Wikstroemia monticola

Skottsb. (1972)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malvales Family: Thymelaeaceae Genus: Wikstroemia

‘ākia [akia], kauhi

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small trees up to 3 m tall.

Stems: Young branches appressed pubescent.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades ovate or narrowly to broadly elliptic, 2–5.5 cm long, 0.6–2.8 cm wide. Apex acute or rounded. Base acute or rounded, often ± tapering toward base. Surfaces glabrous, petioles glabrous or puberulent, membranous or coriaceous, 2–5.5 cm long, 0.6–2.8 cm wide. Margins entire. Pinnately veined. Petioles 2–3 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in peduncles very short, hirsute, rachis clavate, 2–11 mm long, hirsute, pedicels 0.8–3 mm long. Flowers unisexual, greenish yellow, puberulent, becoming glabrate. Calyx tube of staminate flowers 4–8.5 mm long, outer lobes 1.7–3.5 mm long, 1.3–3.5 mm wide, inner lobes 1.5–3.2 mm long, 1–3.4 mm wide; Calyx tube of pistillate flowers 4–5.5 mm long, outer lobes 2–3.5 mm long, 1.5–3.4 mm wide, inner lobes 1.6–3 mm long, 1.4–3.4 mm wide. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens 8, the lower whorl included, the upper whorl sometimes shortly exserted.

Fruit: Fruit dark red; elliptic; 7–13 mm long; 4–10 mm in diameter. fruit drupaceous. Seeds without endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 18*

Habitat: Rather common on <i>‘a‘ā</i> lava and in pastures; often in association with <i>Lantana camara</i> and other alien vegetation.

Elevation Range: (250–)450–1,220 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Specimens

