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Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis

Sherff (1936)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Euphorbiaceae Genus: Euphorbia

‘akoko, ‘ākoko, ‘ekoko, koko, kōkōmālei

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or small trees (0.4–)1–8(–9) m tall.

Stems: Stems prostrate to erect, glabrous, flowering branches often nodose, 1–4(–6) mm in diameter.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, distichous. Blades long oblanceolate, (4–)10–70(–80) mm long, (3–)5–30(–40) mm wide. Apex acute to obtuse, retuse or mucronulate. Base cuneate to obtuse, oblique. Surfaces glabrous, sometimes glaucous. Margins entire. Petioles (0.5–)1–5(–6) mm long, glabrous to villous. Stipules acute to rounded–triangular, 1–4(–6) mm long, glabrous to villous, erose, ciliate.

Flowers: Flowers in cyathia in short or open branched cymes or solitary in the leaf axils, peduncles (0.5–)2–10(–19) mm long, glabrous to villous. involucre campanulate, (1–)1.5–3 mm high, 2–4mm wide, glabrous to villous, glands 4–5, green or red, glabrous to pilose. Flowers unisexual and highly reduced. Pistillate flowers solitary, on a gynophore; staminate flowers in 5 groups or cymules, each with 1 to several flowers. Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla (petals) absent. Male flower reduced to a single stamen, with an articulation at junction of pedicel and filament, subtended by slender bracteoles. Ovary superior; styles yellow, green, or red, bifid less than ½ to more than ½ their length, 0.5–1(–1.5) mm long, glabrous to pubescent; stigma thickened.

Fruit: Capsules green to brown; ovoid to rounded–triangular; (0.5–)2–4 mm long; glabrous to pubescent; gynophores erect; exserted 0.5–1 mm from involucre; glabrous to pubescent. Seeds brown to gray; (0.5–)1–2(–2.5) mm long; tetragonal to obcompressed; smooth to rugose.

Ploidy: 2n = ca. 38*

Habitat: Coastal vegetation and mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 30–1500 m

