–25 in short, dense, compound, umbelliform cymes arising in the leaf axils, moderately covered with subsessile glands throughout, peduncles stout, 3–10 mm long, pedicels slender, 6–12 mm long, elongating to 8–17 mm long in fruit, bracts narrowly ovate to lanceolate, distinct or occasionally connate, 0.5–3 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 2–5(6)-lobed, actinomorphic or nearly so, green, 2–4(–5) mm long, cleft 1⁄2–⅔ its length, the lobes very narrowly deltate, lower 3 slightly longer, all lobes moderately covered with subsessile glands, deciduous or persistent in fruit. Corolla usually bilabiate, white, tube subcylindrical, slightly curved above middle, 6–14 mm long, enlarging to ca. 4–6 mm in diameter medially, moderately covered with subsessile glands, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes imbricate in bud, upper lobes reniform, 1.5–2 mm long, 3–4 mm wide, lower lobes broadly elliptic, 3–5 mm long, 4–5 mm wide. Stamens 5, inserted about halfway up corolla tube, the 2 upper Stamens fertile, others staminodial, +/– with abortive anthers; fertile anthers coherent positioned in throat of corolla tube, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits or occasionally by apical pores. Ovary superior, oblong–ovoid, 2-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal, placentas 2, ± intruded, rarely joined in center and dividing ovary into 2 cells; ovules numerous, anatropous, pubescent or glabrous, covered with subsessile glands, apex rounded or with a stylar beak; style ca. 2 mm long, covered with subsessile glands; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, lobes usually elliptic.

Fruit: Fruit a fleshy or firm berry; white; narrowly ovoid; 0.9–1.2 cm long; covered with subsessile glands; often tipped by the persistent stylar beak. Seeds numerous; ellipsoid; minute; 0.3–0.4 mm long; the surface reticulate.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in moist; shaded gulch–bottoms and along stream banks in mesic valleys; occasionally in wet forest.

Elevation Range: 240–550 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Unknown
O'ahu Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 852 (1861)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:767 (O)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyrtandra macraei Wailupe; Kukui shaded banks near waterfall; next to Cyrtandra hybrid 2668 Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2667 Oahu BISH 1986-06-01
2 Cyrtandra macraei Kului Gulch W. of Hawaiiloa Ridge, 350-450 m s.m Together with Cyrtandra paludosa & C. cordifolia Preserved_Specimen Shrub to 1.5m. Kiehn, M. Oahu BISH 1994-07-18
3 Cyrtandra macraei Waahila On rock rubble with Cyrtandra grandiflora and C. cordifolia; hybridizing with the latter; local cover dominants = Cyanea angustifolia, Boehmeria grandis, and Charpentiera ovata Preserved_Specimen 8 ft. shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 2708 Oahu BISH 1986-07-01
4 Cyrtandra macraei S. fork Kahanaiki Stream, Kailua, Koolau Range Open scrub Preserved_Specimen 2 m. shrub Pearsall, G.A. Oahu BISH 1955-09-02
5 Cyrtandra macraei Koolau Range, Maunawili, directly back of Kaimi Farm, near base of pali, In moist woods Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 252 Oahu BISH 1935-01-23
6 Cyrtandra macraei Kapakahi Vertical rock face with Pipturus and Adiantum Preserved_Specimen Shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 2550 Oahu BISH 1985-11-01
7 Cyrtandra macraei In deep ravines of Palolo Valley Along water courses, flowering and fruiting Feb. 9, 1918 (type), in herb. This variety differs considerably from the species; mainly in the small leaves and dense agglomerate inflorescence which is confined to the upper leaf axils; the flowers are much smaller, as are the fruits Preserved_Specimen A small tree or shrub 3 m. high, with numerous slender, angular branches, pruinose towards the apex; leaves ovate-oblong, caudaely acuminate at the apex, cuneate at the base, bright green and puberulous along the nerves and leaf-base above, grayish to canescent below, and pubescent, especially along the midrib and nerves, thin-chartaceous, denticulte excedpting the base, 1-15 cm. long, 5.5-8 cm. wide, onpetioles of 3.5-6.5 cm.; inflorescence densely crowded in the axils of the uypper ldaves, pruinose, the peduncle 3-4 mm.; pedicels 5 mm.; flowers numerous, glomerate; calyx 3 mm., including the lancelate lobes; corolla 8 mm.,, white-pruininose in the bud, little less so when mature, berry elliptical, acute, 6-8 mm. long. Rock, J.F.C. 13079 Oahu BISH 1918-02-09
8 Cyrtandra macraei Waianae kai, Makaha. Below Coffea, near abandoned camp Clidemia hirta. With Pisonia sandwicensis, Freycinetia, Broussaisia, Doodia kunthiana, Urera glabra, Labordia kaalae, Ilex, Psychotria hathewayi, Perrottetia, Dubautia plantaginea, Peperomia, Melicope peduncularis, Myrsine lessertiana, 300 deg. N aspect. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 8548 Oahu BISH 2000-06-24