Bibliography

Name Published In: Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Litt. Gothob., Bot. 1: 70 (1972)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1286 (EM)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. mahamenui persisting in lantana-covered cattle range PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 19355 Maui BISH 12/25/1948
2 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. East Maui, Hana-Makawao District Boundary, About 4.6 miles E of Ulupalakua on dry exposed aa flow, associated with Reynoldsia sandwicensis, Portulaca, Solanum sodomeum, Pellea ternifolia, Cocculus, Peperomia, etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gustafson, R. 2085 Maui BISH 12/13/1980
3 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Pukalani, W of Makawao dry gulch, surrounded by cane fields PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 27520 Maui BISH 7/7/1961
4 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. east maui, ulupalakua ranch, s slope of haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gillett, g.w. collector number: 2110 Kauai BISH 7/8/1967
5 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. 2 miles e of ulupalakua Growing in shade of Reynoldsia tree on dry, a'a lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 823 Maui BISH 12/26/1967
6 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. nawini Lantana covered cattle range PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. clay, h.f. collector number: 19354 Maui BISH 12/26/1948
7 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. East Maui, S slope of Haleakala above Kanio On the overgrazed pasture with Osmanthus, Metrosideros etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gupta, S. 304 Maui BISH 3/18/1967
8 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Mahamenui persisting in lantana-covered cattle range PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 19355 Maui BISH 12/25/1948
9 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. east maui, s slope of haleakala, ulupalakua ranch, on main road to hana, ca. 4 miles e of ulupala kua ranch headquarters PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gillett, g.w. collector number: 2110 Maui BISH 7/8/1967
10 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Kanaio, near J.Burn's house rough aa lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1787.M Maui BISH 3/11/1920
11 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. East Maui, Ulupalakua, adjacent to Tedeschi Winery, NW of Puu Mahoe Open mesic slope with overstory of Acacia mearnsii, Grevillea robusta, Cinnamomum camphora; groundcover of Bryophyllum pinnatum, Cyperus gracilis, Pennisetum clandestinum. Substrate rocky. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. 2002-25 Maui BISH 7/16/2002
12 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. near nawini, haleakala On pastured, Lantana-covered lava slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. fleming, w.; vockrodt, mrs. collector number: 26838 Maui BISH 1/17/1960
13 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Mahamenui persisting in lantana-covered cattle range. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 19355 Maui BISH 12/25/1948
14 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. West Maui, above Lahinaluna PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2463 Maui BISH 12/17/1985
15 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. west of kaupo village Arid cattle range PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 27516a Maui BISH 7/5/1961
16 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1918 Maui BISH 3/9/1920
17 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Nawini Lantana covered cattle range PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 19354 Maui BISH 12/26/1948
18 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Ulupalakua, E Maui, Makawao District PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Meebold, A. 10398 Maui BISH 10/1/1935
19 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. rim of makamole stream gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. kimura, b.; nagata, l. collector number: 1658 Maui BISH 7/1/1978
20 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. east maui, hana-makawao district boundary, about 4.6 miles e of ulupalakua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gustafson, r. collector number: 2085 Lanai BISH 12/13/1980
21 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. East Maui, Ulupalakua Ranch, S slope of Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillett, G.W. 2110 Maui BISH 7/8/1967
22 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Near Nawini, Haleakala On pastured, Lantana-covered lava slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 26838 Maui BISH 1/17/1960
23 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1923.M Maui BISH 3/9/1920
24 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. East Maui, Auahi forest Collected on aa lava, a shrub 8 ft. high and more. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8662 Maui BISH 11/1/1910
25 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Woolford, H.A. 174 Maui BISH 12/31/1955
26 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Rim of Makamole Stream gulch roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 1658 Maui BISH 7/1/1978
27 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. East Maui, Ulupalakua, adjacent to Tedeschi Winery, NW of Puu Mahoe Open mesic slope with overstory of Acacia mearnsii, Grevillea robusta, Cinnamomum camphora; groundcover of Bryophyllum pinnatum, Cyperus gracilis, Pennisetum clandestinum. Substrate rocky. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. Puttock, C.; Bily, P.; Lyons, A.; Brown, J. Collector Number: 2002-25 Maui BISH 7/16/2002
28 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. east maui, makawao district, ulupalakua rocks; almost decomposed aa lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN yoshinaga, a.y. collector number: 192 Maui BISH 12/21/1968
29 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. east maui, 2.7 mi e of 'ulupalakua ranch on piilani hwy. (hwy. 31) on 'a'a lava flow dominated by Wikstroemia, Reynoldsia, Leucaena, Lantana, and Myoporum (occassional). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. mill, s.w. collector number: 4772 Maui BISH 1/14/1983
30 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. auwahi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 157 Maui BISH 2/12/1915
31 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. east maui, ulupalakua, adjacent to tedeschi winery, nw of puu mahoe Open mesic slope with overstory of Acacia mearnsii, Grevillea robusta, Cinnamomum camphora; groundcover of Bryophyllum pinnatum, Cyperus gracilis, Pennisetum clandestinum. Substrate rocky. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN imada, c.t. puttock, c.; bily, p.; lyons, a.; brown, j. collector number: 2002-25 Maui BISH 7/16/2002
