img

Ageratina adenophora

(Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob. (1970)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Asteraceae Genus: Ageratina

ageratina, Crofton weed, Maui pāmakani [Maui pamakani], pāmakani haole [pamakani haole]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form:

Stems:

Roots: Roots fibrous.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades deltate or rhombic Apex acute. Base obtuse. Margins serrate/dentate.

Flowers:

Fruit:

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Native Range

Meso America

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Specimens

img

Notes

  • Ageratina adenophora is native to Meso-America but widely introduced around the world. Introduced to Hawaii prior to 1886. It is typically found growing in wet places but may be found in drier habitat or disturbed areas during the rainy season or where surface water is available.

  • Potent toxicological effects… impairs spleen function in mice through oxidative stress damage and pyroptosis (Sun et al. 2019).

Bibliography

Name Published In: Phytologia 19: 211 (1970)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:254 (O, Mo, L, M)

Wan, F., Liu, W., Guo, J., Qiang, S., Li, B., Wang, J., & Jiang, Z. (2010). Invasive mechanism and control strategy of Ageratina adenophora (Sprengel). Science China Life Sciences, 53(11), 1291-1298.

Sun, W., Zeng, C., Yue, D., Liu, S., Ren, Z., Zuo, Z., & Hu, Y. (2019). Ageratina adenophora causes spleen toxicity by inducing oxidative stress and pyroptosis in mice. Royal Society open science, 6(7), 190127.

Poudel, A. S., Jha, P. K., Shrestha, B. B., & Muniappan, R. (2019). Biology and management of the invasive weed Ageratina adenophora (Asteraceae): current state of knowledge and future research needs. Weed Research, 59(2), 79-92.

