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Wikstroemia monticola

Skottsb. (1972)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malvales Family: Thymelaeaceae Genus: Wikstroemia

‘ākia [akia], kauhi

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small trees up to 3 m tall.

Stems: Young branches appressed pubescent.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades ovate or narrowly to broadly elliptic, 2–5.5 cm long, 0.6–2.8 cm wide. Apex acute or rounded. Base acute or rounded, often ± tapering toward base. Surfaces glabrous, petioles glabrous or puberulent, membranous or coriaceous, 2–5.5 cm long, 0.6–2.8 cm wide. Margins entire. Pinnately veined. Petioles 2–3 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in peduncles very short, hirsute, rachis clavate, 2–11 mm long, hirsute, pedicels 0.8–3 mm long. Flowers unisexual, greenish yellow, puberulent, becoming glabrate. Calyx tube of staminate flowers 4–8.5 mm long, outer lobes 1.7–3.5 mm long, 1.3–3.5 mm wide, inner lobes 1.5–3.2 mm long, 1–3.4 mm wide; Calyx tube of pistillate flowers 4–5.5 mm long, outer lobes 2–3.5 mm long, 1.5–3.4 mm wide, inner lobes 1.6–3 mm long, 1.4–3.4 mm wide. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens 8, the lower whorl included, the upper whorl sometimes shortly exserted. Ovary superior, 1-celled; ovules solitary and pendulous.

Fruit: Fruit dark red; elliptic; 7–13 mm long; 4–10 mm in diameter. fruit drupaceous. Seeds without endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 18*

Habitat: Rather common on <i>‘a‘ā</i> lava and in pastures; often in association with <i>Lantana camara</i> and other alien vegetation.

Elevation Range: (250–)450–1,220 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Specimens