9 Cyrtandra macraei Koolau Range, Palolo, Kaau Cascade, by waterfall Moist thicket Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4 m. x 3 cm.; branchelets green, quadrangular; petioles 3.5-4.5 mm. diam.; blades thick chartaceous, above darkish green, imressed nerved, below very pale green, raised rugose nerved; calyx bright green; corolla white. St.John, H. 20296 Oahu BISH 1942-05-17
10 Cyrtandra macraei Koolau Range, N. Fork of Kahanailu Stream, Kailua Open scrub Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m. shrub Pearsall, G.A. Oahu BISH 1955-04-03
11 Cyrtandra macraei Koolau Range, Palolo, Kaau Cascade, by waterfall, Moist thicket Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4 m. x 3 cm.; branchelets green, quadrangular; petioles 3.5-4.5 mm. diam.; blades thick chartaceous, above darkish green, imressed nerved, below very pale green, raised rugose nerved; calyx bright green; corolla white. St.John, H. 20296 Oahu BISH 1942-05-17
12 Cyrtandra macraei Pia Valley, Honolulu Distro., Koolau Mts Moist gulch w/ ferns & Pipturus. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 m ht. Leaves mostly subcordate. corolla tube slightly curved, c. 10 mm long, white, pubescent. Calyx cleft to near the base, puberulent; the lobes narrow, 5 mm long. Fruit white, ovoid, 12 x 8 mm.. Nagata, K.M. 3281 Oahu BISH 1985-06-26
13 Cyrtandra macraei Waianae, Makaleha Valley Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 410 Oahu BISH 1922-10-08
14 Cyrtandra macraei Waianae kai, Makaha With Pisonia sandwicensis, Freycinetia, Broussaisia, Doodia kunthiana, Urera glabra, Labordia kaalae, Ilex, Psychotria hathewayi, Perrottetia, Dubautia plantaginea, Peperomia, Melicope peduncularis, Myrsine lessertiana, Clidemia hirta, hybrid cross of Cyrtandra macraei X C. cordifolia. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 8553 Oahu BISH 2000-06-24
15 Cyrtandra macraei Koolau Range, Punaluu-Kaluanui divide, Wet slope Preserved_Specimen Hume, E.P. 438 Oahu BISH 1931-12-21
16 Cyrtandra macraei Koolau Range, Maunawili, directly back of Kaimi Farm, near base of pali, In moist woods Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 252 Oahu BISH 1935-01-23
17 Cyrtandra macraei Koolau Range, Maunawili, directly back of Kaimi Farm, near base of pali In moist woods Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 252 Oahu BISH 1935-01-23
18 Cyrtandra macraei Vicinity of Kaau Crater On loose rubble slopes with native canopy Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2631 Oahu BISH 1986-05-17
19 Cyrtandra macraei Manoa Valley, Aihualama, swimming pool valley Preserved_Specimen Russell, P. 186 Oahu BISH 1932-07-29
20 Cyrtandra macraei Laulaupoe gulch (east branchof west branch of Wailupe Gulch.) Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6663 Oahu BISH 1970-10-08
21 Cyrtandra macraei Palolo Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 13077 Oahu BISH 1918-02-09
22 Cyrtandra macraei Palolo Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 13079 Oahu BISH 1918-02-09
23 Cyrtandra macraei unknown Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. BISH
24 Cyrtandra macraei Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. BISH
25 Cyrtandra macraei Gulch below Puu Lanipo, Palolo Valley Preserved_Specimen 514 Oahu BISH 1920-08-01
26 Cyrtandra macraei Lehuamakanoe, bogs of Alakai Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH
27 Cyrtandra macraei Oahu Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. Oahu BISH 1864-01-01
28 Cyrtandra macraei Oahu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3105 Oahu BISH 1908-01-01
29 Cyrtandra macraei Oahu Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Oahu BISH
30 Cyrtandra macraei Palolo Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 13079 Oahu BISH 1918-02-09
31 Cyrtandra macraei Palolo Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 13079 Oahu BISH 1918-02-09
32 Cyrtandra macraei Up right hand side to the falls and up a lateral ravine Palolo Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1964 Oahu BISH 1914-10-22
33 Cyrtandra macraei Wailupe Middle Preserved_Specimen Wong, C.C.Y. Oahu BISH 1951-07-07
34 Cyrtandra macraei Waianae Mts., Makaha Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-02-12
35 Cyrtandra macraei Wailupe Middle Preserved_Specimen Wong, C.C.Y. Oahu BISH 1951-07-07
36 Cyrtandra macraei Wailupe Preserved_Specimen Wong, C.C.Y. Oahu BISH 1951-07-28
37 Cyrtandra macraei Waianae Mts., Makaha Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-02-12
38 Cyrtandra macraei Oahu Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Oahu BISH
39 Cyrtandra macraei Wailupe Valley Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Oahu BISH