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Ageratina adenophora East Maui, Hana District, Haleakala National Park Upper Kaupo Gap, along trail In very open, old Acacia forest, grazed area covered primarily by grass Preserved_Specimen Stems purple, flowers white Higashino, P.K. 864 Maui BISH 1975-06-22
2 Ageratina adenophora Trail from Kamoku Flats to Puu Kolekole In moist gully Preserved_Specimen Plant 4-5 ft tall, flowers white, those toward center of head purplish Crosby, M.R. 1659 Molokai BISH 1964-07-03
3 Ageratina adenophora Waianae Mts, Honouliuli, Pohakea Pass Brushy dry slope Preserved_Specimen Suffrutescent, 1 m ht herbage, strong smelling, flowers white Fosberg, F.R. 13094 Oahu BISH 1936-05-03
4 Ageratina adenophora Kaneohe, Nuuanu Pali Road steep slope Preserved_Specimen 2 m tufts St.John, H. 20124 Oahu BISH 1940-11-23
5 Ageratina adenophora Waianae Mts, Mokuleia Head of Kapuna Valley, Piko Trail Moist forest Preserved_Specimen Flowers white Fosberg, F.R. 13034 Oahu BISH 1936-04-11
6 Ageratina adenophora Koolau Mts., Waimalu Ridge wet shrubby forest Preserved_Specimen flowers white Fosberg, F.R. 9466 Oahu BISH 1933-04-30
7 Ageratina adenophora Haleakala Haiku-Uka Trail Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Flowers white Fosberg, F.R. 9893 Maui BISH 1933-08-18
8 Ageratina adenophora Haleakala Crateralley 2 mi W of Paliku Cabins On crater floor, in aa lava, in partial shade of Sophora Preserved_Specimen Flowers white Henrickson, J.S. 3714 Maui BISH 1969-06-24
9 Ageratina adenophora East Maui, Hana District, Hana Forest Reserve In open, disturbed areas with Carex alligata & Erechtites Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 406 Maui BISH 1973-08-13
10 Ageratina adenophora Kalaupapa; Puu Alii, fenceline disturbed Preserved_Specimen subshrub Wysong, M.L. 673 Molokai BISH 2005-03-22
11 Ageratina adenophora East Maui, Hana District, Waihoi Valley, Transect 1 In Lycopodium cernum & Dicranopteris Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 168 Maui BISH 1972-08-04
12 Ageratina adenophora Olokui Betw upper forks of Wailele Stream Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Abundant, the only common weed in the native forest St.John, H. 23284 Molokai BISH 1948-02-06
13 Ageratina adenophora East Maui, Poli Poli State Park At main campground In Eucalyptus-Pine forest, Growing as undergrowth Preserved_Specimen Erect shrub, 4 ft ht, stems reddish-brown. Leaves opposite, ovate, 5 cm long, obtuse at base, margin serrate. Inflores. a terminal corymb, flowers white Spence, G. 70 Maui BISH 1972-10-15
14 Ageratina adenophora Palikea trail, about 1.5 km. northof trailhead. WGS84 coordinates: Lat. 21.414537, Long. -158.099954 Native dominated habit. Preserved_Specimen Herb to 1 meter, uncommon. Faccenda, K. 3225 Oahu BISH 2023-07-01
15 Ageratina adenophora Near Koko Head, Mauna o Ahi Ridge Found along crest in upper haole koa zone & lower forest zone to summit Preserved_Specimen Egler, F.E. 3736 Oahu BISH 1937-06-20
16 Ageratina adenophora Haleakala National Park, Kipahulu Valley Mid-ohia Transect Open-closed Metrosideros ca 10m tall, understory native trees, shrubs and ferns, in stream bed Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 10174 Maui BISH 1984-03-04
17 Ageratina adenophora Mt. Kaala, summit Boggy woods, in shaded grove Preserved_Specimen Flowers white, involucral bracts green, brownish tipped Crosby, M.R. 1340 Oahu BISH 1964-06-10
18 Ageratina adenophora Kaunakakai Along rd to Maunahui, Wailele Stream Moist place in dry forest Preserved_Specimen 6 ft shrubby herb St.John, H. 12640 Molokai BISH 1932-12-26
19 Ageratina adenophora Haleakala Crater Foot of cliffs inside S rim Lava bed Preserved_Specimen Flowers white Fosberg, F.R. 9945 Maui BISH 1933-08-22
20 Ageratina adenophora Koolau Mts., Mt. Tantalus moist, open woods Preserved_Specimen 1 m bush, flower white Fosberg, F.R. 13107 Oahu BISH 1936-05-07
21 Ageratina adenophora Koolau Mts, Kailua E base of Puu Konahuanui, Maunawili Fern covered ridge Preserved_Specimen Erect shrub 1.5 m ht, strong odor Fosberg, F.R. 10786 Oahu BISH 1935-01-23
22 Ageratina adenophora Between Waikamoi & Haipulaena Gulch Along Kula Pipe Line, 3-4 mi due E of Olinda Wet, cool Montane Rain or cloud forest, 15-20m tall canopy of epiphyte-covered Metrosideros collina & Cheirodendrom trigynum, shrub layer of many tree ferns, Pelea, Rubiaceae, and many small ferns, Cyrtandra sp, etc. Preserved_Specimen Bonsey, E. 462 Maui BISH 1967-08-05
23 Ageratina adenophora Olinda, Kula Flume Line By stream. Forming thicket Preserved_Specimen Flowers white, discoid, 6 ft ht St.John, H. 10332 Maui BISH 1930-02-12
24 Ageratina adenophora Hawaiiloa Ridge E of Wailupe Guava zone Preserved_Specimen Egler, F.E. 37235 Oahu BISH 1937-03-17
25 Ageratina adenophora Kapano Gulch Shaded, moist gulch Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 28501 Lanai BISH 1963-07-28
26 Ageratina adenophora Mauna Kapu, Honouliuli, Nanakuli Divide Bare, eroded, windswept ridge Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13791 Oahu BISH 1937-05-02
27 Ageratina adenophora Central Lanai Preserved_Specimen A dangerous weed sparingly naturalized, luckily stem-parasitized Degener, O. 22006 Lanai BISH 1952-03-02
28 Ageratina adenophora Koele, mountains near Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 101 Lanai BISH 1913-06-01
29 Ageratina adenophora Kaiholenaliilii Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 533 Lanai BISH 1930-05-12
30 Ageratina adenophora Crater of Haleakala Trail into crater Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 789 Maui BISH 1919-07-16
31 Ageratina adenophora Ridge left of Lahainaluna Valley Camp 4 Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 324 Maui BISH 1913-02-01
32 Ageratina adenophora Ulupalakua, E Maui, Makawao District Preserved_Specimen Agee, H.P. 43 Maui BISH 1923-05-14
33 Ageratina adenophora Kalae Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 66 Molokai BISH 1912-06-01
34 Ageratina adenophora S slope of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1803 Maui BISH 1920-03-01
35 Ageratina adenophora Kaluanui Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 335 Lanai BISH 1914-04-16
36 Ageratina adenophora Pauoa Trail Near top Preserved_Specimen Forbes, A. 11 Oahu BISH 1929-06-12
37 Ageratina adenophora Aihualama, Pali trail Preserved_Specimen Russell, P. 122 Oahu BISH 1932-07-25
38 Ageratina adenophora Lanaihale Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. Lanai BISH 1961-03-26
39 Ageratina adenophora Maunahui Gulch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6133 Molokai BISH 1910-03-20
40 Ageratina adenophora Olowalu Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2414 Maui BISH 1920-05-18
41 Ageratina adenophora Kaluanui Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 335 Lanai BISH 1914-04-16
42 Ageratina adenophora W Maui, Hanakaoo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 46 Maui BISH 1910-05-01
43 Ageratina adenophora Lualailua, S slope of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2033 Maui BISH 1920-03-19
44 Ageratina adenophora Koolau Mts, Ewa Forest Reserve Kalauao-Waimalu Ridge, opening on ridge Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13110 Oahu BISH 1933-04-30
45 Ageratina adenophora Koele, mountains near Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 101 Lanai BISH 1913-06-01
46 Ageratina adenophora Kahanui Gulch Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 776 Molokai BISH 1915-04-01
47 Ageratina adenophora Waikolu Valley head Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. 58.13 Molokai BISH 1963-08-18
48 Ageratina adenophora Maunahui Gulch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6133 Molokai BISH 1910-03-20
49 Ageratina adenophora Manoa Valley, Arboretum Preserved_Specimen Russell, P. 44 Oahu BISH 1932-07-07
50 Ageratina adenophora W Maui, Hanakaoo Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 46 Maui BISH 1910-05-01
51 Ageratina adenophora Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Brigham, W.T. Maui BISH 1909-01-01
52 Ageratina adenophora Waikolu Valley Head of & at E rim Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. Molokai BISH 1962-06-18
53 Ageratina adenophora E Oahu, Mauna Lua Ranch Preserved_Specimen Swezey, O.H. Oahu BISH 1921-04-07
54 Ageratina adenophora Crater of Haleakala Camp 4 Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1082 Maui BISH 1919-08-09
Back to Top