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Bibliography

Name Published In: Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Litt. Gothob., Bot. 1: 70 (1972)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1286 (EM)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Wikstroemia monticola kamaio PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1799.m Maui BISH 3/1/1920
2 Wikstroemia monticola Ulupalakua Ranch, along the 900M countour on road side above and east of Ranch Headquarters, with Alectryon Fagara. Santalum etc PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillett, G.W. 2037 Maui BISH 11/26/1966
3 Wikstroemia monticola Kamaio PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1799.M Maui BISH 3/1/1920
4 Wikstroemia monticola Maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1918 Maui BISH 3/9/1920
5 Wikstroemia monticola East Maui, Hana District, Kaumahina Park, Keanae shaded, windswept slope near ocean PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 27518 Maui BISH 7/3/1961
6 Wikstroemia monticola 2 miles E of Ulupalakua Growing in shade of Reynoldsia tree on dry, a'a lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 823 Maui BISH 12/26/1967
7 Wikstroemia monticola SW slope of Haleakala, above Kanaio PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Alexander, A.M. 5357 Maui BISH 5/20/1948
8 Wikstroemia monticola kula pipe line, sw slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN alexander, a.m. kellogg, l. collector number: 5357 Maui BISH 5/20/1948
9 Wikstroemia monticola ulupalakua, e maui, makawao district PRESERVED_SPECIMEN meebold, a. (sub degener, o.) collector number: 10398 Maui BISH 10/1/1935
10 Wikstroemia monticola east Maui, upper Auwahi. Vegetation: Sophora, Dodonaea, Leptecophylla, Osteomeles, Pteris, Dryopteris, Asplenium, Pteridium, Polypodium, Polystichum, Psilotum, Deschampsia, Pinus, Pennisetum, Holcus, Anthoxanthum, Bidens, Ageratina. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H21308 Maui BISH 2/15/2013
11 Wikstroemia monticola east maui, auahi forest Collected on aa lava, a shrub 8 ft. high and more. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8662 Maui BISH 11/1/1910
12 Wikstroemia monticola east maui, s slope of haleakala, ulupalakua ranch, on main road to hana, ca. 4 miles e of ulupala kua ranch headquarters PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gillett, g.w. collector number: 2110 Maui BISH 7/8/1967
13 Wikstroemia monticola 2 miles e of ulupalakua Growing in shade of Reynoldsia tree on dry, a'a lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 823 Maui BISH 12/26/1967
14 Wikstroemia monticola nawini Lantana covered cattle range PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. clay, h.f. collector number: 19354 Maui BISH 12/26/1948
15 Wikstroemia monticola East Maui, S slope of Haleakala above Kanio On the overgrazed pasture with Osmanthus, Metrosideros etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gupta, S. 304 Maui BISH 3/18/1967
16 Wikstroemia monticola Mahamenui persisting in lantana-covered cattle range PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 19355 Maui BISH 12/25/1948
17 Wikstroemia monticola Kanaio, near J.Burn's house rough aa lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1787.M Maui BISH 3/11/1920
18 Wikstroemia monticola East Maui, Ulupalakua, adjacent to Tedeschi Winery, NW of Puu Mahoe Open mesic slope with overstory of Acacia mearnsii, Grevillea robusta, Cinnamomum camphora; groundcover of Bryophyllum pinnatum, Cyperus gracilis, Pennisetum clandestinum. Substrate rocky. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. 2002-25 Maui BISH 7/16/2002
19 Wikstroemia monticola near nawini, haleakala On pastured, Lantana-covered lava slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. fleming, w.; vockrodt, mrs. collector number: 26838 Maui BISH 1/17/1960
20 Wikstroemia monticola Mahamenui persisting in lantana-covered cattle range. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 19355 Maui BISH 12/25/1948
21 Wikstroemia monticola West Maui, above Lahinaluna PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2463 Maui BISH 12/17/1985
22 Wikstroemia monticola East Maui, 2.7 mi E of 'Ulupalakua Ranch on Piilani Hwy. (Hwy. 31) on 'a'a lava flow dominated by Wikstroemia, Reynoldsia, Leucaena, Lantana, and Myoporum (occassional). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 4772 Maui BISH 1/14/1983
23 Wikstroemia monticola east maui, hana district, kaumahina park, keanae PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 27518 BISH 7/3/1961
24 Wikstroemia monticola mahamenui persisting in lantana-covered cattle range PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 19355 Maui BISH 12/25/1948
25 Wikstroemia monticola East Maui, Hana-Makawao District Boundary, About 4.6 miles E of Ulupalakua on dry exposed aa flow, associated with Reynoldsia sandwicensis, Portulaca, Solanum sodomeum, Pellea ternifolia, Cocculus, Peperomia, etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gustafson, R. 2085 Maui BISH 12/13/1980
26 Wikstroemia monticola Pukalani, W of Makawao dry gulch, surrounded by cane fields PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 27520 Maui BISH 7/7/1961
27 Wikstroemia monticola east maui, ulupalakua ranch, s slope of haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gillett, g.w. collector number: 2110 Kauai BISH 7/8/1967
28 Wikstroemia monticola west of kaupo village Arid cattle range PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 27516a Maui BISH 7/5/1961
29 Wikstroemia monticola maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1918 Maui BISH 3/9/1920
30 Wikstroemia monticola east maui, hana district, auwahi forest In grassy shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8662 Maui BISH
31 Wikstroemia monticola Ulupalakua, E Maui, Makawao District PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Meebold, A. 10398 Maui BISH 10/1/1935
