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Carex echinata subsp. echinata

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: Carex

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Densely tufted, clump–forming perennials.

Stems: Culms (stems) slender, trigonous, 20–40 cm tall.

Roots: Fibrous root system.

Leaves: Leaves simple. 3-ranked. Blades filiform, slightly shorter than to longer than the culm, 0.8–1(–1.5) mm wide. Apex gradually tapering and acuminate. Margins entire. Veins parallel. Sheathing; sheaths brown, tightly surrounding the culm bases. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences spicately bearing 3–7 spikes, exposing the axis at least toward base, spikes androgynous or the terminal one often staminate, rarely a few spikes gynecandrous, ovoid or ovoid–globose, 0.3–1.2 cm long, 3–5'mm wide, sessile; lowest bract l–2 cm long, longer than the subtending spike but much shorter than the inflorescence; pistillate glume membranous and pale on both sides, the midnerve green, broadly ovate, 1.7–2.8 mm long, acute, the midnerve prolonged, ending in an apical point; perigynium membranous, recurved at maturity, ovoid to narrowly ovoid, plano-convex, (1.5–)2.5–3.5 mm long, 1–1.5 mm wide in lower part, apex gradually narrowed to a narrowly deltoid beak, dorsal side 6–9–nerved, the nerves weakly scabrous in upper part, the orifice minutely bidentate, base cordate. Flowers unisexual. Corolla (petals) absent. Ovary superior; stigmas 2.

Fruit: Achenes ovoid; lenticular; stipitate. Seeds 1; seed coat thin; free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant.

Ploidy: 2n = 58

Habitat: Occurring in bogs; lake margins other wet sites.

Elevation Range: 1,370–2,225 m.

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (91)

Carex angustior Mack. (1917)
Carex angustior var. gracilenta R.T.Clausen & Wahl (1939)
Carex basilata Ohwi (1942)
Carex caflischii Brügger (1880)
Carex cephalantha (L.H.Bailey) E.P.Bicknell (1908)
Carex convexa Kit. (1863)
Carex echinata f. brevispicata Podp. (1929)
Carex echinata f. chlorocarpa Podp. (1929)
Carex echinata f. remotiuscula Podp. (1929)
Carex echinata f. subalpina Almq. (1901)
Carex echinata proles grypos (Schkuhr) Rouy (1912)
Carex echinata subsp. gasparrinii (Parl.) K.Richt. (1890)
Carex echinata subsp. grypos (Schkuhr) Arcang. (1882)
Carex echinata subsp. hydrophila (Dumort.) K.Richt. (1890)
Carex echinata var. angustata (J.Carey) L.H.Bailey (1889)
Carex echinata var. cephalantha L.H.Bailey (1889)
Carex echinata var. elata Maire ex Rouy (1904)
Carex echinata var. excelsior (L.H.Bailey) Fernald (1902)
Carex echinata var. grypos (Schkuhr) Nyman (1882)
Carex echinata var. gypsos (Schkuhr) Nyman (1882)
Carex echinata var. hydrophila (Dumort.) Nyman (1882)
Carex echinata var. microstachys Boeckeler (1875)
Carex echinata var. ormantha Fernald (1902)
Carex echinata var. perileia (S.T.Blake) P.Royen (1979)
Carex echinata var. tenuior Kük. (1909)
Carex fasciculata Willd. (1805)
Carex gajonum Nelmes (1952)
Carex gasparrinii Parl. (1852)
Carex grypos Schkuhr (1806)
Carex grypos var. nana Christ ex Briq. (1901)
Carex hawaiiensis H.St.John (1983)
Carex hydrophila Dumort. (1827)
Carex interior var. josselynii Fernald (1906)
Carex josselynii (Fernald) Mack. ex Pease (1924)
Carex laricina Mack. ex Bright (1930)
Carex leersii Willd. (1787)
Carex leersii var. angustata (J.Carey) Mack. (1913)
Carex leersii var. cephalantha (L.H.Bailey) J.K.Henry (1915)
Carex leptophylla Heuff. (1863)
Carex minganinsularum Raymond (1952)
Carex muricata Leers (1775)
Carex muricata subsp. cephalantha (L.H.Bailey) R.T.Clausen (1949)
Carex muricata subsp. microcarpa Neuman (1894)
Carex muricata var. angustata (J.Carey) J.Carey ex Gleason (1952)
Carex muricata var. basilata (Ohwi) Y.L.Chou (1959)
Carex muricata var. cephalantha (L.H.Bailey) Wiegand & Eames (1926)
Carex muricata var. depauperata Hampe (1873)
Carex muricata var. laricina (Mack. ex Bright) Gleason (1952)
Carex muricata var. monostachya Asch. (1864)
Carex muricata var. virens Andersson (1849)
Carex omiana var. perileia (S.T.Blake) T.Koyama (1956)
Carex ormantha (Fernald) Mack. (1922)
Carex pairae f. brevispicata (Podp.) Soó (1971)
Carex pairae f. chlorocarpa (Podp.) Soó (1971)
Carex pairae f. remotiuscula (Podp.) Soó (1971)
Carex perileia S.T.Blake (1947)
Carex phyllomanica var. angustata (J.Carey) B.Boivin (1979)
Carex phyllomanica var. ormantha (Fernald) B.Boivin (1979)
Carex provincialis Degl. (1828)
Carex riparia subsp. fasciculata (Link ex Schkuhr) K.Richt. (1890)
Carex scirpoides var. josselynii (Fernald) Fernald (1908)
Carex serrulata Mutel (1836)
Carex stellulata Gooden. (1794)
Carex stellulata f. excelsior (L.H.Bailey) Kük. (1909)
Carex stellulata f. hydrophila (Dumort.) Asch. & Graebn. (1902)
Carex stellulata f. hylogiton Asch. & Graebn. (1902)
Carex stellulata f. oligantha (Callmé) Kük. (1909)
Carex stellulata subsp. grypos (Schkuhr) Gaudin (1833)
Carex stellulata subsp. pallens Gaudin (1833)
Carex stellulata var. alpestris Gaudin (1833)
Carex stellulata var. angustata J.Carey (1848)
Carex stellulata var. australis Kük. (1909)
Carex stellulata var. cephalantha (L.H.Bailey) Fernald (1902)
Carex stellulata var. excelsior (L.H.Bailey) Fernald (1902)
Carex stellulata var. grypos (Schkuhr) W.D.J.Koch (1844)
Carex stellulata var. masculina Gray (1822)
Carex stellulata var. oligantha Callmé (1888)
Carex stellulata var. ormantha (Fernald) Fernald (1902)
Carex stellulata var. pseudodivulsa F.W.Schultz (1845)
Carex stellulata var. scirpina Tuck. (1843)
Carex stellulata var. subalpina Asch. & Graebn. (1902)
Carex sterilis var. cephalantha (L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey (1893)
Carex sterilis var. excelsior L.H.Bailey (1893)
Carex svenonis Skottsb. (1944)
Carex svenonis var. alakaiensis Skottsb. (1944)
Caricina stellulata (Gooden.) St.-Lag. (1889)
Vignea angustior (Mack.) Soják (1980)
Vignea grypos (Schkuhr) Rchb. (1830)
Vignea hydrophila (Dumort.) Rchb. (1831)
Vignea perileia (S.T.Blake) Soják (1980)
Vignea stellulata (Gooden.) Rchb. (1830)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous

Island Status

Kaua'i Indigenous
Maui Indigenous
Hawai'i Indigenous

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1388 (K, M, H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
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