32 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. East Maui, Hana District, Auwahi AHU, Tr 28(11), SW slope of Haleakala, 0.5 km SE of Puu Ouli Auwahi dryland forest. Dry exotic grassland with native and exotic shrubs and scattered native trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. PKH 9268a Maui BISH 6/25/1980
33 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Alena Remnant dryland forest on weathered `a`a lava. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kirch, P.V. 553 Maui BISH 7/21/1996
34 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. pukalani, w of makawao dry gulch, surrounded by cane fields PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 27520 Maui BISH 7/7/1961
35 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. s slope of haleakla, above kanio Growing from cracks in the rock retaining wall located at one end of the lot. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gupta, s. collector number: 305 Hawaii BISH 3/18/1967
36 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. south kohala district, n of honokane nui stream Metrosideros polymorpha var incana-Machaerina angustifolia montane bogs w/ Rhynchospora chinensis, Styphelia, Vaccinium, Viola maviensis, Dichanthelium spp, Oreobolus....bogs bordered by Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. collector number: 4752 Hawaii BISH 11/16/1995
37 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. East Maui, Hana District, Auwahi forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8662 Maui BISH 11/1/1910
38 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. ulupalakua ranch, along the 900m countour on road side above and east of ranch headquarters, with alectryon fagara. santalum etc PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gillett, g.w. collector number: 2037 Maui BISH 11/26/1966
39 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. maui With Pelea, Gouldia, et c. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1923.m Oahu BISH 3/9/1920
40 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Lahainaluna, Kuia Ridge on dry hillside, in scrub with Dodonaea, Lipochaeta, Gouania, Lantana and klu. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Pearsall, G.A. 23 Maui BISH 12/18/1955
41 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. nuu Common on aa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1917.m Maui BISH 3/9/1920
42 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. West of Kaupo Village Arid cattle range PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 27516a Maui BISH 7/5/1961
43 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. kanaio, near j.burn's house grassy, wet, woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1787.m Oahu BISH 3/11/1920
44 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. East Maui, Makawao District, Ulupalakua rocks; almost decomposed aa lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Yoshinaga, A.Y. 192 Maui BISH 12/21/1968
45 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Growing in shade of Reynoldsia tree on dry, a'a lava, 2 miles east of ulupalakua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 823 Maui BISH 12/26/1967
46 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. east maui, hana district, auwahi ahu, tr 28(11), sw slope of haleakala, 0.5 km se of puu ouli Auwahi dryland forest. Dry exotic grassland with native and exotic shrubs and scattered native trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. holt, r.a. collector number: pkh 9268a Maui BISH 6/25/1980
47 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Nuu Common on aa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1917.M Maui BISH 3/9/1920
48 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. S slope of Haleakla, above Kanio On overgrazed pasture with Osmanthus, Metrosideros etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gupta, S. 305 Maui BISH 3/18/1967
49 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. east maui, hana district, auwahi forest In grassy shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8662 Maui BISH
50 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. east maui, makawao district, ulupalakua, s slope of haleakala crater Dry forest on lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN little jr., e.l. collector number: 31119 Maui BISH 8/26/1976
51 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. east maui, s slope of haleakala above kanio On the overgrazed pasture with Osmanthus, Metrosideros etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gupta, s. collector number: 304 Maui BISH 3/18/1967
52 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. south kohala dist; n of honokane nui stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood 4752 Kauai BISH 11/16/1995
53 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. lahainaluna, kuia ridge on dry hillside, in scrub with Dodonaea, Lipochaeta, Gouania, Lantana and klu. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN pearsall, g.a. collector number: 23 Maui BISH 12/18/1955
54 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Auwahi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 157 Maui BISH 2/12/1915
55 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. west maui, above lahinaluna PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2464 Maui BISH 12/17/1985
56 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN woolford, h.a. collector number: 174 Maui BISH 12/31/1955
57 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. East Maui, S slope of Haleakala, Ulupalakua Ranch, on main road to Hana, ca. 4 miles E of Ulupala Kua ranch headquarters PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillett, G.W. 2110 Maui BISH 7/8/1967
58 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. alena Remnant dryland forest on weathered `a`a lava. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kirch, p.v. collector number: 553 Maui BISH 7/21/1996
59 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. West Maui, above Lahinaluna PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2464 Maui BISH 12/17/1985
60 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. sw slope of haleakala, above kanaio PRESERVED_SPECIMEN alexander, a.m. kellogg, l. collector number: 5357 Maui BISH 5/20/1948
61 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. western side, nawini, persisting on lantana-covered cattle range. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener|h.j. clay degener 19354a JBRJ 12/26/1948