32 Wikstroemia monticola Nawini Lantana covered cattle range PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 19354 Maui BISH 12/26/1948
33 Wikstroemia monticola rim of makamole stream gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. kimura, b.; nagata, l. collector number: 1658 Maui BISH 7/1/1978
34 Wikstroemia monticola east maui, hana-makawao district boundary, about 4.6 miles e of ulupalakua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gustafson, r. collector number: 2085 Lanai BISH 12/13/1980
35 Wikstroemia monticola Near Nawini, Haleakala On pastured, Lantana-covered lava slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 26838 Maui BISH 1/17/1960
36 Wikstroemia monticola East Maui, Ulupalakua Ranch, S slope of Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillett, G.W. 2110 Maui BISH 7/8/1967
37 Wikstroemia monticola Maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1923.M Maui BISH 3/9/1920
38 Wikstroemia monticola East Maui, Auahi forest Collected on aa lava, a shrub 8 ft. high and more. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8662 Maui BISH 11/1/1910
39 Wikstroemia monticola Maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Woolford, H.A. 174 Maui BISH 12/31/1955
40 Wikstroemia monticola east maui, makawao district, ulupalakua rocks; almost decomposed aa lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN yoshinaga, a.y. collector number: 192 Maui BISH 12/21/1968
41 Wikstroemia monticola auwahi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 157 Maui BISH 2/12/1915
42 Wikstroemia monticola east maui, 2.7 mi e of 'ulupalakua ranch on piilani hwy. (hwy. 31) on 'a'a lava flow dominated by Wikstroemia, Reynoldsia, Leucaena, Lantana, and Myoporum (occassional). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. mill, s.w. collector number: 4772 Maui BISH 1/14/1983
43 Wikstroemia monticola East Maui, Hana District, Auwahi AHU, Tr 28(11), SW slope of Haleakala, 0.5 km SE of Puu Ouli Auwahi dryland forest. Dry exotic grassland with native and exotic shrubs and scattered native trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. PKH 9268a Maui BISH 6/25/1980
44 Wikstroemia monticola pukalani, w of makawao dry gulch, surrounded by cane fields PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 27520 Maui BISH 7/7/1961
45 Wikstroemia monticola s slope of haleakla, above kanio Growing from cracks in the rock retaining wall located at one end of the lot. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gupta, s. collector number: 305 Hawaii BISH 3/18/1967
46 Wikstroemia monticola east maui, ulupalakua, adjacent to tedeschi winery, nw of puu mahoe Open mesic slope with overstory of Acacia mearnsii, Grevillea robusta, Cinnamomum camphora; groundcover of Bryophyllum pinnatum, Cyperus gracilis, Pennisetum clandestinum. Substrate rocky. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN imada, c.t. puttock, c.; bily, p.; lyons, a.; brown, j. collector number: 2002-25 Maui BISH 7/16/2002
47 Wikstroemia monticola maui With Pelea, Gouldia, et c. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1923.m Oahu BISH 3/9/1920
48 Wikstroemia monticola kanaio, near j.burn's house grassy, wet, woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1787.m Oahu BISH 3/11/1920
49 Wikstroemia monticola S slope of Haleakla, above Kanio On overgrazed pasture with Osmanthus, Metrosideros etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gupta, S. 305 Maui BISH 3/18/1967
50 Wikstroemia monticola Rim of Makamole Stream gulch roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 1658 Maui BISH 7/1/1978
51 Wikstroemia monticola East Maui, Ulupalakua, adjacent to Tedeschi Winery, NW of Puu Mahoe Open mesic slope with overstory of Acacia mearnsii, Grevillea robusta, Cinnamomum camphora; groundcover of Bryophyllum pinnatum, Cyperus gracilis, Pennisetum clandestinum. Substrate rocky. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. Puttock, C.; Bily, P.; Lyons, A.; Brown, J. Collector Number: 2002-25 Maui BISH 7/16/2002
52 Wikstroemia monticola Alena Remnant dryland forest on weathered `a`a lava. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kirch, P.V. 553 Maui BISH 7/21/1996
53 Wikstroemia monticola East Maui, Hana District, Auwahi forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8662 Maui BISH 11/1/1910
54 Wikstroemia monticola south kohala district, n of honokane nui stream Metrosideros polymorpha var incana-Machaerina angustifolia montane bogs w/ Rhynchospora chinensis, Styphelia, Vaccinium, Viola maviensis, Dichanthelium spp, Oreobolus....bogs bordered by Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. collector number: 4752 Hawaii BISH 11/16/1995
55 Wikstroemia monticola ulupalakua ranch, along the 900m countour on road side above and east of ranch headquarters, with alectryon fagara. santalum etc PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gillett, g.w. collector number: 2037 Maui BISH 11/26/1966
56 Wikstroemia monticola Lahainaluna, Kuia Ridge on dry hillside, in scrub with Dodonaea, Lipochaeta, Gouania, Lantana and klu. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Pearsall, G.A. 23 Maui BISH 12/18/1955
57 Wikstroemia monticola West of Kaupo Village Arid cattle range PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 27516a Maui BISH 7/5/1961
58 Wikstroemia monticola nuu Common on aa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1917.m Maui BISH 3/9/1920
59 Wikstroemia monticola East Maui, Makawao District, Ulupalakua rocks; almost decomposed aa lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Yoshinaga, A.Y. 192 Maui BISH 12/21/1968
60 Wikstroemia monticola Growing in shade of Reynoldsia tree on dry, a'a lava, 2 miles east of ulupalakua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 823 Maui BISH 12/26/1967
