Key Characters:
Growth Form: Rhizomatous perennials forming large, dense clumps.
Stems: Culms trigonous, (15–)40–100 cm tall, bearing spikes ⅓–1⁄2 from base upwards.
Roots:
Leaves: Leaves simple. 3-ranked, up to 8 per culm. Blades linear, flat > 3 mm wide. Apex gradually tapering and long-acuminate. Upper surfaces deep green; lower surfaces scabrous on veins; blades coriaceous. Margins entire. Sheathing; sheaths laxly surrounding culm bases, reddish brown to dark brown, disintegrating into parallel fibers. Stipules absent.
Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences (2–)4–9(–14)–nodose, with internodes 2–5 cm long, the spikes solitary at nodes, nodes occasionally with 2 spikes or with 3 secondary spikes, each spike pedunculate, cylindrical, 5–10 cm long, 5–15 mm wide, the terminal spike staminate, lateral ones androgynous or pistillate; bracts leaf-like, the lower 1–3 slightly longer than the inflorescence, long–sheathing at base; pistillate glumes brown, membranous, ovate, 2.5–5 mm long, margins hyaline, the midnerve prolonged into a scabrous awn 3–5 mm long; perigynium chartaceous to subcoriaceous, reddish brown to dark red at maturity, broadly obovoid, (3–)5–8 mm long, 2.5–4 mm wide, many–veined, obtusely trigonous in cross section, the apex contracted gradually or abruptly to the beak, the apical teeth sharp, 0.2–0.9 mm long, base obtuse. Flowers unisexual. Corolla (petals) absent. Ovary superior; style 1–2 mm long, the base continuous to the achene apex without any thickening; stigmas 3.
Fruit: Achenes rhombic–ellipsoid; trigonous; conspicuously constricted at angles. Seeds 1; seed coat thin; free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant.
Ploidy:
Habitat: Found primarily in subalpine shrubland and dry forest or shrubland; often on rocky substrates.
Elevation Range:
240–2,500 m.
Endemic
Name Published In: Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 29: 119 (1989)
Other References
Wagner et al. 1990:1392 (K, O, L, M, H); Kennedy et al. 2010:21 (Mo); Caum s.n. BISH 116798 (O†, 1933); Hank Oppenheimer pers. obs./Munro 408a BISH (L†, 1915)
| SNo. | Scientific Name | Scientific Name Authorship | Locality | Habitat | Basis of Record | Recorded By | Record Number | Island | Source | Date |
|---|
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
Thank you for your interest in submitting an image of
Select your image and leave a brief description of your photo below.