62 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. east maui, along hi 37, e of pohakuloa ranch roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN palmer, r. 751 CM 4/1/1995
63 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. East Maui, upper Auwahi. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H21308 Maui PTBG 2/15/2013
64 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Hawaii. West of Kaupo Village, Maui. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. (no. 27516a) M 7/5/1961
65 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Pukalani, west of Makawao. Dryish, untouched gulch surrounded by cane fields. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Otto Degener 27520 Maui PTBG 7/7/1961
66 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. ulupalakua ranch, east maui, s.slope of haleakala. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN g. gillett 2110 Maui US 7/8/1967
67 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Near Nawini, Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Fleming, W.; Vockrodt 26838 Maui US 1/17/1960
68 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. e maui, 8 mi e of ulupalakua, s slope of haleakala crater. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. l. little jr. 31119 Maui US 8/26/1976
69 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. W of Kaupo Village PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Degener, I. 27516b Maui US 7/5/1961
70 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. E Maui, 8 mi E of Ulupalakua, S slope of Haleakala Crater. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Little Jr., E. L. 31119 Maui US 8/26/1976
71 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Ulupalakua Ranch, East Maui, S.slope of Haleakala. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillett, G. W. 2110 Maui US 7/8/1967
72 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. East Maui, Auahi forest collected on aa lava, a shrub 8ft. high or more PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8662 Maui BISH 11/1/1910
73 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Nawini PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 19354 Maui BISH 12/26/1948
74 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Kula Pipe Line, SW slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Alexander, A.M. 5357 Maui BISH 5/20/1948
75 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. East Maui, Makawao District, Ulupalakua, S slope of Haleakala Crater Dry forest on lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Little Jr., E.L. 31119 Maui BISH 8/26/1976
76 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. east maui, auahi forest collected on aa lava, a shrub 8ft. high or more PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8662 Maui BISH 11/1/1910
77 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. nawini shade; on tree trunk PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. clay, h.f. collector number: 19354 Hawaii BISH 12/26/1948
78 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Kamaio PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1799.M Maui BISH 3/1/1920
79 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. kamaio PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1799.m Maui BISH 3/1/1920
80 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. kula pipe line, sw slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN alexander, a.m. kellogg, l. collector number: 5357 Maui BISH 5/20/1948
81 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. ulupalakua, e maui, makawao district PRESERVED_SPECIMEN meebold, a. (sub degener, o.) collector number: 10398 Maui BISH 10/1/1935
82 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. east Maui, upper Auwahi. Vegetation: Sophora, Dodonaea, Leptecophylla, Osteomeles, Pteris, Dryopteris, Asplenium, Pteridium, Polypodium, Polystichum, Psilotum, Deschampsia, Pinus, Pennisetum, Holcus, Anthoxanthum, Bidens, Ageratina. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H21308 Maui BISH 2/15/2013
83 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. east maui, auahi forest Collected on aa lava, a shrub 8 ft. high and more. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8662 Maui BISH 11/1/1910
84 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. East Maui, 2.7 mi E of 'Ulupalakua Ranch on Piilani Hwy. (Hwy. 31) on 'a'a lava flow dominated by Wikstroemia, Reynoldsia, Leucaena, Lantana, and Myoporum (occassional). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 4772 Maui BISH 1/14/1983
85 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. South Kohala District, N of Honokane Nui Stream Metrosideros polymorpha var incana-Machaerina angustifolia montane bogs w/ Rhynchospora chinensis, Styphelia, Vaccinium, Viola maviensis, Dichanthelium spp, Oreobolus....bogs bordered by Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 4752 Hawaii BISH 11/16/1995
86 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. w of kaupo village PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & i. degener 27516b Hawaii US 7/5/1961
87 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. mahamenui persisting in lantana-covered cattle range. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 19355 Maui BISH 12/25/1948
88 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. near nawini, haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener, w. fleming & vockrodt 26838 Maui US 1/17/1960
89 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. west maui, above lahinaluna PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2463 Maui BISH 12/17/1985
90 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Ulupalakua Ranch, along the 900M countour on road side above and east of Ranch Headquarters, with Alectryon Fagara. Santalum etc PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillett, G.W. 2037 Maui BISH 11/26/1966
91 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. Maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1918 Maui BISH 3/9/1920
92 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. East Maui, Hana District, Kaumahina Park, Keanae shaded, windswept slope near ocean PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 27518 Maui BISH 7/3/1961
93 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. 2 miles E of Ulupalakua Growing in shade of Reynoldsia tree on dry, a'a lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 823 Maui BISH 12/26/1967
94 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. SW slope of Haleakala, above Kanaio PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Alexander, A.M. 5357 Maui BISH 5/20/1948
95 Wikstroemia monticola Skottsb. east maui, hana district, kaumahina park, keanae PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 27518 BISH 7/3/1961