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bot. Gaz. 97: 597 (1936)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:606 (K [as Chamaesyce celastroides var. hanapepensis]); Govaerts et al. 2000:692/Yang & Berry 2011 (Syn. C. c. var. hanapepensis = E. c. var. hanapepensis)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forest Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 1001 Kauai BISH 1922-10-28
2 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Base of Pali in wet gulch among rocks with orchids and ferns under guavas, Pandanus uphill Preserved_Specimen Shrub Earle, E. 14 Kauai BISH 1972-06-04
3 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rock wall Preserved_Specimen Shrub Rock, J.F.C. 17257 Kauai BISH 1920-07-24
4 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet Cave Preserved_Specimen Shrubby talus Degener, O. 27178 Kauai BISH 1960-11-25
5 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Near the falls Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2441 Kauai BISH 1895-06-24
6 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rather dry region Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8091 Kauai BISH 1926-06-17
7 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Shrub, about 3 ft. tall. Herbert, D. 2220 Kauai BISH 1971-11-01
8 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Grassy, rocky slope near top Preserved_Specimen 3-5 ft. high Degener, O. 27339 Kauai BISH 1961-03-16
9 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Common shrub in area. Flynn, T.W. 850 Kauai BISH 1984-05-11
10 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Leaves desusssate and in one plane Wagner, W.L. 5183 Kauai BISH 1983-12-21
11 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Spreading shrub containing milksap van Balgooy, M.M.J. 4240 Kauai BISH 1982-05-31
12 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Shrub Stone, B.C. 3758 Kauai BISH 1961-08-14
13 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2080 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
14 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2429 Kauai BISH 1895-06-24
15 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5185 Kauai BISH 1983-12-21
16 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2908 Kauai BISH 1938-08-14
17 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2429 Kauai BISH 1895-07-02
18 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2441 Kauai BISH 1895-06-24
19 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2429 Kauai BISH 1895-06-24
20 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Beardsley, J.W. 3 Kauai BISH 1959-08-20
21 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8092 Kauai BISH 1926-06-19
22 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 944 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
23 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5186 Kauai BISH 1983-12-21
24 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12938 Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
25 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5184 Kauai BISH 1983-12-21
26 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 1 Kauai BISH 1983-08-15
27 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In dry reddish soil near road, open area in Acacia forest. With Styphelia tameiameiae, Dodonaea viscosa, various introduced plants (such as, in the immediate vicinity, Stenotaphrum). Preserved_Specimen Shrubs to 3 ft. in diameter Carlquist, S. 1797 Kauai BISH 1965-07-31
28 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. 26434 Kauai BISH 1938-11-01
29 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2429 Kauai BISH 1895-06-24
30 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. 30.1929 Kauai BISH
31 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5151 Kauai BISH 1983-12-20
32 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12938 Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
33 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
34 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1978-06-15
35 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
36 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8086 Kauai BISH 1926-07-03
37 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5564 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
38 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Kauai BISH
39 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In ohia stand, growing in S layer with Styphelia. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 1 Kauai BISH 1983-08-15
40 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details NE facing slopes and cliffs; mesic relic forest; Diospyros sandwicensis, Aleurites, Lobelia niihauensis, Schiedea apokremnos, Bidens sandwicensis Preserved_Specimen 1-3 m shrub; many branched; flower Wood, K.R. 12982 Kauai BISH 2008-05-09
41 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Steep, brushy, cannon wall Preserved_Specimen Shrubs 3 ft. tall St.John, H. 13513 Kauai BISH 1933-12-23
42 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry areas Preserved_Specimen Occasional, much branched tree in dry areas. With milky juice; oveary dark purple; glands green to dark red; anthers red, filaments white. Crosby, M.R. 2031 Kauai BISH 1964-08-13
43 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In red soil a margin of road, with Dodonaea viscosa, Styphelia tameiameiae, open places in dry Acacia kauaiensis forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrub to 3 ft.,. foliage gray-green, cyathea green. Carlquist, S. 1998 Kauai BISH 1966-07-12
44 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details With Wikstroemia and trailside weeds Preserved_Specimen subshrub 2 ft high Takeuchi, W.N. 4 Kauai BISH 1983-08-17
45 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open woods Preserved_Specimen 2-4 ft. high Degener, O. 27181 Kauai BISH 1960-12-02