61 Wikstroemia monticola east maui, hana district, auwahi ahu, tr 28(11), sw slope of haleakala, 0.5 km se of puu ouli Auwahi dryland forest. Dry exotic grassland with native and exotic shrubs and scattered native trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. holt, r.a. collector number: pkh 9268a Maui BISH 6/25/1980
62 Wikstroemia monticola Nuu Common on aa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1917.M Maui BISH 3/9/1920
63 Wikstroemia monticola east maui, makawao district, ulupalakua, s slope of haleakala crater Dry forest on lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN little jr., e.l. collector number: 31119 Maui BISH 8/26/1976
64 Wikstroemia monticola south kohala dist; n of honokane nui stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood 4752 Kauai BISH 11/16/1995
65 Wikstroemia monticola sw slope of haleakala, above kanaio PRESERVED_SPECIMEN alexander, a.m. kellogg, l. collector number: 5357 Maui BISH 5/20/1948
66 Wikstroemia monticola east maui, s slope of haleakala above kanio On the overgrazed pasture with Osmanthus, Metrosideros etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gupta, s. collector number: 304 Maui BISH 3/18/1967
67 Wikstroemia monticola Auwahi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 157 Maui BISH 2/12/1915
68 Wikstroemia monticola west maui, above lahinaluna PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2464 Maui BISH 12/17/1985
69 Wikstroemia monticola maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN woolford, h.a. collector number: 174 Maui BISH 12/31/1955
70 Wikstroemia monticola lahainaluna, kuia ridge on dry hillside, in scrub with Dodonaea, Lipochaeta, Gouania, Lantana and klu. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN pearsall, g.a. collector number: 23 Maui BISH 12/18/1955
71 Wikstroemia monticola alena Remnant dryland forest on weathered `a`a lava. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kirch, p.v. collector number: 553 Maui BISH 7/21/1996
72 Wikstroemia monticola East Maui, S slope of Haleakala, Ulupalakua Ranch, on main road to Hana, ca. 4 miles E of Ulupala Kua ranch headquarters PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillett, G.W. 2110 Maui BISH 7/8/1967
73 Wikstroemia monticola east maui, along hi 37, e of pohakuloa ranch roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN palmer, r. 751 CM 4/1/1995
74 Wikstroemia monticola West Maui, above Lahinaluna PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2464 Maui BISH 12/17/1985
75 Wikstroemia monticola Near Nawini, Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Fleming, W.; Vockrodt 26838 Maui US 1/17/1960
76 Wikstroemia monticola East Maui, upper Auwahi. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H21308 Maui PTBG 2/15/2013
77 Wikstroemia monticola western side, nawini, persisting on lantana-covered cattle range. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener|h.j. clay degener 19354a JBRJ 12/26/1948
78 Wikstroemia monticola Hawaii. West of Kaupo Village, Maui. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. (no. 27516a) M 7/5/1961
79 Wikstroemia monticola Pukalani, west of Makawao. Dryish, untouched gulch surrounded by cane fields. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Otto Degener 27520 Maui PTBG 7/7/1961
80 Wikstroemia monticola ulupalakua ranch, east maui, s.slope of haleakala. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN g. gillett 2110 Maui US 7/8/1967
81 Wikstroemia monticola e maui, 8 mi e of ulupalakua, s slope of haleakala crater. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. l. little jr. 31119 Maui US 8/26/1976
82 Wikstroemia monticola East Maui, Auahi forest collected on aa lava, a shrub 8ft. high or more PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8662 Maui BISH 11/1/1910
83 Wikstroemia monticola Ulupalakua Ranch, East Maui, S.slope of Haleakala. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillett, G. W. 2110 Maui US 7/8/1967
84 Wikstroemia monticola W of Kaupo Village PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Degener, I. 27516b Maui US 7/5/1961
85 Wikstroemia monticola E Maui, 8 mi E of Ulupalakua, S slope of Haleakala Crater. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Little Jr., E. L. 31119 Maui US 8/26/1976
86 Wikstroemia monticola Nawini PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 19354 Maui BISH 12/26/1948
87 Wikstroemia monticola South Kohala District, N of Honokane Nui Stream Metrosideros polymorpha var incana-Machaerina angustifolia montane bogs w/ Rhynchospora chinensis, Styphelia, Vaccinium, Viola maviensis, Dichanthelium spp, Oreobolus....bogs bordered by Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 4752 Hawaii BISH 11/16/1995
88 Wikstroemia monticola Kula Pipe Line, SW slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Alexander, A.M. 5357 Maui BISH 5/20/1948
89 Wikstroemia monticola w of kaupo village PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & i. degener 27516b Hawaii US 7/5/1961
90 Wikstroemia monticola mahamenui persisting in lantana-covered cattle range. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 19355 Maui BISH 12/25/1948
91 Wikstroemia monticola east maui, auahi forest collected on aa lava, a shrub 8ft. high or more PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8662 Maui BISH 11/1/1910
92 Wikstroemia monticola nawini shade; on tree trunk PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. clay, h.f. collector number: 19354 Hawaii BISH 12/26/1948
93 Wikstroemia monticola near nawini, haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener, w. fleming & vockrodt 26838 Maui US 1/17/1960
94 Wikstroemia monticola East Maui, Makawao District, Ulupalakua, S slope of Haleakala Crater Dry forest on lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Little Jr., E.L. 31119 Maui BISH 8/26/1976
95 Wikstroemia monticola west maui, above lahinaluna PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2463 Maui BISH 12/17/1985
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