40 Cyrtandra macraei Koolau Range, Palolo, Kaau Cascade, by waterfall Moist thicket Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4 m. x 3 cm. ; branchelets green, quadrangular; petioles 3.5-4.5 mm. diam.,; blades thick chartaceouse, above darkish green, impressed nerved, below very pale green, raised rugose narved; calyx bright green, corolla white St.John, H. 20296 Oahu BISH 1942-05-17
41 Cyrtandra macraei Kailua, North Fork of Kahanaiki Stream Brushy gulch Preserved_Specimen Pearsall, G.A. Oahu BISH 1955-07-27
42 Cyrtandra macraei Koolau Range, Maunawili, directly back of Kaimi Farm, near base of pali In moist woods Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 252 Oahu BISH 1935-01-23
43 Cyrtandra macraei Koolau Range, Kailua, below Puu Lanipo, near head of gulch, E. fork of Makawao Stream, Under Aleurites trees Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4 m. x 3 cm.; lvs. green above, whitish green below; fls. and fr. white St.John, H. 21546 Oahu BISH 1946-03-20
44 Cyrtandra macraei Laulaupoe; Wailupe drainage, Kukui-shaded streambed Preserved_Specimen small shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 2663 Oahu BISH 1986-06-15
45 Cyrtandra macraei Easternmost gulch of West Branch of East Makaleha Valley Sunny, shrubby, wet gulch Preserved_Specimen Single 5 ft. shrub; leaves not rugose. Degener, O. 20863 Oahu BISH 1950-10-09
46 Cyrtandra macraei Koolau Range, Kailua, below Puu Lanipo, near head of gulch, E. fork of Makawao Stream, Undre Aleurites trees Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4 m. x 3 cm.; lvs. green above, witish green below; fls and fr. white St.John, H. 21546 Oahu BISH 1946-03-20
47 Cyrtandra macraei Niu Mauka, Central ridge Growing with Cyrtandra grandiflora and C. cordifolia; collecton site generally in Psidium and Aleurites Preserved_Specimen 4 ft. shrub, leaves opposite Takeuchi, W.N. 2456 Oahu BISH 1985-09-15
48 Cyrtandra macraei Koolau Range, Palolo, Kaau Cascade, by waterfall Moist thicket Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4 m. x 3 cm.; branchlets green, quadrangular; petioles 3.5-4.5 mm. diam. ; blades thich chartaceous, above darkish green, impressed nerved, below very pale green, raised rugose nerved; calyx bright green; corolla white St.John, H. 20296 Oahu BISH 1942-05-17
49 Cyrtandra macraei Kailua, fourth S. fork of S Fork of Kahanaiki Stream Open scrub of guava, Clermontia, Rubus Preserved_Specimen Pearsall, G.A. 6 Oahu BISH 1955-09-18
50 Cyrtandra macraei Koolau Range, Wailupe Valley, near head Along wooded water courses Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 246 Oahu BISH 1933-06-25
51 Cyrtandra macraei West Wailupe, Moist shaded stream bank Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. Oahu BISH 1951-06-21
52 Cyrtandra macraei Koolau Range, Palolo, Kaau Cascade, by waterfall Moist thicket Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4 m. x 3 cm.; branchlets green, quadrangular; petioles 3.5-4.5 mm. diam. ; blades thich chartaceous, above darkish green, impressed nerved, below very pale green, raised rugose nerved; calyx bright green; corolla white St.John, H. 20296 Oahu BISH 1942-05-17
53 Cyrtandra macraei Koolau Range, Maunawili, directly back of Kaimi Farm, near base of pali In moist woods Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 252 Oahu BISH 1935-01-23
54 Cyrtandra macraei Koolau Mts., leeward side, Palolo drainage, Pukele streambed below waterfall Highly disturbed area, Aleurites, Cordyline, Pisonia canopy with Setaria palmifolia. Primarily on steep rocky slopes and sheer wall of waterfall, but not in area of waer or splash zone. Growing with the more common Cyrtandra cordifolia (56791) and hybridizing with it (5688-5690, 5693-5695). Preserved_Specimen Young parts and inflorescence with dull mealy appearance; calyx green; corolla slender, curved., Plants of scattered occurrence in area Wagner, W.L. 5692 Oahu BISH 1986-11-02
55 Cyrtandra macraei Waimomao, barely visible from channel of flowing stream In dense cover of Christella cyatheoides Preserved_Specimen Shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 2586 Oahu BISH 1985-12-25
56 Cyrtandra macraei Koolau Mts., Hidden Valley, along stream near Ochrosia #5418, S Side Bank In area of Kukui, Urera, Guava, Hibiscus; Lots of pig damage Preserved_Specimen Plants 5-6 ft. ht, fl & fr Perlman, S. 5417 Oahu BISH 1987-03-08
57 Cyrtandra macraei Pia Valley, Honolulu Distro., Koolau Mts Moist gulch w/ ferns & Pipturus. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 m ht. Leaves mostly subcordate. corolla tube slightly curved, c. 10 mm long, white, pubescent. Calyx cleft to near the base, puberulent; the lobes narrow, 5 mm long. Fruit white, ovoid, 12 x 8 mm.. Nagata, K.M. 3281 Oahu BISH 1985-06-26
58 Cyrtandra macraei Waimanalo, Koolau Range, 1st Gulch S.E. of Aniani Nui Ridge Under Aleurites trees Preserved_Specimen 2 m. shrub; lvs. above green, below whitish; fl. white, St.John, H. 21540 Oahu BISH 1946-03-20
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