46 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Base of Pali in wet gulch among rocks with orchids and ferns under guavas, Pandanus uphill Preserved_Specimen Shrub Earle, E. 14 Kauai BISH 1972-06-04
47 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details just above road cut at edge of native mesic forest; Acacia koa, Metrosideros polymorpha, Chamesyce halemanui, Leptecophylla, Dodonaea viscosa, Dianella, Vaccinium, Rubus argutus Preserved_Specimen to 1.5 m shrub; leaves disctichous to 8 cm long; cynophores erect in fruit; sympatric with Chamaesyce halemanus Trauernicht, C. 581 Kauai BISH 2008-10-07
48 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On a ridge Preserved_Specimen A 2-meter shrub Hobdy, R.W. 1803 Kauai BISH 1983-08-20
49 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On dry western side of the valley Preserved_Specimen Shrubs to small trees of seven. Flynn, T.W. 1575 Kauai BISH 1986-03-03
50 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mixed native and non-native, dry to mesic forest. On rocky, steep side of cliff above stream. W/ Aleurites moluccana, Metrosideros polymorpha, Dodonaea viscosa, Oplismenus hirtellus, Lantana camara, Diospyros sandwicensis, Cordyline fruticosa, Melia azedarach, Kalanchoe pinnata, Pleomele aurea Preserved_Specimen Small shrub about 2 feet tall. Leave dull green and glabrous. Latex white and sticky. Walsh, S. 525 Kauai BISH 2017-08-10
51 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On exposed slopes. Preserved_Specimen Common. Perlman, S. 9 Kauai BISH 1978-04-12
52 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry, mixed native and exotic forest. Preserved_Specimen Erect, much branched shrub to 8 ft. tall. Herbert, D. 2365 Kauai BISH 1972-03-08
53 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details With Wilkesia, Psychotria, Diospyros, Metrosdieros, Euphorbia, Pipturus, Acacia. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1 meter tall. Leaves succulent, green on top, white-green below. Stems light brown. Wood, K.R. 220 Kauai BISH 1989-08-09
54 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On exposed slopes. Preserved_Specimen Common. Perlman, S. 9 Kauai BISH 1978-04-12
55 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On dry ridge at back of valley. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 5 Kauai BISH 1977-11-30
56 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet cliffs of Waianiha facing sea Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1920-07-24
57 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing on dry slope with Eragrostis variabilis, Bidens, Lipochaeta, and introduced weeds. Preserved_Specimen Undershrub, about 2 ft. tall, with dull, gray-green foliage. Herbert, D. 1059 Kauai BISH 1968-04-17
58 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Koa-dry ridge Preserved_Specimen Erect shrub. Herbert, D. 2120 Kauai BISH 1971-09-04
59 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On cliffs with Schiedea spergulina, Lobelia niihauensis, Artemisia, Nototrichium, Lepidium serra, near Kauai diverse lowland mesic forest with Bobea timonioides, Alectryon, Rauvolfia, Streblus, Pleomele, Myrsine, Hibiscus, Melicope, Antidesma, Metrosideros, Flueggea, Tetraplasandra, Melia, Lantana, Aleurites. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs 3-6 ft ht., with fruit and flowers. Perlman, S. 7025 Kauai BISH 1987-11-28
60 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On cliff Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10879 Kauai BISH 1930-12-20
61 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On exposed slopes. Preserved_Specimen Common. Perlman, S. 9 Kauai BISH 1978-04-12
62 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On cliff above trail with native Bidens, Eragrostis variabilis, and Artemisia kauaiensis. Preserved_Specimen Small succulent shrub Corn, C. 192 Kauai BISH 1980-04-10
63 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rocky hillside Preserved_Specimen Shrub 5 ft. high; flowers pale yellow Hemphill, D.V. 118 Kauai BISH 1951-02-01
64 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing on dry slope with Eragrostis variabilis, Bidens, Lipochaeta, and introduced weeds. Preserved_Specimen Undershrub, about 2 ft. tall, with dull, gray-green foliage. Herbst, D.R. 1059 Kauai BISH 1968-04-17
65 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On exposed slopes. Preserved_Specimen Common. Perlman, S. 9 Kauai BISH 1978-04-12
66 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forest Preserved_Specimen Chock, A.K. 1195 Kauai BISH 1953-09-07
67 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On exposed slopes. Preserved_Specimen Common. Perlman, S. 9 Kauai BISH 1978-04-12
68 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details With Eragrostis variabilis, Metrosideros, Artemisia, Peperomia, Bidens sandwicensis, Psydrax odorata, Lipochaeta connata var. acris, Peucedanum sandwicense, Lepidium serra, Nototrichium sandwicensis, Carex meyenii, Chamaesyce, Kalanchoe, Melinis Preserved_Specimen 1 m tall, with flowers and fruit Wood, K.R. 3238 Kauai BISH 1994-06-15
69 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On exposed slopes. Preserved_Specimen Common. Perlman, S. 9 Kauai BISH 1978-04-12
70 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metreosideros-Diospyros mixed mesic forest adjacent to mesic cliffs w/ Planchonella sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Psydrax oderata, Diospyros sandwicensis, Chrysodracon aurea, Santalum pyrularium, Wikstoremia oahuensis, Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Syzygium sandwicensis, Preserved_Specimen Shrub, 1 m tall x 1 m wide, well-branched, in flower, common. Wood, K.R. 18515 Kauai BISH 2020-08-18
71 Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Grassy, shrubby hill top Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 23932 Kauai BISH 1955-09-15
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